基于LGDF模型的医学图像分割及有偏场校正

为实现对灰度不均匀医学图像分割的同时进行有偏场估计并校正,改进了基于局部高斯分布拟合(Local Gaussian Distribution Fitting,LGDF)能量的活动轮廓模型。通过分析图像有偏场模型的局部特性,将有偏场乘性因子引入图像局部灰度均值的表达中,从而使有偏场乘性因子成为新的能量函数的变量。能量函数的迭代最小化既实现了目标组织分割,又有效估计了有偏场。合成图像和真实医学图像实验表明该方法比现有多种方法分割性能更好,且利用估计的有偏场校正后的图像具有更好的视觉效果。     

基于相关性比较算法的均值漂移图像分割*

迭代过程中带宽的大小对算法的准确性和效率有很大的影响,它不但决定了参与迭代的采样点数量,而且还会影响算法的收敛速度和准确性,因此带宽的选择十分重要。采用相关性比较算法计算均值漂移算法中的带宽,然后将均值漂移算法用于图像分割。实验结果表明,新算法能够获得较好的图像分割效果和质量。     

一种改进的叠代方法图像恢复技术

算术迭代方法和其他几种图像恢复方法比较起来,更适合遥感图像的应用.本文对于几种比较典型的空域迭代的图像恢复方法进行了比较,给出了评价的准则,并在此基础上,提出了改进的恢复方法,具有收敛性好,恢复图像质量高等特点.     

三维场景建模的全景外极面图像分析方法

文章提出由非精确摄像机运动下的图像序列建立3D环境模型的全景外极面图像方法,实现了 无特征提取的时空纹理方向精确估计、深度边界确定和遮挡恢复算法.该方法推广并结合了 外极面图像方法和全景图像方法,避免了现有运动分层方法迭代过程中的局部最小化问题,具 有计算和存储效率高、适应性强、算法鲁棒性好的优点.建立的自然景物的真实感三维环境 模型,可用于机器人全局定位的自然路标提取和真实环境虚拟再现的图像合成.     

一种基于数学形态学的分形维数估计方法

对于分形维数的估计是基于分形理论的纹理图像分割算法中最重要的环节。由于使用固定划分的规则网格，常用的基于盒计数的分形维数估计算法及其各种改进方法的误差较大；而传统的形态学维数估计算法虽然在准确性上有一定提高．但其时间复杂度偏高。为此提出了一种基于可变结构元的数学形态学分形维数估计方法(VSEM)。该方法将灰度图像视为一个三维空间中的曲面，使用一组不同尺度的结构元分别度量该曲面．根据度量结果与尺度之间满足的指数率来估计图像表面的分形维数。通过恰当的选择结构元和使用递推技术得到不同尺度下的膨胀结果，新方法成功地弥补了现有算法的不足。本文使用了一组合成纹理和一组自然纹理来评估几种常见的分形维数估计算法。结果显示，本文提出的新方法能够在较小的时间复杂度下，得到更为精确的估计结果。最后，将该方法应用于遥感图像的分割。与其他常用的分形分割算法相比，使用该方法估计的分形维数和图像的临域均值作为特征能够得到更好的分割结果。在对比分析和分割实验中表现出的良好性能说明本文提出的分形维数估计算法可以有效地应用于纹理图像分割。     

一种改进的图像模板细化算法

针对现有图像模板细化算法中存在的诸如迭代次数较多、细化速度较慢、图像某些部位细化不完全等问题，提出了一组改进的细化模板。针对指纹图像应用新算法进行的细化实验结果表明，采用改进的细化模板，新算法在保证对图像完全细化的同时，能显著减少细化所需的迭代次数，从而加快了细化处理速度。     

局部高斯分布拟合的脑MR图像分割及有偏场校正

为实现对灰度不均匀脑核磁共振(MR)图像分割的同时进行有偏场估计并校正,提出一种基于局部高斯分布拟合(LGDF)模型的多相水平集方法.通过分析图像有偏场模型的局部特性,将有偏场乘性因子引入到图像局部灰度均值的表达中,从而使有偏场乘性因子成为新的能量函数的变量.能量函数的迭代最小化既实现了目标组织分割,又有效估计了有偏场.合成图像和仿真脑MR图像实验结果表明,本文方法比现有多种方法分割性能更好,且利用本文方法估计的有偏场校正后的图像有更好的视觉效果.     

一种改进的自然图像分割方法*

提出了一种改进的Mean Shift自然图像分割方法。首先从数据分析的角度出发,由数据本身估计用于聚类的颜色带宽。然后根据上层的视觉任务调整颜色带宽,调整后的颜色带宽可以看作是分割分辨率。根据调整后的颜色带宽,估计每个像素的密度值,并采用直接搜索的方法搜索局部密度极大值点。在局部模式检测之后。通过一个全局标准控制的局部模式融合,就可以将图像分割成最终的结果。在不同的光照条件和复杂的背景下,这个全局标准能达到稳定分割结果和控制最终区域数目的目的。     

基于划分-合并和稳健M-估计的运动图像分层表示方法

本文提出了一种基于划分－合并和稳健Ｍ－估计以及最小描述长度约束的运动图像分层表示方法，与现有的方法比较，算法在参数估计方面有较大改进，不仅免除了人工干预，而且计算量也比较小，在参数优化过程中，采用了更符合实际情况的主成分滤波，得到了满意的结果。     

一种基于相关邻域模型的SAR图像迭代滤波方法

提出一种基于相关邻域模型的SAR图像迭代滤波方法。该方法引入相关邻域模型描述图像的局部特性。首先建立一系列反映方向信息的模板，每一个模板代表一种邻域结构。在SAR图像的统计性质基础上。对于每个邻域结构，利用Bayes方法。根据图像的观测值，获得强度期望值的最大后验概率(MAP)估计。运用模拟退火算法，根据每个结构的概率，随机选取一个邻域结构作为最适合结构，它所对应的估计值作为期望强度的估计。温度逐步趋向于O，该算法可以获得估计的全局最优解。     

Rotation recovery from spherical images without correspondences

This paper addresses the problem of rotation estimation directly from images defined on the sphere and without correspondence. The method is particularly useful for the alignment of large rotations and has potential impact on 3D shape alignment. The foundation of the method lies in the fact that the spherical harmonic coefficients undergo a unitary mapping when the original image is rotated. The correlation between two images is a function of rotations and we show that it has an SO(3)-Fourier transform equal to the pointwise product of spherical harmonic coefficients of the original images. The resolution of the rotation space depends on the bandwidth we choose for the harmonic expansion and the rotation estimate is found through a direct search in this 3D discretized space. A refinement of the rotation estimate can be obtained from the conservation of harmonic coefficients in the rotational shift theorem. A novel decoupling of the shift theorem with respect to the Euler angles is presented and exploited in an iterative scheme to refine the initial rotation estimates. Experiments show the suitability of the method for large rotations and the dependence of the method on bandwidth and the choice of the spherical harmonic coefficients.     

Robust design of a microactuator for HDD head positioning

With rapid growth in areal recording density of hard disk drive (HDD), ultra-high precise head positioning and higher servo bandwidth are required. Dual-stage actuation system using MEMS actuator has been considered as one promising precise positioning solution. The microacatuator we designed has a low in-plane resonant frequency, which limits the servo bandwidth and needs compensation by servo control system. However, this resonant frequency may shift from its mean value during MEMS fabrication process. This shift adds difficulty to effective compensation for servo control. In this paper, a robust solution is proposed to minimize microactuator’s resonant frequency shift so that its first resonance frequency is insensitive to the effects of sources of processing variations and then effective compensation for high servo bandwidth can be achieved.     

跟踪窗口尺度自动更新的Mean—Shift跟踪算法

Mean—Shift算法作为一种高效的模式匹配算法,已经广泛地应用在实时性要求较高的目标跟踪系统中,但标准的Mean—shift跟踪算法缺乏窗口尺度自动更新机制无法满足图像中运动目标尺寸变化的需要。在分析图像的轮廓检测的基础上提出了一种窗口自动更新方法,实验证明本算法能够有效地跟踪尺寸变化的目标并且提高了跟踪精度,增强了跟踪稳定性。     

Estimation of the available bandwidth ratio of a remote link or path segments

Available bandwidth is usually sensitive to network anomalies such as physical link failure, congestion, and DDoS attack. Thus, real-time available bandwidth information can be used to detect network anomalies. Many schemes have been proposed to estimate the end-to-end available bandwidth or end-to-end capacity. However, the problem of estimating the available bandwidth for a specific remote link has not been investigated in detail yet. We propose a new scheme to estimate the available bandwidth ratio of a remote link or remote path segments, a group of consecutive links, without deploying our tool at the remote nodes. The scheme would be helpful in accurately pinpointing anomalous links. Two streams of ICMP timestamp packets are sent to both end nodes of a target link according to a Poisson process, and the available bandwidth ratio for the target link is estimated based on the measured packet delay. Since the proposed scheme needs not incur a short-term congestion, unlike conventional end-to-end available bandwidth estimation mechanisms, the intrusiveness is low and the proposed scheme overcomes the limitation of conventional approaches, inability to probe the links beyond the tight link with the minimum available bandwidth. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by ns-2 simulation.     

自适应带宽均值移动算法及目标跟踪

首先提出了一种经典均值移动算法的推广算法,即自适应带宽均值移动算法,进而提出了基于自适应带宽均值移动的二维视频目标跟踪算法（ABMSOT）.前者提出了在带宽自适应情况下均值移动算法求取局部极值的框架步骤,后者可实时跟踪目标的位置、大小和方向.在ABMSOT算法中,目标模型和候选模型采用自适应带宽核函数加权特征直方图描述,目标模型和候选模型的相似性采用Bhattacharyya系数度量;通过迭代两步法搜索到目标最有可能的位置、大小和方向.第一步执行一次均值移动迭代搜索目标位置,第二步计算出最能描述目标区域大小和方向的带宽矩阵.从理论上证明了两个算法的收敛性,并通过实验证明了ABMSOT算法能实时跟踪目标的位置、大小和方向.     

一种改进的载波同步Costas环路设计及实现

提出了一种基于Cosms环（科思塔斯环）载波同步的改进环路，它具有可变环路增益和可变环路带宽。与传统的Cosms环相比，改进环路增加了频差估计、增益控制和环路锁定检测三个辅助电路。该方法能较好地处理环路带宽、稳态相位误差与环路增益之间的关系，在FPGA上已成功实现。     

Learning-based resource optimization in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks

This paper tackles the issue of bandwidth allocation in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks using recently developed tools of computational intelligence. The efficient bandwidth allocation technique implies effective resources utilization of the network. The fluid flow model has been used effectively among other conventional techniques to estimate the bandwidth for a set of connections. However, such methods have been proven to be inefficient at times in coping with varying and conflicting bandwidth requirements of the different services in ATM networks. This inefficiency is due to the computational complexity of the model. To overcome this difficulty, many approximation-based solutions, such as the fluid flow approximation technique, were introduced. Although such solutions are simple, in terms of computational complexity, they nevertheless suffer from potential inaccuracies in estimating the required bandwidth. Soft computing-based bandwidth controllers, such as neural networks- and neurofuzzy-based controllers, have been shown to effectively solve an indeterminate nonlinear input-output (I-O) relations by learning from examples. Applying these techniques to the bandwidth allocation problem in ATM network yields a flexible control mechanism that offers a fundamental tradeoff for the accuracy-simplicity dilemma.     

A pre-distortion based design method for digital audio graphic equalizer

The traditional design method for digital audio graphic equalizer using infinite impulse response filters usually has some deficiencies, including center frequency shift, narrower bandwidth at high frequency and inaccurate gain. In this paper, an improved method based on the modified bilinear transformation is proposed to design a digital audio graphic equalizer. The new bilinear mapping can compensate the center frequency shift, and pre-distorting the quality factors and optimizing the gains can correct the bandwidth and gain of each sub-band respectively. Experimental results reveal that both center frequency and bandwidth of the proposed digital graphic equalizer are strictly equal to the desired ones, and the average gain error decreases at least 2 dB.     

Differential phase shifters based on Schiffman type‐C and type‐F networks with wide phase shift range

This study proposes a class of differential phase shifters based on the Schiffman type‐C and type‐F networks with wide phase shift range. After the phase and bandwidth properties of these two distinct networks are numerically analyzed, two unique advantages of wide phase shift range and wide phase shift bandwidth are revealed. Next, the optimal design parameters for different phase shift values up to 405° are presented to allow for a quick design process. To verify the proposed approach, a 180° differential phase shifter is designed, fabricated and measured. Good performance is achieved with an impedance ratio of 1.959 and 3.7° phase deviation over a phase shift bandwidth of 61%.     

区分服务网络中带宽利用的公平性

为了解决DiffServ网络中带宽利用的不公平性 ,该文提出了一种自适应的数据包标记算法AFM(AdaptiveFairMarker) .与现有的标记算法相比 ,它有两个显著的不同 :( 1)增加了一种带宽估计机制 ,对网络中可使用的带宽进行动态估计 ,并将所估计的带宽以按比例的方式公平地分配给各个汇聚流 ;( 2 )对TCP协议作了一个微小而又非常有效的改进 ,在控制TCP拥塞窗口的同时尽量避免TCP协议的AIMD机制 .该文通过仿真试验对算法进行了验证 ,结果证实AFM算法比其它几种算法具有更好的公平性