A sharpness-dependent filter for recovering sharp features in repaired 3D mesh models

This paper presents a sharpness-based method for hole-filling that can repair a 3D model such that its shape conforms to that of the original model. The method involves two processes: interpolation-based hole-filling, which produces an initial repaired model; and post-processing, which adjusts the shape of the initial repaired model to conform to that of the original model. In the interpolation-based hole-filling process, a surface interpolation algorithm based on the radial basis function creates a smooth implicit surface that fills the hole. Then, a regularized marching tetrahedral algorithm is used to triangulate the implicit surface. Finally a stitching and regulating strategy is applied to the surface patch and its neighboring boundary polygon meshes to produce an initial repaired mesh model, which is a regular mesh model suitable for post-processing. During post-processing, a sharpness dependent filtering algorithm is applied to the initial repaired model. This is an iterative procedure whereby each iteration step adjusts the face normal associated with each meshed polygon to recover the sharp features hidden in the repaired model. The experiment results demonstrate that the method is effective in repairing incomplete 3D mesh models.     

Towards recovery of complex shapes in meshes using digital images for reverse engineering applications

When an object owns complex shapes, or when its outer surfaces are simply inaccessible, some of its parts may not be captured during its reverse engineering. These deficiencies in the point cloud result in a set of holes in the reconstructed mesh. This paper deals with the use of information extracted from digital images to recover missing areas of a physical object. The proposed algorithm fills in these holes by solving an optimization problem that combines two kinds of information: (1) the geometric information available on the surrounding of the holes, (2) the information contained in an image of the real object. The constraints come from the image irradiance equation, a first-order non-linear partial differential equation that links the position of the mesh vertices to the light intensity of the image pixels. The blending conditions are satisfied by using an objective function based on a mechanical model of bar network that simulates the curvature evolution over the mesh. The inherent shortcomings both to the current hole-filling algorithms and the resolution of the image irradiance equations are overcome.     

保持特征的网格修补

提出了一种恢复缺失尖锐特征的网格修补算法。首先对网格顶点建立自适应的八叉树,采用分段二次多项式对网格空洞周围顶点进行拟合。而在尖锐特征处周围,则采用两个或者多个系数不同的二次多项式函数,分别进行拟合,从而获取原始网格所在曲面的尖锐特征边和角。利用扩展的Marching Cube方法获得空洞处的三角网格面片,并和原始网格模型缝合。最后,对于空洞处的网格面片,进行增强特征处理,消除锯齿状网格,获得清晰的尖锐特征。实验结果表明,该方法达到了预期的良好效果。     

网格修补的特征配准方法

目的 网格重建和编辑会产生几何特征缺失的模型,填补这些空洞具有重要的意义。为了克服复杂曲面修补中网格融合难以配准的问题,提出了环驱动球坐标结合基于曲率及法向ICP(iterative closest point)迭代配准的网格修补方法。方法 首先用户查找合适的源网格面片放入空洞处周围;然后对目标网格空洞环建立B样条曲线,将带修补网格包边界置于B样条曲线上,构架环驱动球坐标,将源网格变形初步配准目标网格空洞周围领域;最后使用Laplacian光顺并基于网格曲率及法向进行ICP迭代配准,使源网格与目标网格光滑拼接融合。结果 该方法能够有效修补网格空洞缺失的细节特征,并且拼接处光滑连续。 结论 环驱动球坐标配准避免了网格变形的包围网格笼子构造,再通过ICP迭代精确配准网格,和以往的网格修补方法相比,该方法能够很好地修补网格空洞处细节特征。     

三维模型孔洞修补方法的研究

针对三维模型中带有各种原因造成的孔洞, 为后续的模型分析操作带来困难, 提出了一种基于曲率特征的三维模型孔洞修补方法。其基本思想是利用波前法对孔洞进行快速填充获得初始的修补网格, 再运用网格优化的技术依据孔洞边界点的曲率特征对初始网格进行调整。首先根据邻接三角形中边界边的性质识别出孔洞的边界, 然后使用波前法和三角形顶点的夹角关系完成孔洞的初始填充, 接着结合曲率标准对孔洞网格进行细化, 最后对修补孔洞的网格顶点进行几何形态的调整, 使其与周围网格自然过渡。实验表明该算法简单、稳定, 可以完成不同类型的孔洞修补。     

有限元网格的孔洞修补算法研究

针对板料成形零件的有限元网格模型提出了一种基于曲面的网格孔洞修补算法,该算法首先建立有限元网格模型的孔洞边界信息,其次利用网格孔洞边界和单元信息确定截面线的方向并生成截面线,然后用蒙皮法构造光滑的蒙皮曲面,最后利用基于边界约束的铺砌算法生成混合网格的孔洞网格,根据此算法获得的孔洞网格可以与原有网格光滑地融为一体,可以很好地满足板料成形CAE分析零件的网格孔洞修补要求,应用实践表明该算法是稳定可靠的。     

An efficient and collision-free hole-filling algorithm for orthodontics

Hole filling of teeth and gums is an essential stage in orthodontics after segmentation. The patching mesh should keep the morphological features of generic teeth and gums while avoiding collision between two adjacent teeth. This paper presents an efficient hole-filling algorithm to reconstruct the missing part of teeth and gums. Our proposed method involves four necessary steps: boundary construction and projection, hole triangulation in 2D, back projection of vertices to 3D, and mesh fairing. By combining constrained Delaunay triangulation in 2D with back projection of vertices to 3D using mean value coordinates, we achieve high robustness of hole triangulation and a high-quality initial patching mesh. In addition, we propose an automatic method to control the deformation degree to avoid collision. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory results, not only in morphology, but also in efficiency. The results are very similar to real teeth and gums and can meet the requirements of orthodontics in medicine.     

An algorithm for filling complex holes in reverse engineering

The existence of holes in meshes makes it difficult for mesh operations, especially when comes to model rebuilding, rapid prototyping and finite element analysis. Existing hole-filling algorithms are capable of filling holes on small and smooth regions of a model. For large holes with complex boundaries or in curved region, they may not result in satisfactory results. This paper proposes an algorithm which first split the holes into flatter ones and then split the complex holes based the concept of edge expansion. It incrementally splits a complex hole into simple ones by respecting the 3D shape of its boundary and the neighboring meshes, and then fills each resulting simple hole with planar triangulation. The proposed algorithm works well for a variety of complex holes and can better preserve the detailed features of the original mesh.     

用内法向量与二次误差度量修补三角网格孔洞

为了高效地修复含孔洞的三角网格模型,提出基于内法向量与二次误差度量(QEM)的孔洞修补算法.在识别孔洞边界之后,计算边界点的凹凸性与对应夹角角度,并利用最小角-曲率原则寻找最优修补点;根据三角形生成原则以及内法向计算方法生成新的三角形完成粗修补;最后利用二次型误差滤波函数对粗修补的网格进行优化处理.在VisualStudio2013环境下,对不同种类的含孔洞模型,利用提出算法以及孔洞修补经典算法进行实验,结果表明,文中算法修补的网格质量优于对比算法.     

A robust hole-filling algorithm for triangular mesh

This paper presents a novel hole-filling algorithm that can fill arbitrary holes in triangular mesh models. First, the advancing front mesh technique is used to cover the hole with newly created triangles. Next, the desirable normals of the new triangles are approximated using our desirable normal computing schemes. Finally, the three coordinates of every new vertex are re-positioned by solving the Poisson equation based on the desirable normals and the boundary vertices of the hole. Many experimental results and error evaluations are given to show the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm.     

A triangulation-based hole patching method using differential evolution

In this work, a new hole patching method (namely as, HPDE) is proposed to repair the damaged or ill-scanned three dimensional objects in real engineering applications. Our method differentiates from other related algorithms mainly on the following three aspects. Firstly, our algorithm sufficiently utilizes the point information around the considered hole for each prediction by constructing point correspondences on both sides of the boundary curve of the hole; secondly, the missing points in the hole region are predicted by the algorithm of differential evolution (DE), which is used to obtain the topological and geometrical structures of the mesh in the hole region; thirdly, operations of mesh optimization are adopted for improving the quality of the obtained triangulation mesh. Numerical results on kinds of holes with complex shape and large curvature, and a comparison with two recently proposed algorithms verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, further experiments on the noisy data points illustrate the robustness of the algorithm against noise.     

Mesh blending

A new method for smoothly connecting different patches on triangle meshes with arbitrary connectivity, called mesh blending, is presented. A major feature of mesh blending is to move vertices of the blending region to a virtual blending surface by choosing an appropriate parameterization of those vertices. Once blending is completed, the parameterization optimization is performed to perfect the final meshes. Combining mesh blending with multiresolution techniques, an effective blending technique for meshes is obtained. Our method has several advantages: (1) the user can intuitively control the blending result using different blending radii, (2) the shape of cross-section curves can be adjusted to flexibly design complex models, and (3) the resulting mesh has the same connectivity as the original mesh. In this paper, some examples about smoothing, sharpening, and mesh editing show the efficiency of the method.     

青铜器纹饰特征增强及自动提取

目的 青铜器是我国的文化瑰宝,然而出土青铜器大多破损、变形,需要修复以进行保护。随着3维激光扫描技术及数字几何处理研究的发展,文物数字化修复技术得到了广泛的重视。在青铜器修复过程中需要将相邻碎片的纹饰对准,以保证纹饰的连续性,从而保证修复质量。因此,青铜器纹饰特征的有效提取是青铜器修复过程中的一项重要工作,鉴于青铜器纹饰特征一般具有比较明显的尖锐边,本文提出并实现了一种青铜器尖锐特征增强及自动提取算法。方法 首先,为了减少网格均匀度对特征提取的不利影响,提出一种加权法向距离;其次,为了增强尖锐特征提取效果,提出一种逆双边滤波算法,并利用该算法获得反锐化掩膜,增强法向距离间的差异性,使得大的更大,小的更小;最后,采用Otsu算法自动确定分割阈值,依据该阈值把网格顶点分为特征点集和非特征点集,实现青铜器纹饰特征的提取。结果 对实际3维激光扫描获得的青铜器模型,分别采用本文算法和Tran等人提出的尖锐特征自动提取算法进行了纹饰特征提取,包括采用两种算法进行了纹饰特征增强前后纹饰特征提取实验,本文使用的3个模型点数在6 000至80万之间,这些模型都可以在1 s到10 s之间得到最终的提取结果,具有较高的效率。同时,本文算法可以更为准确地提取尖锐特征点,且得到的特征点更为连续,有利于进一步的处理。结论 采用本文提出的青铜器纹饰提取算法,能够自动、高效地提取青铜器纹饰特征。     

A subdivision scheme for Poisson curves and surfaces

The de Casteljau evaluation algorithm applied to a finite sequence of control points defines a Bézier curve. This evaluation procedure also generates a subdivision algorithm and the limit of the subdivision process is this same Bézier curve. Extending the de Casteljau subdivision algorithm to an infinite sequence of control points defines a new family of curves. Here, limits of this stationary non-uniform subdivision process are shown to be equivalent to curves whose control points are the original data points and whose blending functions are given by the Poisson distribution. Thus this approach generalizes standard subdivision techniques from polynomials to arbitrary analytic functions. Extensions of this new subdivision scheme from curves to tensor product surfaces are also discussed.     

半监督的三维网格模型层次分割

提出一种半监督K均值聚类和带状区域增长的三维网格模型层次分割算法,包括显著性特征点提取、预分割和后分割3个阶段.该算法在多维标度法的基础上进行显著性特征点提取;利用半监督K均值聚类算法来对原始模型进行初步的粗分割,以提高算法的整体效率;根据预分割结果,利用离散高斯曲率逼近,以带状推进的区域增长法进行层次的后分割.与同类算法相比,文中算法得到的分割边界更有意义,具有较高的边缘准确性和分割区域一致性.     

曲线的整数型生成算法

本文提出了一个用光栅显示器或数字化绘图仪等显示设备中选择曲线上最佳点的通过算法，该算法由几部分组成，分别对应曲线的不同走向段，其最大的特点是可以根据实际曲线的走向，在算法的各部分实现自动跳动，由此算法可生成所有常用曲线，本文给出Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ曲线和Ｂ样条曲线的生成算法，这些算法选择距离实际曲线最近的网格点，并且只有整数运算。     

Curve interpolation with constrained length

We consider the problem of finding a curve which interpolates at given points such that (approximately) the length of the curve between each two subsequent interpolation points is equal to some given number. We only consider the functional case. We give an algorithm which yields an interpolating cubic polynomial spline. In case the data is taken from a (smooth enough) function this spline function converges at least quadratically in the mesh size to the original one. If the mesh is ‘regular enough’ it is even third order accurate. We also given an extension to the bivariate case. For the univariate case it will be shown that the length on each interval of this constructed spline at most differs quadratically in the mesh size from the actual lengths. Assuming regularity on the partition this estimate can also be improved by one order.     

基于径向基函数的残缺点云数据修复

提出一种具有较强鲁棒性的残缺点云数据修复算法,借助kD tree寻找点云的缺陷边界,确定点云的缺陷区域;然后利用二次曲面的特性参数化边界点列;最后,通过径向基函数表示的插值曲面计算位于残缺区域内部的数据点,实现残缺点云数据的修复．     

Feature‐Preserving Surface Completion Using Four Points

We present a user‐guided, semi‐automatic approach to completing large holes in a mesh. The reconstruction of the missing features in such holes is usually ambiguous. Thus, unsupervised methods may produce unsatisfactory results. To overcome this problem, we let the user indicate constraints by providing merely four points per important feature curve on the mesh. Our algorithm regards this input as an indication of an important broken feature curve. Our completion is formulated as a global energy minimization problem, with user‐defined spatial‐coherence constraints, allows for completion that adheres to the existing features. We demonstrate the method on example problems that are not handled satisfactorily by fully automatic methods.     

三维重建网格模型的缺陷孔洞识别与修复方法

针对三维重建网格模型经常出现异常缺失孔洞的问题,提出一种缺陷孔洞自动识别与孔洞区域细节特征保持的曲面修复方法。首先对缺失区域的上下文及轮廓曲线进行异常检测以判断是否为缺陷孔洞, 确认为缺陷孔洞后对孔洞周边的特征线进行检测与匹配构造孔洞区域的基曲面;之后引进一个无约束的三角剖分对基曲面进行三角化;最后利用网格的各向异性进行细化及形态调整,改善网格的拓扑结构和几何性质。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别三角网格模型的缺陷孔洞区域并还原其细节特征。