TiO2碳还原氮化法制备TiN粉末

本文报道了用TiO_2碳还原氮化法制备TiN粉末的实验结果,当用N_2为氮化剂时影响皮应的主要因素为温度和时间,而用分解氨为氮化剂时分解氨的流量也成为重要的影响因素。采用XRD法探讨了反应过程的机制,初步确定了还原过程的中间产物为Tj_3O5。     

碳热还原氮化法制备SiAlON陶瓷材料

碳热还原氮化工艺是近年来制备低成本高性能SiAION陶瓷材料的一种实用方法．具有产业化生产潜力。本文对碳热还原氮化法制备SiAION的进展进行了综述,归纳分析了不同条件对生成物性能的影响,对今后的研究进行了展望。     

碳热还原氮化合成TiN的研究

以锐钛矿(中位径0.38μm)、金红石(中位径4.58μm)和鳞片石墨(粒度<0.15mm)、炭黑(平均粒度0.02μm)、可膨胀石墨(粒度<0.15mm)为原料,固定配比nC∶nTiO2为5∶1时分别组成不同的原料组合,并以锐钛矿和鳞片石墨为原料,改变配比nC∶nTiO2分别为3∶1、4∶1、5∶1、6∶1、7∶1和8∶1进行配料,在管式电炉、流动N2中分别于1300℃和1400℃制备了TiN,并进行了合成产物的氧化脱碳试验;采用XRD测定TiN的特征峰(d200=0.212nm)强度,以表征TiN的合成率,研究了原料粒度、反应物活性、反应温度等因素对TiN合成率的影响。结果表明:选用粒度较细或晶格活性大的原料,提高反应温度,均有利于提高TiN粉末的合成率;合成TiN粉末的最佳原料组合是可膨胀石墨和锐钛矿;以鳞片石墨和锐钛矿为原料时,其配比为nC∶nTiO2=6∶1时TiN合成率最高;合成产物中均含有一定量的碳,采用普通的加热氧化法不能除碳,其原因是TiN的氧化温度低于石墨的。     

碳热还原氮化法合成氮化钒/氮化铬复合粉末

以纳米V_2O_5、纳米Cr_2O_3和纳米碳黑为原料,经过干燥、球磨混料后,在流动氮气中焙烧,得到了氮化钒/氮化铬(VN/CrN)复合粉末。利用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM、BET和TEM对合成产物进行了表征和测试,考察了反应温度和保温时间对VN/CrN复合粉末的微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明:在1 200℃、保温2 h条件下,可制备出平均晶粒直径为40 nm的VN/CrN复合粉末。该复合粉末主要由VN、CrN和VCrN_2组成,这3种物质均为面心立方结构,空间群均属于Fm3m。复合粉末的比表面积为21.09 m~2/g。将复合粉末作为添加剂加入到陶瓷磨具结合剂中进行性能测试,结果显示:当w(复合粉末)=0.2%时,陶瓷磨具结合剂抗折强度和流动性分别提高约20%和50%;当w(复合粉末)=1.0%时,其抗折强度和流动性均达到最大值115.6 MPa和207.2%。     

TiO2碳还原氮化法制备TiN的实验规律

本文报道了采用TiO_2-C-N_2(或NH_3)系制备TiN粉末的实验规律,指出了分别采用N_2和分解氨(N_2 3H_2)为氮化剂时影响合成反应进行的因素,并初步摸索出了合成单相TiN粉末的条件。     

非水解溶胶—凝胶碳热还原氮化法制备TiN粉体研究

首先,以四氯化钛为原料,异丙醚为氧供体,二氯甲烷为溶剂,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法合成高活性的TiO2凝胶;其次以其为钛源,选用分子量为1 300 000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为碳源,采用碳热还原氮化法合成TiN粉体。X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜和激光粒度仪测试结果表明,与水解法相比,采用非水解法合成的TiO2凝胶经800℃煅烧0.5h仍为活性较高的锐钛矿相,以该凝胶为钛源,经1 200℃碳热还原氮化2h可合成纯度相对较高的TiN粉体,将合成温度升至1 300℃还原氮化5h可合成更高纯度的TiN粉体。TiN粉体颗粒呈近似球形,发育较好,粒径在1μm以下,激光粒度测定粒径主要集中在10μm左右,d50为8μm。     

非水解溶胶-凝胶碳热还原氮化法制备TiN粉体研究

首先,以四氯化钛为原料,异丙醚为氧供体,二氯甲烷为溶剂,采用非水解溶胶凝胶法合成高活性的TiO2凝胶;其次以其为钛源,选用分子量为1300000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为碳源,采用碳热还原氮化法合成TiN粉体。X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜和激光粒度仪测试结果表明,与水解法相比,采用非水解法合成的TiO2凝胶经800℃煅烧0．5h仍为活性较高的锐钛矿相,以该凝胶为钛源,经1200℃碳热还原氮化2h可合成纯度相对较高的TiN粉体,将合成温度升至1300℃还原氮化5h可合成更高纯度的TiN粉体。TiN粉体颗粒呈近似球形,发育较好,粒径在1μm以下,激光粒度测定粒径主要集中在10μm左右,d50为8μm。     

碳热还原氮化法合成氮化钒/氮化铬复合粉末的研究

以纳米V2O5、纳米Cr2O3和纳米碳黑为原料,经过干燥、球磨混料后,在流动氮气气氛中焙烧得到了氮化钒/氮化铬复合粉末。利用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM、BET和TEM对合成产物进行了分析。结果表明：在1200 ℃、2 h条件下,可制备出平均晶粒尺寸为40 nm的VN/CrN复合粉末。复合粉末主要由VN、CrN和VCrN2组成。这3种物质均为面心立方结构,空间群均属于Fm3m。将复合粉末作为添加剂加入到陶瓷磨具结合剂中进行性能测试,结果显示：当w（复合粉末）=0.2%时,可使陶瓷磨具结合剂抗折强度和流动性分别提高约20%和50%。当w（复合粉末）=1.0%时,其抗折强度和流动性均达到最大值。     

球磨对碳热还原氮化法制备氮化铝粉末的作用

研究了高能球磨对氧化铝碳热还原反应制备氮化铝的作用。结果表明：氧化铝及没料经高能球磨后,碳热还原反应开始温度降低,完全反应的温度降至1250℃。与未经球磨的反应相比,反应进行程度提高。球磨产生的机械化学作用,如细化晶粒、晶格畸变和大量缺陷及表面断健作用是球磨促进碳热还原反应的主要原因。     

碳热还原氮化法制备β''''-SiAlON的工艺条件研究

采用质量分数80%的粘土(广西高岭土或吉林球粘土)和20%的炭黑为原料,以白云石、CaO、TiO2为烧结助剂,经碳热还原氮化反应制备了β’-SiAlON材料。研究了烧成温度、保温时间、烧结助剂、成型压力和粘土种类等因素对制备β’-SiAlON材料的影响。结果表明,烧成温度以1450℃为宜,延长保温时间有利于β’-SiAlON相的形成;烧结助剂的催化效果以TiO2最好,白云石次之;随着成型压力的增大,合成试样中β’-SiAlON相减少;粘土原料的化学组成(m(SiO2)/m(Al2O3))对β’-SiAlON的Z值产生影响,m(SiO2)/m(Al2O3)减小时,Z值趋于增大。     

Preparation of AlN under vacuum by the alumina carbothermal reduction nitridation method

With good electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, aluminium nitride is widely used in microelectronics and other fields. However, high temperatures are still needed for the method of alumina carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN) for AlN preparation. Herein, thermodynamics calculation and experimental research were adopted to investigate the preparation of AlN under vacuum by the alumina CRN reaction in order to lower reaction temperature. The results demonstrate that lower pressure benefits the alumina CRN reaction. A single phase of AlN was successfully obtained at 1823 K for 2.5 h with a N₂ gas pressure of 300 Pa. Moreover, an underlying growth mechanism of AlN during the alumina CRN process under vacuum was proposed, which is different from that under atmosphere or elevated pressure. The rate limiting step of alumina CRN process was determined. The results also indicate that Al₄C₃ and Al₂OC play important roles in the process of alumina CRN under vacuum.     

碳热还原氮化制备Ti(C,N)技术的现状与发展

简单概述了Ti(C,N)的结构、性质、应用及其制备方法,并从热力学和动力学方面对碳热还原氮化制备Ti(C,N)技术进行了论述,分析了其制备过程中的工艺因素(如C/Ti摩尔比,原料种类及粒度大小,原料混合方式,气体流速,燃烧温度,添加剂等)的影响,同时还对碳热还原氮化制备Ti(C,N)技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

高岭土在碳热还原氮化过程中的相变

系统研究了苏州高岭土碳热还原氮化合成SiAlON过程在不同温度下的相变。对试样的XRD、SEM以及EDXA分析结果表明 ,1 30 0℃之前 ,试样中没有氮化物生成 ,物相为莫来石、石英和方石英 ;1 30 0℃时 ,高岭土开始发生氮化反应 ,生成过渡型SiAlON和β SiAlON。此时 ,石英和方石英相基本消失 ;1 4 0 0℃时 ,过渡型SiAlON、β SiAlON和X SiAlON三相共存 ,β SiAlON有所增多并有少量刚玉相生成 ;从 1 4 50℃到 1 550℃ ,Z值为 3的β SiAlON成为惟一的氮化产物 ,与少量SiC和刚玉相并存。莫来石在 1 50 0℃时完全消失     

碳热还原氮化锆英石合成ZrN-Si3N4复合材料

以锆英石(粒度≤44μm)和炭黑(粒度≤30μm)为原料,按m(锆英石):m(炭黑)=100:40的比例配料,于球磨罐中以无水乙醇为介质湿混24 h,然后将料浆放入干燥箱中于60℃下充分干燥,再将干燥后的粉料置于球磨罐中干混10 h。最后,将混匀的物料以60 MPa的压力压制成尺寸为20 mm×5 mm的柱状试样,在120℃下充分干燥后置于N2流量为1.0 L.m in-1的气氛炉内,分别在1 400、1 450、1 480和1 500℃的温度下煅烧,保温时间分别为6、9和12 h。自然冷却至室温后,采用XRD分析试样的相组成,采用SEM观察试样的显微结构,并对碳热还原氮化反应过程进行热力学分析。结果表明:以锆英石和炭黑为原料,利用碳热还原氮化反应,在N2气氛下可以合成出ZrN-Si3N4复合材料;通过控制煅烧温度或炉内CO气体分压,可以获得不同组成的复合材料。在本试验条件下,合成ZrN-Si3N4复合材料的适宜工艺参数为1 500℃保温12 h。     

Preparation of AlN powder of low oxygen content via carbothermal reduction and nitridation by active gas exchange technique

By generating a periodic impulse-like pressure (2.0–4.4 kPa, 84 s) to actively exchange the gas in synthesis furnace, pure AlN powder of low oxygen content was synthesized via additive free carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) of Al₂O₃ powder. Compared with the conventional CRN method, the proposed extra gas exhaust process can more effectively remove the side-produced CO from the reaction sites to accelerate nitridation process and decrease the residual oxygen content in the obtained AlN powder. For example, with 39 wt% activated carbon loaded in the raw material at 1650 °C for 4 h, the prepared AlN powder by the proposed synthesis scheme has only 0.68 wt% residual oxygen. The effects of carbon content, synthesis temperature and holding time on the residual oxygen content in AlN powder by the proposed synthesis scheme were also studied. The ball-milled as-prepared AlN powder was pressureless sintered at 1880 °C for 2.5 h to obtain a translucent AlN ceramics (37.6% at ~5700 nm), which demonstrates the excellent sinterability of the as-prepared AlN powder.     

Highly transparent AlON ceramics sintered from powder synthesized by carbothermal reduction nitridation

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) powders were synthesized by the carbothermal reduction and nitridation process using commercial γ-Al₂O₃ and carbon black powders as starting materials. And AlON transparent ceramics were fabricated by pressureless sintering under nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of ball milling time on morphology and particle size distribution of the AlON powders, as well as the microstructure and optical property of AlON transparent ceramics were investigated. It is found that single-phase AlON powder was obtained by calcining the γ-Al₂O₃/C mixture at 1550 °C for 1 h and a following heat treatment at 1750 °C for 2 h. The AlON powder ball milled for 24 h showed smaller particles and narrower particle size distribution compared with the 12 h one, which was benefit for the improvement of optical property of AlON transparent ceramics. With the sintering aids of 0.25 wt% MgO and 0.04 wt% Y₂O₃, highly transparent AlON ceramics with in-line transmittance above 80% from visible to infrared range were obtained through pressureless sintering at 1850 °C for 6 h.     

叶蜡石在碳热还原氮化过程中的相变

研究了叶蜡石在不同温度下碳热还原氮化合成SiAlON过程中的相变。SEM、XRD以及EDS分析结果表明 :130 0℃开始氮化形成O’ SiAlON ,14 0 0℃时O’ SiAlON的XRD峰已经很明显 ,14 5 0℃时O’ SiAlON大量生成并在 15 0 0℃时达到最大值 ;14 5 0℃时开始形成β SiAlON(z=2 )和少量SiC ;15 5 0℃时 ,β SiAlON成为主要的氮化产物 ,与少量的O’ SiAlON并存 ;莫来石和方石英直到 15 0 0℃仍然存在 ,15 5 0℃消失。     

Carbothermal reduction synthesis of TiB2 ultrafine powders

Submicrometric TiB₂ powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction process using titanium dioxide, boron carbide and carbon black as the starting materials. The influence of different amount of boron carbide (22.0–26.8 wt%), calcination temperature (1400–1900 °C) and holding time (15–90 min) on the composition and microstructure of the product was investigated. The resultant powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that hexagonal impurity-free TiB₂ crystalline powders with the grain size below 1.0 μm could be successfully prepared at 1600 °C for 30 min in Ar atmosphere when the amount of boron carbide was 25.3 wt%. The increase in temperature contributed to reaction completion and grain growth, but the abnormal grain growth and oversintering took place above 1800 °C.     

Preparation of spherical AlN powders by combined microemulsion method and carbothermal method

In this study, a two-step strategy for the preparation of micron-sized spherical aluminium nitride (AlN) powder by the combined micro-emulsion method in conjunction with the carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN) route was designed. The spherical AlN powder with perfect dispersibility was prepared after a heat treatment at 1550 °C for 2 h in flowing N₂. The effects of the aluminium fluoride (AlF₃) content, reaction temperature and the introduction of yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) on the nitridation ratio and on the morphology of granules, in particular, were investigated by XRD analysis and SEM. Additionally, the promotion mechanism of AlF₃ and Y₂O₃ on the nitridation reaction was also discussed. Specifically, one of the underlying formation mechanisms of the spherical granules with the aid of AlF₃ and Y₂O₃, and suggestions on the selection of additives for the CRN synthesis of spherical AlN powder were logically proposed.