High torque induction motor with rotating magnets in the rotor

This paper describes a new type high torque induction motor which has the rotating magnets in the rotor. The motor basically consists of a usual stator, cylindrical rotor, and inner cylinder of which the surface is covered by a set of magnets. The rotor turns at somewhat less than synchronous speed. The inner cylinder with magnets can revolve freely against a rotor shaft. The magnets revolve synchronized by the rotating magnetic field induced by the stator current. The magnets make the flux in the rotor. Then we can expect torque increase by the increase of the flux. The results of magnetic field analysis indicate the flux is increased. In the experimental results of a test motor which is a 400 W prototype machine, we have obtained the torque increase by approximately 20 percent as anticipated in the magnetic field analysis. Moreover, test results show improvements of efficiency and power factor in the motor operations. The efficiency of the test motor is obtained as high as 10 percent at the rated output over those of a same size conventional induction motor. Although power factor of conventional induction motors is lagging at all times, the test motor can be operated with near unity, leading or lagging by adjusting the ac supplied source voltage.     

PAM inverter system with power-factor-corrected converter

In most cases, PWM power-factor-corrected (PFC) converters are constructed from a diode rectifier and an active power circuit such as a boost or buck-boost chopper. Besides the PFC operation, the active power circuit can control the dc output voltage. The output voltage of the PAM inverters is controlled by varying the level of the dc input voltage. The PAM method reduces the voltage and current stresses of the inverter and motors. This paper proposes a new PAM inverter system with high power factor converter to obtain a sinusoidal input current. The proposed PAM method to reduce the torque ripple in the induction motor can reduce switching losses by providing a pausing interval where the switching operation stops during part of one period. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 124(2): 43–52, 1998     

变频调速异步电机的优化设计

随着变频调速技术的发展，异步电机在工业传动领域中的应用越来越广泛。传统的异步电机设计方法已经不适应变频调速异步电机的设计要求。传统电机的设计重点在于额定点效率、功率因数、最大转矩、起动转矩、起动电流、运行温升和价格等指标。而变频调速电机的设计重点是在调速范围内的效率、功率因数、温升，以及动态响应性能等。本文根据变频调速集成系统的特点，提出具有针对性的变频调速电机优化设计策略。该策略具有以下几个特点：①采用自适应设计模型；②针对变频器供电的谐波影响分析模型；③采用最优滑差控制和面向系统的优化设计方法。利用该优化设计方法，使得变频调速异步电机更加高效节能。     

A New Current Source GTO Inverter with Sinusoidal Output Voltage and Current

A new current source inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current is presented. Gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control techniques are used in the current source inverter to produce the sinusoidal output voltage and current. Three capacitors are connected to the ac output terminals to absorb overvoltages which occur when the GTO current is cut off and to provide a filter function for reducing harmonics in the output current. Voltage spikes, which have been a serious problem in the practical application of this inverter, are suppressed by adding gate pulses which force the inverter into a state of shoot-through. Moreover, this inverter permits the capacitance of an ac output terminal capacitor for absorbing overvoltages to be reduced to one-tenth or less of that of a commutating capacitor in a conventional thyristor type current source inverter. A 3.7-kW induction motor is driven by the inverter. The motor efficiency and noise level are measured and compared with those obtained when the motor is driven by a conventional voltage source PWM inverter. An operating efficiency five or six percent higher and noise level 10 dB lower are obtained for the former. Therefore, this current source GTO inverter is very suitable for ac motor variable speed drives.     

Torque ripple minimization with optimized <Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">sx</Emphasis></Subscript> estimation in vector control of current source inverter induction motor

In variable speed applications of high-power induction motors, current source inverters are usually used instead of voltage source inverters. Power switches delay and switching losses in high-power ranges, prevents inverters to operate properly in high frequencies. So the voltage and current waveforms of the motor supply consist of high harmonic content causing a high-torque ripple. One of the parameters that influences the torque ripple most is the stator flux reference value. Motors do not usually operate in their nominal load. Therefore, the optimum value of the flux is not equal to the nominal value. In this paper, an optimal i _sx reference for vector control system of current source inverter fed induction motor is produced by applying a simple estimator. Simulation results show that torque ripple has been reduced, especially in the loads less than their nominal power, as significantly as power factor has been improved. Also flux reduction causes to noticeable reduction in core and switching losses.     

TEST PROCEDURE FOR VERY HIGH SPEED SPINDLE MOTORS

Abstract

In the last ten years, the new power electronic devices and the new control techniques have allowed to open new application fields for adjustable speed/torque electrical drives. Although the traditional dc drives keep still the market supremacy, the new ac drives have performance really attractive and some additional benefits due to the machine structure and to the maintenance costs. Usually, ac drives use induction or brushless motors and the power amplifiers are driven by variable voltage/frequency in order to obtain variable speed. The authors deal with induction motors fed by non conventional supplies at very high frequency. In order to evaluate the total motor losses and the single items, a test bench with a synchronous machine capable to work up to 2 kHz with sinusoidal output voltage has been set up. As a consequence, an induction motor equivalent circuit with parameters depending on the frequency has been proposed. Today, the empirical procedure is that to use for high frequency applications shelf motors derated of a factor 10 to 20 % in order to keep into account the extra harmonic losses. On the other hand, the authors propose to design ‘ad hoc’ the motors for six-steps continuous operation in order to get about the same efficiency of standard motors. The new proposed motor equivalent circuit together with the test procedure seem to be a practical tool in order to aid the new motor design.     

HIGH-EFFICIENCY SINGLE-PHASE SEMIHEX™ MOTORS

ABSTRACT

These single-phase motors can now have the high efficiency of 3-phase motors. They are a three-phase construction with a SEMIHEX? connection of the windings to two run capacitors. Nearly all single-phase products, and particularly air conditioners, can use these high-efficiency motors. These can save billions of dollars for the consumers. The single-phase winding currents at full load are the same as if the motors were connected to a 3-phase source. The single-phase full-load efficiencies are the same high efficiencies as the 3-phase motor on a three-phase supply. The power line sees a leading power factor of approximately 87%. The single-phase line current is approximately 1.7 times what the three-phase line current would be. The line starting current is unity power factor and is less than three times the full-load current for motors between 10-HP and 100-HP. Single-phase motors as large as 100 horsepower are readily built at low cost.     

Fault detection of broken rotor bars in induction motor using a global fault index

Induction motors play a very important part in the safe and efficient running of any industrial plant. Early detection of abnormalities in the motor would help to avoid costly breakdowns. Accordingly, this work presents a technique for the diagnosis of broken rotor bars in induction motor. Stator voltage and current in an induction motor were measured and employed for computation of the input power of one stator phase. Waveforms of the instantaneous power and line current were subsequently analyzed using the Bartlett periodogram. Different global fault indexes on the instantaneous power spectrum and on the line current spectrum for the fault detection are evaluated. Several rotor cage faults of increasing severity were studied with various load effects. Experimental results prove the efficiency of the employed method.     

异步电动机最佳压频比控制策略的研究

为了探究异步电动机电源压频比对效率和功率因数的影响,优化电机与外加电源的匹配,获得一种力能指标优化控制策略.在一定的负载转矩和电源频率下,通过调整电源电压来获取异步电动机的定子电流、效率和功率因数随电压变化的一般规律,分析出效率和功率因数匹配最优的运行点,即该频率下的最佳的电压值,获得最佳压频比.通过仿真和实验结果发现,定子电流最小时对应的效率和功率因数匹配最好,力能指标最优,压频比最佳.最佳压频比控制策略能够使电动机在满足调速要求的前提下,适应不同的负载变化,始终运行在最优力能指标的状态下.     

模拟厂用电源切换的感应电动机群等值研究

厂用电源切换过程中,母线电压经历一个从衰减到恢复的过程,线路在切换中则会产生冲击电流,母线电压和线路电流的变化影响着厂用电源切换成功与否。本文基于厂用电源切换过程中母线电压和冲击电流的特点,计及感应电动机的动态稳定特性,将感应电动机群分组,然后将每一组的感应电动机群等值成一台感应电动机,等值前后的感应电动机具有相同的功率消耗。最后针对一个厂用电系统,利用EMTDC软件进行仿真研究。结果表明,等值后的简化模型对于3种厂用电切换方式均适用。     

异步电动机降压运行时的一种计算方法

给出了一种计算异步电动机降压运行时各损耗功率及定子电流电压的方法。以驱动某一风机负载为例 ,当其以降压调速方式调节风机流量时 ,应用MATLAB语言 ,对电动机的各损耗功率、定子电流电压及其实际运行效率等进行较为详尽地计算 ,计算结果以数据表格和图形方式给出     

Effects of various unbalanced voltages on the operation performance of an induction motor under the same voltage unbalance factor condition

This paper investigates the effects of different unbalanced voltages with the same voltage unbalance factor (VUF) on the performance of a three-phase induction motor and its feedback influence on the power system. Under eight different voltage unbalance conditions, the performance of a three-phase induction motor was measured through a real load test. The loss, efficiency, power factor and temperature rise of the motor under different unbalanced voltages are investigated. According to the test results and analysis, the importance of the positive-sequence voltage on the motor’s apparent performance and the negative-sequence voltage in the hidden damage were pointed out. Finally, it is strongly suggested that (1) the derating and temperature rise curves and related regulations should consider the VUF percent and the magnitude of positive-sequence voltage, and (2) the effects of unbalanced voltage on induction motors should also be modeled in power system voltage stability studies.     

大功率绕线式异步电机无功补偿装置的研究

阐述了绕线式异步电机的无功补偿原理;建立了d,q,0坐标系的数学模型.通过在绕线式电机转子回路上串接容性电压,以降低电机的无功功率,减小定子侧的电流,提高电机的效率及其过载能力.系统采用单相至三相交-交变频产生容性电压,简化了电路,大大减小了变压器的总容量;采用单片机作为控制核心,使系统具有过流、过温、转子缺相、主电机运行状态监控等保护功能.该系统可广泛用于建材、化工、化肥、造纸、制药、冶金等大中型绕线式异步电机中.     

A Cycloconverter?Synchronous Motor Drive for Traction Applications

An electric drive suitable for traction is described consisting of a cycloconverter and a synchronous motor. Essentially, the same system can be used with either single-phase or three-phase input with frequencies around 50-100 Hz. The motor speed range is not limited by the input frequency. The cycloconverter thyristors are commutated by the source voltage at low motor speed and by the motor electromotive force (EMF) at higher speed. The transition between the two regions is smooth and automatic. Only 16 low- switching speed thyristors are required for the single-phase input system. The short time overload capability of this drive at low speed is excellent, and full range regenerative, as well as dynamic braking, is readily accomplished. Compared to dc motors occupying the same space, three-phase ac motors, both synchronous and induction, offer higher output power, higher efficiency, and the elimination of brush and commutator maintenance. Compared to inverters, cycloconverters have higher efficiency and lower cost and weight.     

Effects of momentary voltage dips on the operation of induction andsynchronous motors

Simplified stability calculations of induction and synchronous motors on voltage dips are presented. The voltage dip withstand characteristics of induction and synchronous motors rated at the same horsepower and driving the same inertial loads are calculated. The motor characteristics influencing stability are: the type of motor selected (synchronous or induction); the pull-out torque of synchronous motors and the breakdown torque of induction motors; a constant excitation controller or an excitation boost on voltage dips for the synchronous motors; load and motor inertia; and load characteristics. Synchronous motors are not suitable for fast autoclosing or bus transfer, although these can be autoresynchronized. Transient torques and current surges must be considered when induction motors are connected for fast bus transfer. Due to varying power systems, motors and load characteristics, and much interaction between these, an analysis of avoiding a shutdown on voltage dips has to be performed on a case-by-case basis. This may include a computer-based study. The stiffness of the power system in relation to motor loads, the probable type of faults and fault clearance times, and motor protection and controls are some other concerns requiring an analysis in this context     

电动机节能模糊控制器

为提高感应电动机的运行效率，本文提出了电动机节能模糊控制器的实现策略，设计了电动机调压节能模糊器和调频节能模糊控制器原型。它的基本原理是，在保护负载需求的前提下，通过控制电动机的定子电压或频率，最大限度地减少其输入功率，以实现节电运行。模糊控制器的输入变量是定子电流及其变化率，输出变量是定子电压或与频率对应的ＰＷＭ脉冲序列。本文所提出的节能模糊控制器的特点是成本低，鲁棒性强，模糊推理和ＰＷＭ脉冲序     

多相感应电机的非正弦供电技术

为充分利用多相电机的多控制自由度,分析了多相集中整距绕组感应电机非正弦供电的原理,对九相集中整距绕组感应电机分别在正弦和非正弦供电下的输出转矩和电机效率进行仿真分析.在保持2种供电模式下电机齿、轭部磁密幅值分别相等、定子铜耗相同的前提下,与正弦供电相比,重载下非正弦供电时电机输出转矩提高了约7%,电机效率也有所提高.构建了一套多相变频调速系统,在该系统下对上述理论进行实验验证,并同时与一台三相正弦绕组感应电机正弦供电作对比.实验结果表明,重载下多相集中整距绕组感应电机非正弦供电时可以提高输出转矩,改善电机效率,并分析了重载下多相集中整距绕组感应电机非正弦供电时电机效率和输出转矩提高的原因.     

一种基于斩波方式新型软起动方法研究

本文提出一种基于斩波方式的三相交流异步电动机的软起动新方法 ,对电路的起动特性、功率因数、谐波以及控制策略进行了研究与改进 ,仿真结果表明这种基于斩波方式的三相交流异步电动机的软起动方法比基于三相交流调压的三相交流异步电动机的软起动方法更具优越性     

A Speed and Power Factor Controller for Small Three-Phase Induction Motors

A form of controller/compensator is suggested for the speed control of small induction motors. This controller uses pairs of thyristors in each supply line, incorporated into a resistance/capacitance network. Smooth speed control may be realized over a wide speed range, and the motor current remains substantially sinusoidal. For a small laboratory type motor, the current was reduced by up to 30 percent, and high power factor was maintained over the whole speed range. The overall efficiency of the compensated system increased by about three percent over that of the uncompensated motor.     

Immittance converters suitable for power electronics

An immittance converter has fine performance in many power electronics applications. Its function is to convert voltage sources into current sources and current sources into voltage sources. The immittance converter has an input impedance that is proportional to the admittance of loads connected across output terminals. Therefore, in this converter, the output current is proportional to the input voltage and the input current is proportional to the output voltage. Consequently, it converts a constant voltage source into a constant current source and a constant current source into a constant voltage source. When an immittance converter operates at a resonant frequency and is inserted to high-frequency link systems, voltage source outputs turn into current source outputs and current source outputs turn into voltage source outputs. Some power electronics applications of this converter are photovoltaic inverters and dc-dc converters with constant current outputs. It is well known that a quarter-wavelength transmission line shows immittance conversion characteristics. However, it has a very long line length for its switching frequency (e.g., 20 kHz), and is not suitable for power electronics applications. Therefore we propose five immittance converters that consist of lumped L and C elements and show the immittance conversion characteristics at a resonant frequency. These immittance converters are much smaller and lighter than the transmission line. Their principles, basic circuits, and basic characteristics are described in this paper. We also evaluate their application to high-frequency link systems of power electronics. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 124(2): 53–62, 1998