Alkali Extraction of Starch from Corn Flour

The alkali steeping process was tested for extraction of starch from degerminated yellow corn flour. The effect of three process parameters, alkali concentration (0.1 and 0.4%), steep temperature (25 and 55°C) and steep time (30 and 90min) were evaluated for their effect on yield, protein and sodium contents of starch. Two-level full factorial design was used to investigate the process. The experimental results indicated that starch yield increased with increasing steep temperature and at low alkali concentration. All main effects and interactions were found to have significant effect on protein content in the extracted starch. The sodium content of the starch was effected by the three main effects and the three two-factor interaction effects. Conditions were identified that simultaneously produced a high starch yield, low protein and sodium contents were 0.1% alkali steep at 55°C for 30 min.     

Single-Screw Extrusion of Defatted Soy Flour, Corn Starch and Raw Beef Blends

Effects of feed moisture, fat and corn starch levels and process temperature on physical properties of extrudates of defatted soy flour-amylose corn starch-raw beef blends were investigated using response surface methodology. Contour plots showed a convex curve of expansion ratio (ER) with moisture, concave curves of bulk density (BD) and shear-force (SF) with moisture, and concave cmves of SF with each of the four extrusion variables. Fat decreased ER and increased BD, whereas corn starch increased ER. Products with high ER and low BD and SF tended to have prominent air cells, continuous protein matrices, and smooth cell wall surfaces in scanning electron micrographs. The optimum extrusion conditions for minimal SF values, with 20% non-dehydrated beef muscle and varied amounts of defatted soy flour, were: 29.1% feed moisture; 2.96% feed fat; 22% feed corn starch; and 162°C process temperature.     

双酶分步水解玉米蛋白粉制备玉米肽干粉的研究

利用碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶双酶对玉米蛋白粉进行分步水解,确定制备玉米肽干粉的工艺流程.对双酶分步水解和单酶单独水解进行了蛋白质收率(X)和水解度(DH)的对比分析,同时对不同活性碳浓度对水解液脱色率和氮回收率的影响进行了讨论.     

玉米粉制备葡萄糖的糖化工艺优化

探索大孔吸附树脂纯化野生椒蒿总黄酮的工艺和体外抗氧化活性。以总黄酮吸附量和解析量为响应值,考察7种不同的大孔吸附树脂对野生椒蒿总黄酮的吸附和解析能力,再通过动态吸附和解析试验优化工艺条件筛选出最佳的树脂类型为AB-8,并考察野生椒蒿总黄酮对ABTS+的清除能力。研究结果表明,AB-8型树脂对椒蒿总黄酮纯化的较佳工艺为:提取液黄酮质量浓度为1 mg/mL、pH4、上样流速2 BV/h、上样量5 BV、洗脱剂为体积分数60%的乙醇溶液、洗脱剂用量为4 BV。在最佳工艺条件下,纯化后的黄酮提取液浸膏中总黄酮含量由13.6%提高到52.4%。体外抗氧化活性试验表明,椒蒿总黄酮对ABTS+具有清除活性,且随着质量浓度的增加,清除活性有明显加强。     

玉米粉制备葡萄糖的糖化工艺优化

以玉米粉为原料,通过高温酶法液化后,添加葡萄糖淀粉酶进行糖化,以还原糖值(DE值)和葡萄糖质量分数(DX值)为评价指标,探讨糖化温度、糖化时间、pH值、葡萄糖淀粉酶添加量对糖化效果的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验法对糖化工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,最佳糖化条件为:糖化温度60℃,糖化时间12h,pH值5.3,葡萄糖淀粉酶添加量45U/g。在此条件下,糖化液DE值为98.24%,DX值为98.16%。     

糯玉米粉、淀粉和脱脂淀粉的理化特性研究

以4个糯玉米品种为材料,比较分析了糯玉米粉、淀粉(脱蛋白)和脱脂淀粉(脱蛋白脱脂)的理化特性.结果表现,脱蛋白或脱蛋白脱脂处理不改变材料的结晶类型,各材料均表现为典型的"A"型衍射图谱.理化特性在糯玉米粉、淀粉和脱脂淀粉间存在显著差异.结晶度、膨胀势、回复值、峰值时间和糊化温度以糯玉米粉最高,脱脂淀粉最低;溶解度、峰值黏度和谷值黏度以淀粉最高,米粉最低;透光率以脱脂淀粉最高,米粉最低;但4个糯玉米品种的终值黏度变化趋势不甚明显.     

Glucose Production from Treated Sago Starch Granules by Raw Starch Digesting Amylase from Penicillium brunneum

Several microorganisms have been found to produce raw starch digesting amylase. We have isolated Penicillium brunneum from sago palm tree at a sago processing site, which was used as a source of starch digesting amylase. All the raw starch digesting enzymes were effective for cereal starches, but root starches and sago starch were resistant to the enzyme reaction. Treatment of sago starch by heating to temperature below gelatinization temperature at lower pHs resulted in an increase in the ability of enzyme to digest sago starch granules. Heating to 60°C at pH 2.0 resulted in a conversion rate of sago starch granules to glucose near to the conversion rate of raw corn starch to glucose. At higher concentration, the degree of hydrolysis of treated sago starch granules was about 275% as compared to that of untreated sago starch granules. Addition of the enzyme in large amount or small portion at various time intervals was found effective in the hydrolysis of treated sago starch granules.     

用玉米粉酶法生产淀粉糖和发酵制品

玉米粉不同于湿法玉米淀粉，是指用玉米经干法 (湿润 )脱皮脱胚后制得的玉米粉。工业上也称低脂玉米粉。目前国际上流行的用于淀粉糖和发酵制品的玉米淀粉，均是湿磨法。全世界产淀粉 4700万吨，玉米淀粉占 3600万吨，均是湿法。我国产淀粉 400万吨，玉米淀粉约 330万吨 .基本上是湿法淀粉。　　湿法淀粉有其优点，因为玉米经水浸泡 (浸泡时间 48小时～ 72小时 )，胚芽充分膨胀。浸泡过的玉米经几道磨碎，可以将胚芽较完整分离出来，然后筛除玉米皮，在经分离及旋流分离淀粉乳中的蛋白质，得到商品淀粉。全部是物理加工过程，能获得纯度较高…     

用玉米淀粉制备交联淀粉的工艺

以玉米淀粉为原料,以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为交联剂制取交联淀粉,通过反复试验研究了不同混合酸的用量、不同混合酸比例、不同反应时间、不同反应温度条件对交联淀粉交联效果的影响,最后采用正交试验优化了制备交联淀粉的工艺条件,为制备交联淀粉提出了新工艺。     

玉米淀粉在干脆类食品专用粉生产中的应用

食品加工业需求低面筋、低灰分、高白度的专用面粉。在专用粉生产中利用食用玉米淀粉做出有益的尝试。结果表明,在面粉中添加食用玉米淀粉能有效地降低面筋含量、灰分,提高面粉白度。     

非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉制备羧甲基淀粉的研究

以原玉米淀粉、氯乙酸为主要原料,先用乙醇制备非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉,然后将氢氧化钠和氯乙酸加入反应瓶中制备羧甲基淀粉.研究了氯乙酸用量、氢氧化钠用量、反应体系水分含量、反应温度、时间对样品取代度(DS)的影响.结果表明:在m(氯乙酸)/m(淀粉)为0.2,n(氢氧化钠)/n(淀粉)为0.4,反应体系水分25%条件下,温度55℃反应4 h得到较高取代度的羧甲基淀粉CMS.     

糯玉米粉-膨化粉混粉的功能性质研究

本文以黑糯玉米粉一膨化粉混粉为试材，研究其功能性质，结果表明，挤压膨化粉具有较高的糊化度、水溶指数和吸水指数，其值随混粉中膨化粉的比例的增加而增加；由于挤压膨化过程中淀粉的降解使膨化粉产生较低的RVA黏度，混粉的冷黏度随膨化粉的比例的增加而增加，而最终黏度随膨化粉的比例的增加而降低；随混粉中膨化粉的比例的增大，其吸热焓值降低。     

Small Scale Separation of Wheat Flour in Starch and Gluten

A system was designed to imitate on a small scale the separation process of wheat into starch and gluten. The system provides information on gluten coagulation, on yields, purity and recovery of gluten and starch, and on losses of soluble protein and other soluble matter in waste water. The performance of the system is demonstrated with the results of the separation of four wheat varieties of different baking quality. Using these results the accuracy, reproducibility and resolution of the system are discussed.     

耐高温α-淀粉酶在玉米淀粉制备结晶葡萄糖中的应用研究

本研究立足国内丰富的玉米淀粉资源，以提高葡萄糖转化率、改善糖液的过滤性、缩短生产周期为目标，采用双酶法加工技术，以新型耐高温α-淀粉酶为液化酶，研究了影响玉米淀粉液化的因素，同时优化了玉米淀粉液化的工艺参数。     

非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉制备羧甲基淀粉

以非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉、氯乙酸为主要原料,用乙醇溶剂法制备羧甲基淀粉。研究了反应温度、时间、氯乙酸、淀粉乳浓度、水分含量对样品取代度(DS)的影响。结果表明:在淀粉乳浓度20%,n(氯乙酸):n(淀粉) =1:4,n(NaOH):n(淀粉)=1:2,乙醇溶剂含水30%条件下,55℃反应4h得到较高取代度的羧甲基淀粉。     

交联淀粉的制备工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,制备轻度交联淀粉,探讨三偏磷酸钠用量、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对交联度（即沉降体积）的影响;并采用正交试验设计进行优化,确定最件工艺条件为：三偏磷酸钠用量为淀粉千质量的1．5％、反应时间1．5h、反应pH10．25、反应温度50℃。     

一种新的接枝玉米淀粉制备方法

采用自制的引发剂,使酸化的玉米淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯发生接枝共聚反应,通过扫描电镜照片证实了接枝共聚反应的发生。并以其为主体浆料对T/C(65/35)混纺纱进行了上浆试验,试验结果表明,新配方浆纱的织造效果和浆纱性能均优于传统配方。     

食用玉米醋酸酯淀粉的研制及特性

原玉米淀粉于水相体系碱性条件下与醋酸酐作用生产醋酸酯淀粉。在前人研究工作的基础上，通过改变反应温度、PH值、反应时间和醋酸酐用量等条件，探讨了这些条件对酯化反应的影响，并对产品的糊透明度、冻融稳定性等进行了系统的研究，并用Brabender粘度仪测定了样品的起糊温度、粘度峰值等温度变化过程中样品粘度性质的变化。     

复合交联玉米淀粉的制备工艺及特性研究

采用环氧氯丙烷、三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,以玉米淀粉为原料制备轻度交联复合交联玉米淀粉.探讨了三偏磷酸钠的用量,反应pH,反应温度,反应时间对交联度的影响,并采用正交试验设计进行优化,确定最佳工艺条件:三偏磷酸钠用量为淀粉质量的1.75%,反应时间l h,反应pH 10,反应温度45℃.所制备的复合交联玉米淀粉较玉米原淀粉、单一交联淀粉在糊液黏度的稳定性、抗老化性、抗酸性方面均有较大的改善.