湿式催化氧化处理炼油碱渣废水试验研究

采用200L／d湿式催化氧化(CWO)小型工业试验装置对碱渣废水进行处理试验研究,结果表明CWO技术装置对处理碱渣废水(COD39600～139200mg／L、挥发酚3900～34500mg／L)具有良好的技术可行性。在270℃、9MPa的条件下,该废水经处理后(催化反应时间60～90min),废水中COD、挥发酚的去除率可达到98％以上,处理水中的COD浓度可低于1000mg／L、挥发酚浓度可低于排放标准值(0．5mg／L),而且脱色除臭效果良好。     

稀土废水中氯化铵浓缩的预处理工艺

稀土废水成分复杂，氯化铵浓度较高，通常在10000-20000mg／L以上，硬度大，通常在上百至上千mg/L范围，废水中含有少量乳化油及溶解油，进膜之前必须进行预处理。本研究开发出处理能力为0．5m^3／h的膜集成工艺技术，用于稀土废水中氯化铵的分离浓缩中试试验。其工艺流程为：稀土废水-预处理-反渗透-电渗析。     

A2/O法处理焦化废水

总结了AVO法处理焦化废水的一个实例。实践证明,AVO法处理焦化废水是可行的,关键是在好氧段中要培养出足够的硝化细菌。工程实际运行结果表明,该系统运行稳定,出水中的酚、氰、CODcr和NH3-N等指标均达到国家标准。酚由400mg／L降到0．5mg／L以下,氰由4mg／L降到0．5mg／L以下,CODcr值由3000mg／L降到150mg／L以下,NH3-N由70mg／L降到15mg／L以下。废水处理量为260m^3／h。     

钻井废水的电荷中和絮凝作用研究

研究了钻井废水中悬浮固相颗粒表面电荷被絮凝剂电荷的中和作用,探讨了废水的化学脱稳和絮凝效率．结果表明,当固相颗粒表面 电位分别被2500mg／LAl2(SO4)3和300mg／LCPAM中和为OmV,悬浮液的毛细管抽吸时间CST值被降低到100s以下时,钻井废水达到了化学脱稳。将2300mg／L A12(SO4),与400mg／LCPAM复配使用,对钻井废水中20μm以下细小颗粒的电荷中和絮凝作用能够使其减少到1．2％,分离水的浊度达到30FUN,色度26度,COD95mg／L。     

煤化工含盐废水近零排放的预处理研究

研究了化学沉淀法对不同煤化工企业含盐废水的除硬预处理效果。研究发现,900 mg/L的NaOH可将废水(一)的出水总硬和钙硬分别控制到100mg/L和25mg/L,去除率分别为90.9%和96.4%;500mg/L的NaOH或者500 mg/L的Ca(OH)2都能够将废水(二)的出水总硬和钙硬分别控制在150 mg/L和60 mg/L以下,去除率分别高于80.0%和88.0%;但是,在废水(三)的研究中发现,在碱度足够的情况下,1 400 mg/L以下的Na OH或700 mg/L以下的Ca(OH)2都无法起到软化的效果,只有在pH大于12的情况下,外加700 mg/L的Ca(OH)2和600 mg/L的Na2CO3或者外加200 mg/L的Mg Cl2·6H2O和400 mg/L的Ca(OH)2,可以将出水总硬维持在150 mg/L以下。     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理印染废水

针对印染废水的水质特点，本文采用水解酸化与接触氧化相结合的生化工艺对废水进行处理。水解酸化和好氧接触设计停留时间均为10h，运行结果表明，水解酸化单元可有效提高废水的可生化性，废水经水解酸化后B／C值可从0．2～0．3提高至0．4左右，有效保证了好氧接触处理效果。根据环保监测结果，COD一般在80mg／L，BOD，在10mg／L以下，COD去除率80％以上，BOD，去除率90％以上。     

石灰沉淀-混凝沉淀处理含氟废水的试验

单纯的石灰沉淀法不能把高浓度含氟废水降到较低水平，Ca(OH)2 Al2(SO4)3(或PAC)是处理100mg／L左右的含氟废水的有效方法。其中，PAC的处理效果优于Al2(SO4)3，在pH值范围6．0～7．0时，PAC投加400mg／L的条件下，出水可达10mg／L以下，满足了回用及排放的要求。     

稀土改性Ru系催化剂处理生物难降解废水

以贵金属Ru及过渡元素为活性成分,采用在稀土改性活性炭上负载的方法制得催化剂,用于处理生物难降解有机工业废水。该催化剂具有高活性、高稳定性等特点,可处理低浓度工业有机废水,特别是提标改造项目废水。针对经生化处理后的印染废水、烟草行业废水,通过催化氧化处理,出水色度可降低至30以下,COD降低至50 mg/L以下,水质达到国家一级A类排放标准。催化剂连续运行仍表现出稳定的处理效果,且活性组分溶出均小于0.5 mg/L。     

物化处理后的铜酞菁废水A/O生物接触氧化研究

铜酞菁废水酸性强、氨氮和Cu^2 浓度高、处理难度大。作者采用A／O生物接触氧化对经物化处理后的铜酞菁废水进行了实验研究。实验表明：适当增大硝化液回流比(R)有利于有机氮转化以及硝化和反硝化;增加水力停留时间(HRT)可提高脱碳效率,并促进硝化。在进水CODCr500mg／L,TKN100．8mg／L,R为300％及HRT为50h时,CODCr、NH3-N和TKN的去除率可分别达91．0％、98．8％和98．4％。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺处理油田含油污水的实验

以季铵盐阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(LBT)作絮凝剂，以复合聚氯化铝为混凝剂，对河南油田双河联合站含油废水进行了处理。结果表明，ρ(油)为600mg／1．的主流程废水，在复合PAC投药质量浓度为150mg／L，LBL质量浓度为lmg／L时，处理水含油质量浓度可达1．8mg／L，去除率为99．7％；CODcr为l000mg／L的次流程废水，在复合PAC质量浓度为200mg／L，LBT质量浓度为2mg／L时，处理水的CODcr在l40mg／L左右，去除率为86．0％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。