海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽研究进展

血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽在血压调节中起着重要作用,食源性ACE抑制肽具有较强降血压效果,是调节血压的潜在活性成分。海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽是食源性活性肽的重要组成部分,是未来研究的热点。本文综述了海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化、结构鉴定、体外和体内活性研究及构效关系等研究进展,同时对海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽的研究和应用前景进行展望。     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽定量构效关系研究进展

在血压调节方面,血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的活性是重要的影响因子。ACE抑制肽具有抑制ACE活性、降低血压等作用。其毒副作用小、安全性高。该文主要对血压调节机制、ACE抑制肽的降压机理、食源性ACE抑制肽的制备以及定量构效关系进行综述介绍,对指导ACE抑制肽的分子设计过程给予理论分析,有望开发出高活性的功能性食品及降血压药物。     

食物源ACE抑制肽的生产及构效关系研究进展

生物活性肽是蛋白质中隐藏着的可在体内发挥一定生理功能的活性肽段。目前已从食物蛋白中获得了具有免疫调节、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗血栓形成、抗高血压等功能的多肽,其中血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽是研究热点之一。ACE通过产具有升压作用的血管紧张素Ⅱ和降解扩张血管的舒缓激肽在调节血压中发挥着重要作用。ACE抑制肽可通过消化道水解、发酵和熟化过程、体外酶解和遗传重组方法而获得,并可作为功能因子添加到功能食品中,相关产品已上市或研发中。本文对ACE抑制肽的生产及其构效关系研究进展等进行综述。     

ACE抑制肽构效关系研究进展

血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽是一类从食源性蛋白质中分离得到的具有降高血压活性的多肽。由于其降血压效果好,而且没有降压药物的毒副作用从而引起了广泛关注。近年来,ACE抑制肽的构效关系研究成为研究重点。结构生物信息学研究表明,ACE抑制肽的ACE抑制能力不仅与其分子质量有关,而且与其氨基酸序列以及其立体空间构象之间存在高度相关性。ACE抑制肽的抑制类型与ACE抑制活性、构效关系也存在一定相关性。对ACE抑制肽构效关系进行深入研究将有助于指导开发高活性的功能性食品及降血压药物。     

基于定量构效关系制备火麻仁蛋白ACE抑制肽

高血压是引发心血管疾病的主要因素,经常服用降压的药物会产生副作用,因而安全、高效的食源性降压肽成为关注点。本研究建立了血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型,确定ACE抑制肽的结构与其活性间的关系。将模型结果辅以计算机虚拟酶切精确掌握蛋白水解位点,筛选合适的蛋白酶水解火麻仁蛋白定向制备ACE抑制肽,并测定最终水解物的抑制效果。结果表明：基于二肽建立的SVM-AAindex模型具有最佳的预测性能(R²为0.81,RMSE为0.53),且当二肽C端氨基酸为疏水性和芳香族氨基酸时具有较强的ACE抑制效果。蛋白质组分分析发现火麻仁蛋白含有34.60%的疏水性氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸是制备ACE抑制肽的良好来源。选择虚拟酶切产生较多短肽和生物活性肽的碱性蛋白酶和枯草杆菌蛋白酶对火麻仁蛋白进行定向水解,获得的最终水解液的ACE抑制IC50值分别为1.89和2.30 mg/mL。本研究建立了一种高效精准的制备火麻仁蛋白ACE抑制肽的方法,在降血压药物上具有很好的应用前景。     

食源性血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的研究进展

食源性血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽是源于食物蛋白的生物活性小肽,它通过抑制生物体内ACE的活性而发挥出显著的降血压效果,并具有安全性高、无副作用、降压效果温和专一等优点,已成为目前国内外的研究热点。主要从食源性ACE抑制肽的降压机理、ACE抑制肽的定性/定量构效关系、肽的活性与降血压的关系等方面进行了详细综述和归纳。     

ACE抑制肽构效关系的研究进展及乳源性ACE抑制肽的加工利用现状

对ACE抑制肽的降压机理、构效关系及乳源性ACE抑制肽的加工利用现状等方面进行了介绍。在人体血压调节方面,血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)起着重要的生理作用,越来越多的天然食品源ACE抑制肽被研究和开发利用。本文主要对ACE抑制肽的降压机理、结构、定性/定量构效关系及乳源性ACE抑制肽的加工利用现状等方面进行了综述介绍,以期更好的获得和人工合成优良的ACE抑制肽产品。结果表明,ACE抑制肽的活性与其分子大小、氨基酸种类、序列结构以及空间构象等都密切相关,乳源性的ACE抑制肽的产品在国外已日渐成熟。     

食源性血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽研究进展

肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)和激肽释放酶-激肽系统(KKS)在血压调节方面是一对相互拮抗的体系,其平衡失调被认为是高血压发病的一个重要因素,而血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)是影响两体系的关键。食物来源的ACE抑制肽因具有安全性好、成本低、易吸收、降压明显等优点,越来越受到人们的关注。本文详尽阐述了ACE抑制肽的降压机制、来源、生物利用率、结构与活性关系、分离纯化方法、活性测定与功能评价及其应用前景。     

血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽稳定性研究

高血压是心血管疾病最重要的且可治疗的危险因素之一,控制高血压是降低心脑血管疾病的发病率、致残率和死亡率的有效措施。血管紧张素转化酶通过影响肾素-血管紧张素系统和激肽释放酶-激肽系统实现对人体血压调节。文章综述了血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的总体研究趋势、物理化学及酶稳定性的研究现状,并对其值得进一步研究内容进行展望,旨在为血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的研究与开发提供思路。     

生物活性多肽定量构效关系研究方法的比较分析

介绍了生物活性多肽定量构效关系(QSAR)中化学结构描述符和建立数学模型统计方法的研究概况.对这些方法应用于蚕蛹酶解蛋白制备血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽的QSAR研究中的可能性进行分析.     

Effects of natural peptides from food proteins on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and hypertension

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. The underlying pathophysiology is largely contributed by an overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS). Herein, angiotensin II (AngII) is a key mediator not only in blood pressure control and vascular tone regulation, but also involved in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension and congestive heart failure. Since more than three decades suppression of AngII generation by inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or blockade of the AngII-receptor has shown clinical benefit by reducing hypertension, atherosclerosis and other inflammation-associated cardiovascular diseases. Besides pharmaceutical ACE-inhibitors some natural peptides derived from food proteins reduce in vitro ACE activity. Several animal studies and a few human clinical trials have shown antihypertensive effects of such peptides, which might be attractive as food additives to prevent age-related RAAS activation. However, their inhibitory potency on in vitro ACE activity does not always correlate with an antihypertensive impact. While some peptides with high inhibitory activity on ACE-activity in vitro show no antihypertensive effect in vivo, other peptides with only a moderate ACE inhibitory activity in vitro cause such effects. The explanation for this conflicting phenomenon between inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effect remains unclear to date. This review shall critically address the effects of natural peptides derived from different food proteins on the cardiovascular system and the possible underlying mechanisms. A central aspect will be to point to conceptual gaps in the current understanding of the action of these peptides with respect to in vivo blood pressure lowering effects.     

豆粕血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的结构鉴定及作用机制解析

以大豆粕为原材料,利用超声辅助酶解技术、超滤-?KTA层析相结合的方法分离纯化获取豆粕酶解产物中血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE）抑制肽,对其分子质量分布进行研究,后通过质谱分析与分子对接技术鉴定并筛选出ACE抑制活性肽的氨基酸序列,经固相合成肽序列,检测其ACE抑制肽的活性并基于分子对接技术探索其抑制机制。结果表明：经超声辅助酶解提取获得的豆粕肽分子质量主要分布在6 000 Da以下;根据分子对接的最低预测自由能筛选出的GVRP（－8.44 kcal/mol）和IIVTP（－9.04 kcal/mol）可以抑制ACE活性,半抑制浓度（50% inhibitory concentration,IC50）分别为（84±0.06）、（77±0.08）μmol/L;分子对接结果表明：GVRP、IIVTP能够与ACE的活性口袋S1、S1′、S2形成氢键相互作用,共有的过近接触（3.5 ?范围内）ACE氨基酸残基为His513、Ala354和Glu384。本研究基于串联质谱与分子对接技术,建立从混合多肽中快速鉴定、筛选活性多肽的方法,探究活性多肽与ACE稳定结合并体现其ACE活性的抑制机制,为后续的深入研究提供一定参考。     

Food‐Originating ACE Inhibitors,Including Antihypertensive Peptides,as Preventive Food Components in Blood Pressure Reduction

This work is a literature overview on angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory/antihypertensive peptides in food protein sources. The following aspects related to peptides with the above‐mentioned bioactivity are discussed: (i) mechanism of action of ACE, (ii) the structural character of ACE inhibitors/antihypertensive peptide sequences determined by different methods, including quantitative structure–activity relationship studies, (iii) their food sources, (iv) absorption of peptides, (v) in vitro and in vivo approaches involved in the production and potential release of peptide ACE inhibitors as well as in silico methods applied in research concerning peptides.     

The potential role of milk-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease

Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are of particular interest to the food industry due to the potential functional and physiological roles that they demonstrate, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). By 2020 it is estimated that heart disease and stroke will become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute and chronic cardiovascular events may result from alterations in the activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and activation of the coagulation cascade and of platelets. Medications that inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are widely prescribed in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitory peptides are of particular interest due to the presence of encrypted inhibitory peptide sequences. In particular, Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro are fore runners in ACE inhibition, and have been incorporated into commercial products. Additionally, studies to identify additional novel peptides with similar bio-activity and the ability to withstand digestion during transit through the gastrointestinal tract are ongoing. The potential sources of such peptides in cheese and other dairy products are discussed. Challenges to the bio-availability of such peptides in the gastro intestinal tract are also reviewed. Activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade play a central role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Platelets from such patients show spontaneous aggregation and an increased sensitivity to agonists which results in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction associated with CVD. Peptide sequences exhibiting anti-thrombotic activity have been identified from fermented milk products. Studies on such peptides are reviewed and their effects on platelet function are discussed. Finally the ability of food derived peptides to decrease the formation of blood clots (thrombi) is reviewed. In conclusion, due to the widespread nature of cardiovascular disease, the identification of food derived compounds that exhibit a beneficial effect in such widespread areas of CVD regulation will have strong clinical potential. Due to the perception that food derived products have an acceptable risk profile they have the potential for widespread acceptance by the public. In this review, selected biological effects relating to CVD are discussed with a view to providing essential information to researchers.     

Identification of an Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysates by a Soybean Protease and the Antihypertensive Effects of Hydrolysates in 4 Spontaneously Hypertensive Model Rats

ABSTRACT: Our previous study demonstrated that, because of its substrate specificity, protein hydrolysates by protease D3, which is originated from soybean, exhibited the prominent property of being less bitter than other enzymatic hydrolysates. In the 1st experiment in this series, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from soy protein hydrolysate by D3 were identified by the establishment of a novel and effective peptide identification method. The amino acid sequences of candidate ACE inhibitory peptides were determined by electrospray ionization mass/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis after rough purification of the samples with gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. Some of the candidate peptides had amino acid sequences that showed homology with those of the reported ACE inhibitory peptides. Then, 8 types of novel candidate peptides were synthesized according to a solid-phase method, and their ACE inhibitory activity was confirmed as the IC₅₀ value. The most potent inhibitor was NWGPLV (IC₅₀= 21 μ M ). In the 2nd experiment, the antihypertensive activity of protein hydrolysates by D3 was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive model rats (SHRs). The dose-dependent antihypertensive effect of soy protein hydrolysate was confirmed, and systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced after the oral administration of doses exceeding 100 mg/kg. Casein hydrolysate was found to have the most potent effects on suppressing blood pressure as well as ACE inhibitory activity among the various food protein hydrolysates studied because of the primary structure of casein. These results indicate that hydrolysates by D3 could be a useful food ingredient because it has the physiological function (antihypertensive activity).     

富硒辣木叶蛋白ACE抑制肽的酶解工艺优化及活性研究

以富硒辣木叶为原料提取富硒辣木叶蛋白,通过单因素实验和响应面优化富硒辣木叶蛋白血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽的制备工艺,并对最优酶解物的ACE抑制活性、氨基酸组成和硒含量进行分析表征.结果表明,富硒辣木叶蛋白ACE抑制肽的最佳酶解条件为时间3 h,pH7.5、酶底比0.23％、底物浓度5.97％、温度39.2℃.该条...