材料性能参数和工艺参数对板料两道次成形性能的影响

在物理仿真的基础上 ,研究了板料拉深成形过程中材料的性能参数和工艺参数对板料成形性能的影响 ,着重分析了对板料两道次拉深成形的影响。结果表明 ,无论是材料性能参数还是工艺参数对再拉深的影响都比对单道次拉深的影响大得多     

盒形件充液拉深成形工艺优化及试验研究

本文主要研究充液拉深成形技术在复杂异形长法兰类盒形件成形过程中的应用,首先对该类零件的材料进行了力学性能和成形性能测试分析,获取材料的成形极限,确定了充液拉深成形方案;建立了盒形件的有限元仿真模型,模拟了盒形件在充液拉深成形过程中材料的壁厚变化情况,通过成形缺陷分析对关键工艺参数低压充液时间TLP、整形时间TIP、最大压边力Fmax、液体流速Vel％,最大成形力Pmax及时效时间Tw等进行了重新设计,并通过数值模拟和试验验证相结合的方法优化了工艺参数;最终,完成了盒形件充液拉深成形流程再造,确定出最优的工艺参数,并成功实现盒形件的充液拉深成形,使其制造效率和产品质量大幅提升,为低塑性、难变形材料盒形件的批量制造奠定了工艺基础.     

金属板料拉深成形工艺参数优化的正交试验研究

成形工艺参数影响金属板料的拉深成形性能,对多道次拉深的影响显著性因素也不一致。针对影响板料拉深成形性能的主要因素,运用正交试验方法确定出了影响首次和二次拉深成形性能的显著性因素。通过优化组合参数,提高了拉深成形效率。     

拉深孔成形的工艺参数优化与实验研究

为了探讨拉深孔成形技术对提高板料成形性能的有效性，以圆筒形件为研究对象，研究了拉深孔成形条件下的成形性能。采用数值模拟、人工神经网络和遗传算法进行板材成形工艺参数优化，得到了最优化的压边力和拉深孔相对密度等拉深工艺参数。根据优化后的结果设计并完成了相关的工艺实验，取得了与有限元模拟相一致的结果，证明了拉深孔成形技术是一种提高板材成形性能的行之有效的方法。     

基于多目标遗传算法优化板料拉深成形工艺参数

利用人工神经网络构建了板料拉深成形的目标函数模型,建立了板料拉深成形工艺参数和性能评价指标之间的映射关系.以多种工艺参数(压边力、摩擦因数等)作为优化变量,多种成形缺陷(起皱、破裂等)作为优化目标,结合多目标遗传算法和数值模拟,建立了板料拉深成形工艺参数的优化设计模型,大大提高了优化的效率.以油底壳下盖为例,对其拉深成形工艺参数进行了优化,通过对优化结果进行数值模拟可以看出,该优化参数完全避免了各种缺陷的产生,这说明该优化算法具有较好的优化结果.     

基于正交试验的半球形拉深成形工艺参数优化

以某半球形TA1钛合金拉深成形件为例,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立了拉深成形三位模型和数值模拟正交试验方案。以是否破裂和起皱为衡量指标,探究凹凸模间隙、拉深速度和压边力对拉深成形件质量的影响,结果表明:起皱现象主要出现在压边区域不影响成形件质量,对底部最小厚度的影响从大到小依次为拉深速度、压边力以及凹凸模间隙。基于正交试验结果设计优化方案,得到最优工艺参数组合并将其应用于实际生产得到表面质量较好的拉深成形件,结果表明:基于正交试验对拉深成形工艺参数优化的方案可行,可以为企业生产提供指导,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于板料后续性能的拉深筋结构参数试验研究

布置结构合理的拉深筋,可以有效地提高零件的成形质量.为制定合理的拉深筋结构设计原则,以拉深筋阻力和通过拉深筋后板料的后续成形性能为试验指标,就半圆形拉深筋结构参数对各试验指标的影响进行正交试验研究,讨论拉深筋结构对板料后续性能的影响,分析拉深筋阻力与板料后续性能的关系.研究结果表明,不同的拉深筋结构参数组合,对板料可能产生相近的阻力效果,但是后续性能却不一定相同;在拉深筋结构参数中,筋圆角半径R对拉深筋阻力及板料后续性能的影响最显著,凹槽圆角半径r1、r2的影响最弱,而且程度相当.在此基础上,根据试验数据及分析结果给出综合考虑拉深筋阻力和板料后续成形性能的拉深筋结构参数的设计原则,此原则依据拉深件的成形深度来设计拉深筋参数,对大型覆盖件拉深模具的设计具有积极的指导作用.     

基于人工神经网络构建优化板料拉延成形工艺模型

利用人工神经网络构建了板料拉深成形的目标函数模型,建立了板料拉深成形工艺参数和性能评价指标之间的映射关系,为各参数的研究和优化提供了重要参考.通过正交试验法对模型的训练,得到了高精度的神经网络模型.并以某后壁板为例进行拉深成形建模,通过对训练后的网络进行测试,网络误差小于5%,验证了所建网络模型的正确性和实用性,为工艺优化提供了行之有效的手段.     

轿车发动机罩外板拉深成形数值模拟研究

通过对冲压成形过程进行数值模拟,可以预测成形过程中的材料流动趋势和应力应变分布,从而实现工艺参数的优化.基于数值模拟技术,对汽车发动机罩外板的拉深成形过程进行了研究.分别采用方板毛坯模型和剪角板毛坯模型对发动机罩外板的拉深成形过程进行分析,结合数值模拟结果和理论分析,得到了更为合理的板料尺寸,同时得出了相关的拉深成形工艺参数,该研究对实际生产具有一定的指导意义.     

基于数值模拟的筒形件多道次拉深工艺与实验研究

分析了开水煲外壳零件成形的工艺特点,采用有限元分析软件Dynaform对其多道次拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟。首先确定出该零件合理的拉深系数分配,并在此基础上,选取影响最终成形质量的主要因素压边力、摩擦系数、模具圆角半径等为优化变量,通过正交试验,分析了零件关键位置的最大变薄率及表面质量情况,对上述工艺参数进行了优化。通过实践生产验证,经工艺优化后的成形零件质量得到一定程度的提高,取得了满意的结果。     

Effect of film properties on formability of aluminum pouch for secondary battery

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of film properties on the formability of aluminum pouches for secondary batteries. Among the physical properties of the film, the effects of the friction coefficient and the elongation rate on the formability were investigated. The purpose of this study is to draw the improvement of formability according to the physical properties of the films for constructing the aluminum pouch on the assumption that the Friction resistance between the mold and material in the forming process and the Tensile resistance generated when the material is deformed by the punch will affect the formability. The results showed that the formability was better when the friction coefficient was lower. Specially, the formability is improved more in the sample that had the nylon film with a reduced friction coefficient than in the sample with the CPP film that had a reduced friction coefficient. This indicates that the limit of bending deformation was extended as the friction coefficient of the nylon film get lower. In addition, we found that the formability depends on the elongation property. The formability is improved when the nylon film with isotropic property and a CPP film with stable elongation property were applied. In a sample NY.2/CPP.2 manufactured by using an isotropic nylon and a stably elongated CPP film, the formability has maximum forming depth of 5.5 mm. This result verified that materials that have low friction coefficient, isotropy and a stable elongation property may be applied to improve the formability.     

在线电解修整磨削氧化膜研究现状及展望

在线电解修整（ELID）镜面磨削加工中,电解作用会使砂轮表面生成一层具有绝缘作用的氧化膜,该氧化膜可以减缓和阻止进一步电解,避免砂轮损耗过快;同时,氧化膜可容纳、承托大量因电解而脱落的磨粒,使得砂轮的磨削类同游离磨粒的研磨、抛光作用,有利于提高磨削表面质量。氧化膜在整个磨削过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,直接影响着ELID磨削加工表面质量和磨削效率。详细阐述了ELID磨削过程中氧化膜的成膜过程及表征方法、氧化膜的物理/化学特性、氧化膜成膜影响因素等方面的研究进展,并对ELID磨削氧化膜下一步的研究重点进行了展望。     

Experimental study on the formability of aluminum pouch for lithium polymer battery by manufacturing processes

Lithium polymer batteries are an improvement from the existing lithium ion batteries in terms of the risks of electrolyte leakage and explosion. Demand for lithium polymer batteries is rapidly increasing because of their advantages such as stability, light, and higher degree of freedom of shape. Accordingly, the demand for aluminum pouches, which are the exterior material of lithium polymer batteries, is increasing and research and development of aluminum pouches are actively being conducted. In the case of aluminum pouches, the forming area and depth that can accommodate the battery cell are increased according to the capacity of the battery, and stable formability is essential for aluminum pouches. In this study, manufacturing processes were changed to examine ways to improve formability. First, by changing the process order so that the surface treatment coatings on both sides of the aluminum foil were carried out simultaneously, the number of times when there was contact of the nylon film with the work roll was reduced. As a result, formability was improved because damage to the surface of the nylon film was reduced and the slipperiness was maintained. In addition, with regard to the drying temperature of the adhesive that constitutes the innermost layer, as the drying temperature increased (120 °C), solvent volatility increased, leading to stronger adhesion between the interfaces and resulting in improved formability.

     

Method for testing sliding frictional response of lubricious thin films used in plastic medical syringes

Lubricious thin films are used in plastic medical syringes in order to reduce the frictional forces between the syringe barrel and the rubber plunger. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) liquid films are the current accepted technology for reducing the friction forces in plastic medical syringes. However, major issues with these PDMS films exist, including interactions of the film with the stored injectable drugs and variations in the frictional response as the syringes are aged over time. A new silicon based, lubricious octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (L-OMCTS) thin film solid lubricant has been developed as a replacement for PDMS that provides acceptable and stable frictional responses without interacting with injectable drugs. A novel test method has been developed that can be used to successfully characterise the sliding frictional response of the L-OMCTS thin films at the syringe barrel and plunger interface. This test method will be used to provide future insight into how the frictional response of the L-OMCTS thin films is affected by various system parameters. This paper will mainly discuss the design of this new test method and provide some preliminary frictional response data.     

基于响应曲面法的YG8硬质合金刀片化学机械抛光工艺参数优化

为了快速确定YG8前刀面抛光的最佳工艺参数,提高加工效率和精度,利用响应曲面法对YG8硬质合金刀片抛光工艺进行优化试验研究。通过单因素试验确定抛光转速、抛光压力、磨粒粒径和磨粒浓度的水平,并对4个工艺参数进行中心复合设计试验。建立了材料去除率RMR和表面粗糙度Ra的预测模型,基于响应曲面法优化工艺参数获得最佳工艺参数为抛光转速65.5 r/min、抛光压力156.7 kPa、磨粒粒径1.1 μm、磨粒浓度14%,此时得到了最小表面粗糙度预测值Ra=0.019 μm,材料去除率RMR=56.6 nm/min。试验结果表明,基于响应曲面法的材料去除率与表面粗糙度预测模型准确有效。     

基于增材制造各向异性的强度约束拓扑优化

增材制造工艺的特殊性导致制造结构展现出各方向不同的力学性能,为满足其所带来的更加严苛的结构强度设计需求,提出了一种基于双向渐进结构优化法的各向异性强度约束拓扑优化策略。推导了描述增材结构强度的各向异性Tsai-Hill失效系数,通过权重因子构建了包含失效系数约束的目标函数。详细求解了优化灵敏度公式,并采用敏度归一化等数值方法稳定优化历程。典型算例表明,所提方法可有效抑制高失效风险区域以保证结构强度,且在材料各向异性强度假设下可获得更优于von-Mesis应力相关设计的结果。此外,优化结果高度依赖于各向异性程度与材料堆叠角度参数的变化,因此合理的调整将有助于优化结构性能。     

Influences of material properties of components on formability of two-layer metallic sheets

Formability of two-layer metallic sheet is constrained by plastic instability and localized necking. Forming limit diagram (FLD) is an accepted measure of sheet metal formability. The formability of two-layer sheets depends on the material properties of their components such as strain hardening exponent, strain rate sensitivity coefficient, stiffness coefficient, and grain size. In this paper, the effects of the mentioned parameters on the FLD of two-layer sheets are investigated with a theoretical model which has been verified with an experimental approach. The results show that the forming limit of two-layer sheet lies between the forming limits of its components depends on their material properties.     

Multi-scale parallel finite element analyses of LDH sheet formability tests based on crystallographic homogenization method

A multi-scale parallel finite element (FE) procedure based on the crystallographic homogenization method was applied to the LDH sheet formability test analysis. For the multi-scale structure, two scales are considered. One is a microscopic polycrystal structure and the other is a macroscopic elastic plastic continuum. The analysis code can predict the formability of sheet metal in macro-scale, simultaneously the crystal texture and hardening evolutions in the micro-scale (Nakamachi E et al. Int J Plasticity 2007;23:450-8). Since huge computation time is required for the nonlinear dynamic multi-scale FE analysis, parallel computing technique based on domain partitioning of FE model for macro-continuum is introduced into the multi-scale code using the message passing interface (MPI) library and PC cluster (Kuramae H et al. In: Proceedings of the eighth international conference on computational plasticity, Part 1, 2005. p. 622-5). The explicit time stepping solution scheme in the nonlinear multi-scale FE dynamic problem is well-suited for parallel computing on distributed memory environment such as PC cluster because solving simultaneous equation is not required. We measured crystal morphologies of four automotive sheet metals, aluminum alloy sheet metals A6022-T43 and A5182-O, an asymmetrically rolled aluminum alloy sheet metal A6022-ASR, and mild steel HC220YD, by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses, and defined a three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) of micro polycrystal structure, which satisfy the periodicity condition of crystal orientation distribution. We evaluate not only macroscopic formability of the automotive sheet metals by the multi-scale LDH test analysis, but also microcrystalline texture evolution during plastic deformation. Furthermore, a relationship between the macroscopic formability and the microcrystal texture evolution was discussed through looking at multi-scale FE results. It is concluded that the mild steel HC220YD was the highest formability than the aluminum alloy sheet metals because of remaining and generating the γ-fiber texture, such as {1 1 1}〈1 1 0〉-{1 1 1}〈1 1 2〉 orientations, during plastic deformation.     

Process metallurgy design of aluminum alloy sheet rolling by using two-scale finite element analysis and optimization algorithm

Recently, the asymmetric rolling (ASR) process was applied to the aluminum alloy sheet generation to control the micro-crystal structure in order to improve the formability and the strength. Until now, many experimental and numerical studies of ASR process have been carried out, but these schemes have not enough capability to predict the texture evolution at the micro-scale and the sheet formability at the macro-scale. In this study, we develop a process metallurgy design code to analyze and optimize the sheet rolling process. At first, our dynamic-explicit crystallographic homogenized elasto/viscoplastic finite element (two-scale FE) code was applied to analyze ASR sheet deformation and optimized ASR process to generate a high formability sheet metal by employing the response surface method. A texture evolution of ASR sheet metal under an optimum process condition was compared with the experimental results, and the availability of our design code was confirmed. Next, an initial texture for the symmetrical warm rolling was optimized to generate a better formability sheet metal. Consequently, our two-scale FE code combined with the optimization algorithm was verified as a comprehensive tool in the process metallurgy design to predict plastic induced texture evolutions and optimize a rolling process and an initial texture for a high formability sheet generation.     

Dynamic mechanical properties of photo resist thin films

Photo resist thin films have mainly been used and investigated for versatile applications of micro electronic mechanical systems because of its outstanding aspect ratio and attainable film thickness. An accurate structure properties derived from validated material characterization is required in engineering applications. In this work, dynamic responses of photo resist thin films are tested by a nanoindentation in association with a dynamic mechanical analysis, where the thin film is coated on a silicon wafer by spin coating. The results show that the storage modulus of the photo resist thin film remains constant at the beginning and then increases as the indentation depth increases. Meanwhile, the loss modulus increases as the indentation depth increases. Varying the film thickness shows that the substrate effect plays an important role in determining the dynamic properties of thin films. However, the results agree well with the bulk material when the amplitude of nanoindentation is relatively small. It illustrates the dynamic mechanical analysis can be an efficient method to characterize the viscoelastic properties of thin films, but proper attention on the test parameters is needed.