模拟飞机梁结构连接件疲劳寿命分析

分别采用试验和理论分析的方法对飞机梁结构连接件疲劳寿命进行预测。首先在雨流统计分析的基础上确定了标记载荷,试验结果表明:该种方法能定量地记录裂纹的起裂与扩展过程。然后建立了含有柔—柔接触与预紧力的飞机三维梁结构连接件的有限元模型,有限元模型的计算结果与静力试验结果一致,误差在10%以内。最后分别采用基于有限元的局部应力应变法和数值计算方法,预测了试验件疲劳裂纹的形成寿命。对比分析了这两种方法发现:直接由局部应力应变法得出的裂纹形成寿命偏危险;而基于Femfat的计算可以得出直观的损伤云图和偏保守的裂纹形成寿命,且与试验结果相一致。     

LD10CS腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率评价的可靠性模型

腐蚀损伤会加速疲劳载荷下的飞机铝合金结构裂纹的萌生和扩展,威胁结构安全性。针对腐蚀影响下的疲劳裂纹扩展的随机性本质,对预腐蚀LD10CS合金的预腐蚀疲劳试验进行了数据分析,提出了基于可靠性的腐蚀裂纹扩展速率表征方法,与试验结果对比表明,该方法可以给出LD10CS腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的上下限,进而给出该种材料铝合金构件的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的上下限,为评估铝合金构件的寿命提供了依据。     

腐蚀对新型高强度铝合金疲劳裂纹萌生机制及扩展行为的作用

根据编制的某机场环境加速试验谱,通过腐蚀试验模拟飞机服役过程中遭受的潮湿空气、盐雾、二氧化硫、酸雨和干/湿交变等严酷条件的侵蚀作用,采用飞机主承力结构新型高强度铝合金7B04-T74,制备单边缺口拉伸(Single edge notch tension, SENT)试样进行预腐蚀和疲劳试验,分析不同程度腐蚀损伤对疲劳裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展行为和疲劳寿命的影响,揭示腐蚀对裂纹萌生及扩展行为的作用机理。结果表明,在腐蚀初期,疲劳裂纹萌生源主要为单个蚀孔,裂纹扩展路径较为平直;随着腐蚀程度的加重,在多个蚀孔处同时萌生多条小疲劳裂纹,萌生疲劳裂纹的蚀孔具有隧道效应,扩展路径不规则,形成“之”字形裂纹;疲劳裂纹萌生机制是材料第二相与腐蚀损伤之间相互竞争的结果;腐蚀导致疲劳寿命显著降低,尤其是裂纹萌生寿命,腐蚀12年试验件裂纹萌生寿命仅为未腐蚀试验件裂纹萌生寿命的2.2%。     

基于累积损伤的金属结构腐蚀疲劳可靠性分析

运用断裂力学方法和逐次循环法计算含初始缺陷金属结构的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命;考虑裂纹尺寸、载荷、材料等参数的随机性,基于金属结构裂纹扩展理论,提出了一种以疲劳累积损伤ψ(a2,a1)代替裂纹长度a(N)作为功能函数的腐蚀疲劳可靠性分析方法,建立了等幅载荷谱作用下金属结构基于累积损伤的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展可靠性评估模型和基于Monte-Carlo法的可靠度计算方法。结合金属连接件耳片结构进行具体计算,探讨了LY12CZ和30CrMnSiA两种材料腐蚀疲劳可靠性的差异,可为工程设计提供有益参考。     

应力与腐蚀因素对连接件腐蚀疲劳寿命交互作用的研究

在应力控制下分别研究了不同应力,预腐蚀时间对3．5％NaCl溶液中有涂层的LY12CZ铝合金铆接连接件的腐蚀疲劳性能影响的规律。试样结构是根据飞机蒙皮的真实结构设计制成的单剪切连接件,按实际工艺过程进行表面处理。试验结果表明,提高应力和延长预腐蚀时间均会缩短连接件的腐蚀疲劳寿命。应力与环境腐蚀因素对连接件的腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响作用不是简单的叠加关系,而是相互影响的,结果还表明,在无预腐蚀的条件下有涂层连接件在pH值为6的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀疲劳寿命比空气中的寿命要高,并且在高低应力范围内均有此现象,在30MPa下预腐蚀对连接件的疲劳寿命的影响作用比50MPa下预腐蚀对连接件疲劳寿命的作用要明显。     

结构载荷加重系数对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的影响

介绍飞机结构载荷加重方法,通过经典疲劳裂纹扩展公式推导出载荷加重系数与寿命之间的关系。规划了变幅载荷谱和常幅谱两种谱型,分别通过载荷加重系数(1.05、1.1、1.15、1.2、1.3、1.4)在两种类型的试验件上进行试验验证。试验结果表明:在常幅载荷下,预测结果与试验结果吻合很好;变幅载荷谱下的结果虽没有常幅载荷下的结果理想,但误差范围比较小。通过载荷加重,能够大量缩短试验时间,并通过有效关系导出原谱下的裂纹扩展寿命。     

某型飞机典型疲劳关键件加速腐蚀条件下 C-T曲线的测定

针对某型飞机典型疲劳结构模拟件开展加速环境谱及加速腐蚀试验技术探索性研究.根据腐蚀损伤等效原则,给出试验室加速环境下与外场使用环境下的腐蚀当量关系,对预腐蚀不同时间后的模拟件进行载荷谱疲劳试验,获得了腐蚀影响系数C随地面停放年限T的变化曲线,为确定该结构日历寿命提供依据.     

钛合金结构疲劳全寿命计算方法研究

依照钛合金裂纹萌生和小裂纹扩展寿命较长的特点,结合目前的检测水平,将钛合金疲劳全寿命分为3个阶段,裂纹由0 mm～0.3 mm为裂纹萌生寿命,0.3 mm～2 mm为小裂纹扩展寿命,2 mm～aC为长裂纹扩展寿命。各阶段因为破坏机理的不同而采用不同的寿命预测方法,从而提高疲劳全寿命预测的准确性。超低间隙钛合金TC4ELI和TA15ELI等幅和谱载荷下疲劳全寿命试验和预测结果表明,裂纹萌生寿命在全寿命中所占比例最大,预测误差最大;长裂纹扩展寿命所占比例最小,预测精度最高;小裂纹扩展寿命所占比例稍大于长裂纹,预测误差大于长裂纹。等幅载荷和谱载荷下全寿命预测误差均符合工程结构疲劳寿命预测的精度要求。     

疲劳裂纹扩展试验的一种低载截除方法

基于疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值和应力比的关系,提出了一种适用于疲劳裂纹扩展试验的低载截除方法。该方法综合考虑了材料裂纹扩展性能、应力幅值和应力比的影响。用中心裂纹板(M(T))试验件进行了一种飞-续-飞原谱和两种截除谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。截除谱下裂纹扩展寿命与原谱下寿命差别在26%以内,但试验周期最多缩短了78%。试验结果表明,采用提出的方法进行低载截除,可显著缩短试验周期而不改变结构破坏模式,也不明显改变裂纹扩展寿命。     

某型飞机机翼Ⅱ梁框疲劳寿命研究

某型飞机机翼Ⅱ梁框是重要的受力部件,必须准确估计疲劳寿命,以预防疲劳事故的发生。采用名义应力法和局部应变法两种方法及Miner累积损伤理论估计疲劳裂纹形成寿命;在随机载荷谱转化为等幅载荷谱的基础上通过Walker方程求得疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,从而估算出某型飞机机翼Ⅱ梁框的疲劳寿命。估算结果与试验结果吻合很好。     

7075航空铝合金原位腐蚀-多轴疲劳行为分析

针对沿海地区飞机服役过程中的疲劳失效问题,利用自行开发的腐蚀装置对7075铝合金进行未腐蚀和3.5%NaCl盐雾原位腐蚀条件下,等效应力分别为200 MPa、250 MPa和300 MPa时的多轴疲劳试验。结合循环曲线和断口形貌对未腐蚀和原位腐蚀条件下的多轴疲劳失效机理进行对比分析,并提出改进的Manson-Coffin-Basquin（MCB）准则进行寿命预测。结果表明,随着等效应力的增大,7075铝合金未腐蚀和原位腐蚀条件下多轴疲劳寿命均下降;等效应力相同时,相对于未腐蚀试样,原位腐蚀试样的多轴疲劳寿命显著缩短,轴向和扭向滞回线的面积均不同程度增大;200 MPa等效应力条件下,试样多轴疲劳寿命在未腐蚀条件下为99 675周次,原位腐蚀条件下下降至55 284周次;未腐蚀和原位腐蚀条件下,裂纹源均出现在外表面,原位腐蚀试样扩展区有盐粒出现;修正的MCB准则引入加载条件和环境因素,得到了良好的预测效果,寿命预测值均位于两倍分散带内。     

Corrosion effects on fatigue crack propagation of stainless steel and its heat affected zone in pH buffer solutions

A corrosion fatigue crack propagation test for 430 stainless steel and its heat affected zone was conducted in pH buffer solutions, and the results were compared with model predictions. The bare corrosion effect on fatigue crack propagation, particularly in corrosive environments was evaluated by means of a modified Forman equation. As shown in the results, the average corrosion rate determined from the ratio of corrosion induced crack length to the entire crack length under a cycle load was 0.11 and 0.37 for the base metal and heat affected zone, respectively, with a load ratio of 0.5, frequency of 0.5, and a pH 10.0 environment. The modeling and experimental processes demonstrate a step towards a methodology enabling the corrosion effects on fatigue crack propagation behavior to be determined.     

腐蚀环境下飞机结构广义全寿命分析模型

研究老龄飞机在腐蚀环境下服役的寿命预测方法.针对飞机不同的停放位置与飞行环境,建立详细的环境模型,并对机体上的腐蚀损伤进行测量与统计分析,得到腐蚀损伤随环境和服役时间演化规律的概率模型.利用有限元方法计算得到受腐蚀损伤结构件的受力分布情况,和裂纹扩展分析软件结合起来进行寿命估算.最后应用此方法对坑蚀和剥蚀对机体结构寿命的影响进行算例分析,预测结果和试验结果符合很好.     

Effect of Tangential Traction and Roughness on Crack Initiation/Propagation During Rolling Contact

Rolling-fatigue tests of 0.45 percent carbon steel rollers were carried out using a four-roller-type rolling-contact fatigue tester. Tangential traction and surface roughness of the harder mating rollers were varied and their effect was studied. The results of the study indicate that the fatigue life decreases when traction is applied in the same direction as that of rolling. When the direction of traction is reversed, the life increases over that obtained with zero traction. The roughness of harder mating rollers also has a marked influences on life. The smoother the mating roller, the longer the life. Microscopic observation of specimens revealed that the initiation of cracks during the early stages of life is more strongly influenced by the surface roughness, while the propagation of these cracks in the latter stages is affected mainly by the tangential traction.     

飞机结构损伤光固化复合材料疲劳寿命研究

疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展是材料在变载荷作用下的主要失效形式。试验针对飞机光固化复合材料修理补片的疲劳寿命进行了测试，并考核了不同修理工艺（半宽度胶接、全宽度胶接及铆接修理）试样的疲劳寿命，为确定最佳修理工艺提供了试验依据。     

Sub-surface damage investigation by high frequency ultrasonic echography on 100Cr6 bearing steel

This paper presents an original ultrasonic technique devoted to the early detection of sub-surface fatigue cracks in 100Cr6 bearing steels. Echographic experiments were carried out during interrupted rolling contact fatigue tests. Crack initiation and crack propagation stages were both investigated. Quantitative measurements of sub-surface crack position, depth and angle with respect to the bearing surface are presented. Experimental results are analysed and discussed in relation to rolling contact fatigue theories. Contrary to what is generally accepted the presented results show that the crack propagation stage could represent an important part of bearing life.     

Review on Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Failure of Centrifugal Compressor Impeller

Corrosion failure,especially stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue,is the main cause of centrifugal compressor impeller failure.And it is concealed and destructive.This paper summarizes the main theories of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue and its latest developments,and it also points out that existing stress corrosion cracking theories can be reduced to the anodic dissolution(AD),the hydrogen-induced cracking(HIC),and the combined AD and HIC mechanisms.The corrosion behavior and the mechanism of corrosion fatigue in the crack propagation stage are similar to stress corrosion cracking.The effects of stress ratio,loading frequency,and corrosive medium on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation rate are analyzed and summarized.The corrosion behavior and the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in corrosive environments,which contain sulfide,chlorides,and carbonate,are analyzed.The working environments of the centrifugal compressor impeller show the behavior and the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in different corrosive environments.The current research methods for centrifugal compressor impeller corrosion failure are analyzed.Physical analysis,numerical simulation,and the fluid-structure interaction method play an increasingly important role in the research on impeller deformation and stress distribution caused by the joint action of aerodynamic load and centrifugal load.     

Corrosion fatigue of steel under cavitation erosion generated intermittently in 3% salt water (results of two-stage tests with and without cavitation erosion)

Two-stage fatigue tests with and without cavitation erosion were performed in 3% salt water. When corrosion fatigue with cavitation erosion (erosion fatigue) is changed to corrosion fatigue during a test, the fatigue life decreases remarkably and the total number of stress cycles to failure becomes smaller than that for tests involving erosion fatigue only. In the reverse case, when corrosion fatigue conditions are changed to erosion fatigue conditions, the fatigue life increases slightly compared with the life expected from the linear damage law (Miner's law). The variation in fatigue strength can be explained by the characteristics of crack propagation in each environment. From these results, it is presumed that the corrosion fatigue strength of the material exposed intermittently to cavitation erosion decreases remarkably.