共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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双组分调控系统(two-component regulatory system,TCS)是维持细菌在压力环境中存活的重要结构。食品加工过程极易产生高渗、弱酸等压力环境,双组分系统能够帮助细菌感受外部环境的胁迫,及时动员体内对抗机制,这一过程容易产生耐酸、耐渗透压、耐高温甚至是高毒性的菌株,威胁食品安全。本文主要对TCS的结构组成、识别信号及调控作用等进行概述,并与细菌诱导耐酸响应(acid tolerance response,ATR)中的酸休克蛋白、细胞膜系统和氨基酸代谢等产生机制进行联系,综述了细菌在酸性条件下通过TCS响应信号分子激发ATR的具体过程。 相似文献
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目的 基于pH响应聚合物构建一种用于检测牛奶中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的比色传感器。方法 通过溶剂诱导法,使用酚酞、适配体、牛血清白蛋白制备pH响应聚合物,基于适配体对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的特异性结合与pH响应聚合物遇碱释放酚酞的比色反应建立鼠伤寒沙门氏菌比色检测方法,优化反应条件,并将其用于检测牛奶。结果 该传感器在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌液浓度102~107 CFU/mL范围内与吸光度呈现良好的线性关系,线性系数为0.982,检出限可达52 CFU/mL。将此法用于牛奶中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检测,加标回收率为83.2%~102.0%。结论 该方法操作简便、结果可视化,为牛奶中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的快速检测提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
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生物质厌氧发酵产氢过程中积累的大量酸性物质,会对厌氧微生物产生抑制作用,进而制约氢气的持续产生。作者采用不同浓度丁酸对污泥进行胁迫,结果表明:当丁酸胁迫质量浓度为6g/L时,污泥厌氧发酵过程中丁酸、乙酸以及氢气产量最高,分别达到1 071mmol/mol,462mmol/mol和3 690mL/mol,比对照组分别提高了110%,54%和65%;此外,产氢过程中谷氨酸脱羧酶(glutamic acid decarboxylase,GAD)、脱氢酶以及DNA总量活性最高达到11.6μmol/(g·TS·h),6 982.12μg TF/(g.TS.h),14.72ng/mL,相对于对照组分别提高了48%,50%,10.7%;同时,经过酸胁迫后,厌氧污泥胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric sub-stances,EPS)含量有明显提高,与空白对照组相比松散型多糖和蛋白质以及紧密型多糖和蛋白质分别提高了147%,34.8%,35%,21.6%。因此,适宜浓度的丁酸胁迫可激发厌氧污泥的相关耐酸响应机制(Acid tolerance response,ATR),进而提高污泥的耐酸性能,并最终提高厌氧产氢效率。 相似文献
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人类常常因误食被猪霍乱沙门氏菌感染的食物而引发中毒。因此,急需构建适用于快速、灵敏检测食物中猪霍乱沙门氏菌污染的新方法。鉴于此,本文构建了一种pH响应比色酶联免疫吸附法灵敏检测牛奶中猪霍乱沙门氏菌。该方法利用葡萄糖氧化酶催化底物葡萄糖产生葡萄糖酸,导致溶液pH下降,进而引发溴甲酚紫(Bromocresol purple,BCP)溶液颜色由紫色变成亮黄色,随后通过记录BCP颜色变化(OD430/OD590)实现目标菌的定量检测。当菌浓度为2.54×103~6.17×105 CFU/mL,该方法定量检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌可用方程一表述:y1=0.1051ln (x)+0.7024(R2=0.7513);当菌浓度为6.17×105~1.67×107 CFU/mL,该方法定量检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌可用方程二表述:y2=1.3216ln (x)-15.797(R2=0.9711);当菌浓度大于1.67×107 CFU/mL时,BCP溶液呈现明显亮黄色,OD430/OD590值趋于稳定,无法实现猪霍乱沙门氏菌定量检测。将六个不同浓度的猪霍乱沙门氏菌(2.5×103~5.6×106 CFU/mL)加标至牛奶中,检测结果显示回收率介于72.16%~103.58%,相对标准偏差介于7.54%~15.30%。总之,本研究所构建的比色ELISA方法适用于牛奶中不同浓度的猪霍乱沙门氏菌快速、灵敏定量检测。 相似文献
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目的:探究酸胁迫和非酸胁迫条件下鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)的转录组反应,分析差异基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)表达水平,阐明酸胁迫影响鼠伤寒沙门氏菌耐酸反应(acid tolerance response,ATR)的相关代谢通路。方法:对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行酸胁迫处理,利用转录组测序技术和生物信息学分析相关DEGs,并通过实时聚合酶链式反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)进行验证。结果:经酸胁迫后,共筛选到683 个DEGs,其中上调343 个,下调340 个。其中涉及细胞运动、氨基酸代谢、细胞膜组成等通路上调能够使鼠伤寒沙门氏菌快速适应酸环境;碳水化合物代谢相关通路上调能够为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌快速适应酸环境提供更多的能量,与此同时,嘧啶代谢等能量代谢通路下调能够使鼠伤寒沙门氏菌降低能量消耗以维持上述的必需代谢过程;细菌应激调控相关通路上调赋予鼠伤寒沙门氏菌交叉保护抗性;鞭毛、外膜蛋白、脂多糖等毒力相关基因表达上调增强了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的毒力。real-time PCR验证结果与转录组测序分析表达趋势一致。结论:酸胁迫显著提高了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的耐酸能力,其中与代谢和细胞过程相关的通路发挥主要作用,本研究结果为进一步了解该菌的酸胁迫反应及更好地控制其在食品中的污染提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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GB4789.4-2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》方法中规定,待检样品需测定pH值,用1mol/mL无菌NaOH或HCl调pH值军6.8±0.2,但从前增菌液缓冲蛋白冻水(BPW)成分分析,发脱其中缓冲剂磷酸氯二钠和磷酸二氢钾正好构成了磷酸盐缓冲体系,可以自身通过调整电离方向达到电离平衡,从而维持了增菌液的pH值,这样低酸或低碱样品住加入BPW前就不用调pH值,实验论证了该理论成立的可能性,并说明了检测样品的pH值的范围及简化优点,致使低酸或低碱性性食品检测不需要调整pH值直接增菌检测沙门氏菌,简化了操作步骤,还避免调pH值引起的外界污染,达到操作简便、快捷的目的。 相似文献
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目的为了提升实验室的食品中沙门氏菌检测能力,增强实验室竞争能力,本实验室参加了中国食品药品检定研究院组织的NIFDC-PT-010食品中沙门氏菌检出能力验证。方法利用全自动免疫检测系统(VIDAS)对能力验证中的5个样品进行快速筛查,依据GB4789.4-2010沙门氏菌检验进行血清学试验,采用16S r DNA全序列分析、全自动微生物生化鉴定系统(VITEK2)和全自动微生物基因指纹鉴定系统(Ribo Printer)对分离出的疑似菌进行鉴定。结果编号为CODE 1的样品检出阿贡纳沙门氏菌和婴儿沙门氏菌,CODE 3检出蒙得维的亚沙门氏菌,CODE 5检出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,CODE 2和CODE 4未检出。结论 5个样品测试均取得优秀的结果。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(11):1915-1924
ABSTRACTSalmonella can enter animal stocks via feedstuffs, thus posing not only an infection risk for animals, but also threatening to contaminate food of animal origin and finally humans. Salmonella contamination in feedstuffs is still a recurring and serious issue in animal production (especially for the poultry sector), and is regularly detected upon self-monitoring by feed companies (self-checks) and official inspections authorities. Operators within the feed chain in certain cases need to use hygienic condition enhancers, such as organic acids, to improve the quality of feed for animal nutrition, providing additional guarantees for the protection of animal and public health. The present study investigated the efficiencies of five organic acid preparations. The acid products were added to three different feed materials contaminated with Salmonella (contamination occurred by recontamination in the course of the production process) at seven different inclusion rates (1–7%) and analysed after 1, 2, and 7 days’ exposure time using culture method (tenfold analysis). A reliable standard was established for defining a successful decontamination under the prevailing test conditions: 10 Salmonella-negative results out of 10 tested samples (0/10: i.e. 0 positive samples and 10 negative samples). The results demonstrated that the tested preparations showed significant differences with regard to the reduction in Salmonella contamination. At an inclusion rate of 7% of the feed materials, two out of five acid preparations showed an insufficient, very small, decontamination effect, whereas two others had a relatively large partial effect. Reliable decontamination was demonstrated only for one acid preparation, however, subject to the use of the highest acid concentration. 相似文献
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Elaine N. G. Silva Rogeria C.C. Almeida Ana Cláudia L. Figueiredo Fernanda A. Miranda 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2012,47(9):1819-1825
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium lactate and sodium propionate, both in combination with sodium acetate, on strains of Listeria monocytogenes in artificially inoculated soft cheeses. Minas Frescal and Coalho cheeses, inoculated with a mix of L. monocytogenes 1/2a and Scott A, underwent two treatments: 2% (w/v) sodium lactate in combination with 0.25% (w/v) sodium acetate and 2% (w/v) sodium propionate in combination with 0.25% (w/v) sodium acetate. The samples were analysed immediately and after 7 days at 10 °C. The growth of the pathogen was inhibited in cheeses containing the salts of organic acids, and the effects of treatment were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the types of treatment applied. Our data demonstrate that the effectiveness of the salts of organic acids depended on the initial concentration of L. monocytogenes and that a higher concentration of the salts is necessary to ensure sustained inactivation of target pathogens because they are weakly antilisterial when the soft cheeses are stored at 10 °C. 相似文献
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P. DIAKOU A. MOING L. SVANELLA N. OLLAT D.B. ROLIN M. GAUDILLERE J.P. GAUDILLERE 《Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research》1997,3(3):1-10
The winegrape cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and the tablegrape cv. Gora Chirine (both Vitis vinifera L.) differ in the acidity of their berry juice. The changes in pH, titratable acidity and the concentration of compounds of the berry juice were measured from 20–30 d before veraison to harvest on plants cultivated in the glasshouse. The difference in acidity between the juice of the two varieties appeared before veraison. At harvest, the berry juice of Gora Chirine had a pH of 5.2 and titratable acidity (TA) of 32 meq/L while that of Cabernet Sauvignon had a pH of 3.2 and TA of 150 meq/L. To evaluate cellular compartmentation in the berry pericarp, vacuolar pH was measured on intact berries at two growth stages, using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Vacuolar pH did not differ significantly between the two cvs. The lower TA of Gora Chirine juice could be attributed to lower concentrations of all three major acids, malic, tartaric and citric, and to a higher concentration of potassium. At veraison, the malic acid concentration in the berry juice of Cabernet Sauvignon was about seven times higher than that of Gora Chirine. The accumulation of hexoses, especially glucose, occurred earlier during the berry growth cycle in Gora Chirine than in Cabernet Sauvignon. The osmotic potential of the Gora Chirine juice, before veraison, was lower than could have been expected because of low acidity. This was due to the compensatory effect of early accumulation of glucose. Amino acid concentration was significantly higher in Gora Chirine than in Cabernet Sauvignon, especially just before veraison. The role of organic acids in berry acidity and osmotic potential, and various metabolic processes that may lead to the difference in organic acid concentration, are discussed. 相似文献
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为探究pmrA基因对酸胁迫鼠伤寒沙门氏菌生物膜形成能力的影响,以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌野生株(WT)和pmrA基因缺失株(ΔpmrA)为研究对象,对其诱导耐酸能力、菌株特性、生物膜形成能力以及影响生物膜形成的内在因素进行研究。结果:pH 5.4胁迫后ΔpmrA的诱导耐酸能力为WT的53.92%;生物膜培养至第4天,经酸胁迫(pH 5.4)后ΔpmrA的生物膜形成量仅为WT的54.68%;经酸胁迫后,ΔpmrA的泳动能力、疏水性分别为WT的35.20%,59.10%;ΔpmrA经酸胁迫后其生物膜代谢活性、胞外多糖和蛋白的生物合成量与未酸胁迫处理相比虽有一定程度升高,但仍显著低于酸胁迫后的WT(P < 0.05),同时酸胁迫后pmrA基因缺失株生物膜的三维立体结构仍较为分散,且膜内活细胞数量显著低于WT。结论:pmrA基因与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的耐酸能力及生物膜形成能力密切相关。 相似文献
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阐述了食品安全和安全食品的概念,讨论了安全食品分级分类,分析了近年来中国安全食品的发展现状和存在的问题,并对今后中国安全食品的发展提出了意见和建议。 相似文献
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Jorge Miguel Garcia 《Food Reviews International》2017,33(4):424-446
The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the current knowledge of the differences between organic and conventional production regarding food safety. In general, it would appear that microbiological safety and contaminants from environmental and natural sources are greatly influenced by other factors rather than totally independent of the production system per se. Claims that organic food is safer than conventional food have not yet been supported by definitive scientific research and, therefore, it can be concluded that the premium price of organic food may only be justifiable by factors other than food safety. 相似文献
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