陕西省典型冷冻食品中大肠杆菌的分子特征及耐药性检测

为了解冷冻食品中大肠杆菌污染情况,分析其潜在的食品安全问题,从陕西省4市（宝鸡、咸阳、西安和渭南）共收集冷冻食品样品360份（120份速冻水饺和240份冰淇淋）。通过选择培养和聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定。然后对分离株进行21种毒力基因、23种耐药基因、15种抗生素耐药性检测及种群分型。360份样品中大肠杆菌污染率为13.6%(49/360),其中5份样品（10.2%,5/49）大肠菌群计数超过100 CFU/g。21种被检毒力基因中有9种毒力基因被检出,以肠外致病性大肠杆菌相关基因FyuA和iss的检出率最高（均为14.3%,7/49）。药敏结果显示,菌株对β-内酰胺类抗生素和叶酸代谢抑制剂的耐药最为普遍（均为98.0%,48/49）,其次为四环素（20.4%,10/49）。其中β-内酰胺类主要编码基因为blaCTX,四环素主要编码基因为tetA。研究还发现1株分离株携带多黏菌素类抗性基因mcr-9。此外,20.4%的菌株为多重耐药菌株,最多可对13种抗生素耐药。所有分离株共有4种系统发育群（A、B1、C和F）,A群...     

牦牛屠宰中金黄色葡萄球菌分离菌株的流行特征

为研究牦牛屠宰过程中金黄色葡萄球菌分离菌株的流行特征,本实验选取成都市某牦牛屠宰场采集样品共计150份,采用Baird-Parker选择性培养基初步筛选出金黄色葡萄球菌疑似菌株,通过聚合酶链式反应检测携带金黄色葡萄球菌特有耐热核酸酶基因的菌株。进一步检测分离菌株21种肠毒素基因、6种毒力基因、4种耐消毒剂基因以及14种耐药基因的携带情况。并采用K-B纸片扩散法检测菌株对24种抗生素的耐药表型。结果表明,从150份牦牛屠宰场采集到的样品中,检出金黄色葡萄球菌67株,检出率为44.67%,其中牦牛胴体拭子和环境拭子采样中金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率较高,分别为56.67%和51.61%;分离菌株中共检出12种肠毒素基因,其中selx、seu和sej基因的检出率高;分离菌株检测出溶血毒素基因、杀白细胞素基因以及qacA/B、qacG、qacH等耐消毒剂基因;有11种耐药基因检测出阳性条带,其中,耐甲氧西林基因mecA检出率为62.69%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aac6’/aph2’)和大环内脂类耐药基因(ermA、ermB)的检出率较高。K-B纸片扩散法对67株分离菌株进行24种抗生素的药敏实验结果表明大部分受试菌株存在多重耐药性。本实验通过对牦牛屠宰过程金黄色葡萄球菌流行特征进行调查,发现牦牛屠宰环节存在携带毒力基因且多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的污染,有可能进入食物链对消费者健康存在潜在威胁,研究结果为评价牦牛屠宰环节金黄色葡萄球菌安全风险提供参考依据。     

金黄色葡萄球菌ST398-t571型在陕西生猪屠宰场的流行传播及其耐药性分析

目的 调查陕西省某生猪屠宰场ST398-t571型金黄色葡萄球菌的流行情况及耐药性。方法 本研究对陕西省某生猪屠宰链及屠宰场内部环境共采集485份样品。使用常规检测方法和分子生物学技术对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,然后对分离株进行分子分型鉴定和对15种抗菌药物进行耐药性试验;并对其进行26种毒力基因和13种耐药基因的检测。结果 样品中共分离出62株金黄色葡萄球菌,总分离率为12.8%;其中ST398-t571型分离株为优势克隆型,占90.3%(56/62)。耐药试验结果显示,所有受试菌株均对苯唑西林、阿米卡星、万古霉素和头孢噻肟敏感,对其余的抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性。26种毒力基因中11种毒力基因(seb、seg、sei、sek、sen、seq、lukD、lukE、lukF-PV、lukS-PV、sasG)被检出。13种被检耐药基因除万古霉素耐药基因vanA基因外均有检出。结论 屠宰场生猪屠宰链普遍存在以ST398-t571型为主的金黄色葡萄球菌污染,不同批次分离株基因携带情况存在一定差异且菌株存在较为严重的耐药性。     

上海进口水产品中副溶血性弧菌耐药性、毒力基因和遗传特征

为研究上海进口水产品中副溶血性弧菌的耐药性、关键毒力基因携带情况以及遗传进化关系，为其科学预警和溯源提供数据支持，针对2017—2019年从上海口岸进口水产品中分离的68?株副溶血性弧菌，分析其抗生素敏感性、关键毒力基因携带情况和多位点序列分型。副溶血性弧菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高（98.53%），对其余抗生素耐药率相对较低，对左氧氟沙星和氯霉素均敏感。对9?种抗生素中介耐药，其中氨基糖苷类、哌拉西林、环丙沙星和头孢西丁中介耐药率较高。20.59%菌株耐2?种及以上抗生素。发现1?株携带trh，均不携带tdh。共鉴定出65?种ST型，其中52?种为新发现ST型。未发现菌株地域来源、食品类型与ST型之间存在明显关联，但在不同时间同一国家同种类型食品中发现相同独特ST型菌株。上海地区进口水产品中副溶血性弧菌遗传高度多样，存在中介耐药和多重耐药现象，存在高致病潜力菌株，需要引起重视。     

肉鸡屠宰生产链中沙门氏菌耐药基因检测与耐药相关性分析

目的:了解肉鸡屠宰生产链沙门氏菌耐药性与耐药基因的相关性。方法:采用纸片扩散法对肉鸡屠宰生产链分离鉴定的72株沙门氏菌进行10种抗生素敏感性实验;采用PCR方法检测耐药沙门氏菌相应的耐药基因。结果:72株肉鸡屠宰生产链中沙门氏菌对萘啶酸(100%)的耐药率最高;对氨苄西林、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑、环丙沙星、四环素、庆大霉素耐药率分别为69.44%、54.17%、38.89%、34.72%、13.89%。72株沙门氏菌中有67株至少含有一种耐药基因,bla TEM、bla CMY-2、sul2、sul3、tet B和tet C耐药基因较为普遍,其耐药菌bla TEM、bla CMY-2、sul2、sul3、tet B和tet C基因检出率分别为96.08%、100%、94.87%、71.79%、78.38%和100%。结论:沙门氏菌对常见抗生素具有不同程度的耐药性,且耐药基因普遍存在于耐药菌株中,药敏实验结果与耐药基因检测结果有很高的一致性(≥75%)。     

新疆部分地区食源性大肠杆菌耐药性的研究

本研究对新疆乌鲁木齐、石河子、奎屯农贸市场以及超市的肉品、蔬菜、乳制品和即食食品中的大肠杆菌进行检测,从198份样品中分离出63株大肠杆菌。采用K-B法,对63株大肠杆菌进行17种抗生素敏感试验;采用PCR技术检测9种耐药基因。药敏结果表明,63株大肠杆菌对四环素(44.44%)、氨苄西林(39.68%)和萘啶酮酸(38.10%)耐药率较高,所有受试菌株对亚胺培南(0.00%)敏感性最强;肉品、蔬菜分离株对四环素(57.14%、52.94%)耐药性最强,乳源性分离株对氨苄西林(26.67%)耐药性最强,即食食品分离株对17种抗生素敏感;乌鲁木齐、奎屯、石河子分离株对四环素(65.00%、40.00%、32.14%)耐药率最高。PCR结果表明,耐药菌株中,sul2耐药基因检出率最高(75.00%),add B耐药基因的检出率最低(19.23%)。1重以上耐药菌株占总菌数的63.49%,3重以上耐药菌株占总菌数的39.68%。新疆地区食源性大肠杆菌多重耐药性比较严重。     

食品中克罗诺杆菌分离菌株生物被膜形成、耐药性及毒力基因检测

研究食品中克罗诺杆菌分离菌株的生物被膜形成、耐药性以及携带毒力基因情况。在成都市周边农贸市场和路边小摊采集食品样品129份,采用DFI 阪崎肠杆菌显色培养基分离克罗诺杆菌;通过16S rRNA序列比对分析鉴定分离菌株;采用试管法和微孔板法分析菌株生物被膜形成能力,同时研究温度对细菌成膜能力影响;采用纸片法检测分离菌株对18种抗生素的耐药性;采用PCR方法检测分离菌株携带cpa、hly、sip 和ompX毒力基因情况。结果发现从129份食品样本中共检出克罗诺杆菌43株,检出率为33.3%。43株克罗诺杆菌食品分离菌株的成膜率为90.7%,并且温度对细菌成膜影响明显。四种毒力基因中,ompX检出率为100%;cpa检出率为13.9%;hly检出率为11.6%;sip基因未检出。耐药表型检测发现43株克罗诺杆菌食品分离菌株对青霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、苯唑西林和杆菌肽B的耐药率为100%,对利福平的耐药率达97.7%;对红霉素的耐药率为7%;对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、四环素、氯霉素、亚胺培南、磺胺甲恶挫、呋喃妥因、头孢西丁、链霉素、阿米卡星、氧氟沙星等100%敏感。本研究表明克罗诺杆菌食品分离菌株具有较好的形成生物被膜能力,对常见的抗生素耐药率较高,并且分离菌株携带一定的毒力基因,对食品安全造成潜在威胁。     

食源性大肠杆菌O157毒力、耐药性及CRISPR分型分析

为深入了解食品源大肠杆菌O157的生物学特点,本研究对2014-2015年分离的39株大肠杆菌O157进行了PCR鉴定,毒力基因和耐药性检测,并利用规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)分型技术对菌株的遗传特性进行了分析。结果表明,39株菌株中有8株鉴定为O157:H7,31株为O157;检测的11种毒力基因中,eae存在于所有菌株中,stx2存在于82.50%菌株中,stx1未检出,其他毒力岛基因esp A、etp D、tir、tox B、iha和kat P携带率分别为92.31%、94.87%、87.18%、79.49%、69.23%和46.15%。药敏试验结果表明,菌株对四环素、复方新诺明、链霉素、氯霉素和氨苄西林等抗生素高度耐药,超过30%菌株具有多重耐药性。CRISPR分型结果表明菌株具有较高的遗传多样性,39株菌株中有33株存在CRISPR1位点,8株E.coli O157:H7产生了相同的CRISPR spacer图谱,而26株E.coli O157产生了13种spacer图谱。本研究为食源性疾病的监测、疾病溯源和流行病学研究提供重要的基础数据。     

自贡市肉及其制品中粪肠球菌耐药性毒力基因和多位点序列分析

目的了解四川省自贡市肉及其制品分离粪肠球菌的抗生素耐药性和携带毒力基因情况,以及多重耐药菌株的序列分型(ST)。方法 2013年4月17~21日对147份肉及其制品样品污染的粪肠球菌进行分离鉴定,使用全自动微生物鉴定仪对分离菌株的耐药性进行检验,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法检测分离到的粪肠球菌携带4种常见毒力基因的情况,并对多重耐药菌株进行多位点序列分型(MLST)研究。结果从147份肉及其制品样品中共分离到65株粪肠球菌,其中耐药菌株比例为58.5%(38/65);分离菌株对四环素的耐药率最高,为41.5%(27/65),对利福平、氯霉素和红霉素也均有较高的耐药率;分离菌株对高浓度链霉素和高浓度庆大霉素的耐药率分别达到了15.4%(10/65)和12.3%(8/65);未分离到对青霉素类(青霉素和氨苄西林)、糖肽类(万古霉素)和脂肽类(达托霉素)抗生素耐药的菌株。4种常见毒力基因(gel E、asa1、esp、cyl A)在65株分离株中均有携带,阳性率分别为56.9%(37/65)、21.5%(14/65)、9.2%(6/65)和7.7%(5/65)。14株多重耐药菌株共有9个MLST型别,包括4株ST16、2株ST81和2株ST480菌株,且相同ST型别的粪肠球菌有相似的耐药谱和毒力基因携带情况。结论四川省自贡市肉及其制品中相同ST型别的粪肠球菌有相似的耐药谱和毒力基因携带情况,应重视肉及其制品中耐药粪肠球菌对公众健康的潜在威胁。     

陕西省某养猪场4种细菌耐药性和毒力基因检测

目的研究陕西省某养猪场4种细菌的耐药性和毒力基因流行状况。方法采用纸片扩散法测定2015—2016年从陕西省扶风县某养猪场分离的85株大肠埃希菌、93株肠球菌、33株沙门菌和7株金黄色葡萄球菌对14种抗生素的耐药性。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法检测肠球菌和沙门菌携带的部分耐药基因,以及肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌携带的毒力基因。结果 7株金黄色葡萄球菌均对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢哌酮和头孢西丁敏感,对萘啶酸的耐药率(100.00%,7/7)高于其他抗生素,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=54.77,P0.05)。33株沙门菌均对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢哌酮和头孢西丁敏感,对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑(100.00%,33/33)和四环素(96.97%,32/33)的耐药率高于其他9种抗生素,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.83,P0.05)。大肠埃希菌对四环素的耐药率(87.06%,74/85)高于其他13种抗生素,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.68,P0.05),对阿莫西林/克拉维酸和头孢西丁的耐药率较低。肠球菌对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率最高(97.85%,91/93)。肠球菌中aph(3′)-Ⅲ耐药基因的检出率最高(47.13%,41/87)。沙门菌中aadA1、aadA2耐药基因的检出率最高,均为84.85%(28/33)。肠球菌中毒力基因asal的检出率最高(50.57%,44/87)。金黄色葡萄球菌中sea、see和seb毒力基因的检出率分别为42.86%(3/7)、42.86%(3/7)和14.29%(1/7)。结论陕西省某养猪场中4种细菌的耐药现象较为严重,部分菌株携带常见毒力和耐药基因,需要进一步加强监测,科学使用抗生素,从源头上保障猪肉食品的安全。     

Characterisation of Escherichia coli O157 strains from humans, cattle and pigs in the North-West Province, South Africa

Escherichia coli O157 strains cause diseases in humans that result from the consumption of food and water contaminated with faeces of infected animals and/or individuals. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterise E. coli O157 strains from humans, cattle and pigs and to determine their antibiotic resistant profiles as well as detection of virulence genes by PCR. Eight hundred faecal samples were analysed for typical E. coli O157 and 76 isolates were positively identified as E. coli O157 strains. 16S rRNA sequence data were used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Susceptibility profiles to 9 antibiotics were determined and the multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) patterns were compiled. A large proportion (52.6%-92.1%) of the isolates from pigs, cattle and humans were resistant to tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and erythromycin. Thus the phenotype Smx-T-E (sulphamethozaxole-tetracycline-erythromycin) was present in most of the predominant MAR phenotypes obtained. Cluster analysis of antibiotic resistances revealed a closer relationship between isolates from pig and human faeces than cattle and humans. PCR were performed to amplify STEC virulence and tetracycline resistance gene fragments. A tetB gene fragment was amplified among the isolates. Eighteen (60%) of the isolates possessed the hlyA gene and 7(23.3%) the eae gene while only 5(16.7%) possessed both genes. Although shiga toxin genes were detected in the E. coli O157:H7 positive control strain none of the isolates that were screened possessed these genes. In a related study we reported that the prevalence of E. coli O157 was higher in pigs than cattle and humans. A high market demand for pork and beef in South Africa amplifies the risk that diseased animals pose to human health. This highlighted the need for proper hygiene management to reduce the prevalence of E. coli O157 in farm animals and prevent the spread from animals to humans.     

奶牛场采奶环节大肠埃希氏菌分离鉴定及对抗生素和消毒剂的抗性分析

为了解奶牛场采奶过程中大肠埃希氏菌污染状况、菌株所携带毒力基因及其对抗生素和消毒剂抗性.选择成都市某奶牛场随机采集655份样品,对致病性大肠埃希氏菌进行分离鉴定,并检测分离株携带的毒力基因、耐药基因以及抗消毒剂基因,筛选出毒力强菌株,分别检测菌株对抗生素和消毒剂的敏感性.结果 表明,一共分离得到249株大肠埃希氏菌,鉴...     

Effects of slaughter processes on pig carcass contamination by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7

The aims of the present study were: (i) to evaluate verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) faecal carriage of slaughtered pigs; (ii) to determine the effects of three different pig slaughtering processes on pig carcass contamination by VTEC; (iii) to characterise the VTEC strains isolated from pig and pig slaughterhouses (virulence genes and serotype); and (iv) to compare the strains isolated in the same slaughterhouse in order to identify the routes of contamination inside the slaughterhouse. Pork carcasses from three French slaughterhouses were sampled at three steps of the slaughter process and different sites in each slaughterhouse were sampled at three different times in the work day. Faecal material from each sampled carcass, potable water and scalding water were also collected. Detection of stx genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a total of 1227 samples. In addition, a second PCR specific for E. coli O157:H7 detection was carried out on the stx-positive samples. VTEC strains were recovered from positive samples by colony hybridisation or immunoconcentration, then serotyped, genetically characterised (eae, ehx, stx1, stx2, stx2c, uidA genes associated with virulence) and pulsotyped. No E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the three uidA-positive samples. VTEC faecal carriage was 31%. Global carcass contamination decreased with slaughter process (from 46% to 15%), whereas environmental contamination increased (from 7% to 29%). No VTEC isolates harboured eae, ehx, and uidA genes. VTEC contamination routes were not clearly identified.     

Occurrence and resistance to antibiotics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in animals and meat in northeastern Italy

A study was carried out in northeastern Italy during 2000 and 2001 to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in animals, cattle, pigs, and broilers, and raw meat, beef, pork, and chicken. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 53.9% of the cattle, 63.5% of the pigs, and 82.9% of the broilers examined. Chicken meat was frequently contaminated (81.3%), while lower rates were found in pork meat (10.3%) and beef (1.3%). The resistance to antibiotics of the strains was also investigated, and compared to that of human clinical isolates. C. coli was generally more resistant than C. jejuni. Resistance to quinolones was frequently observed in C. coli isolated in chicken meat (78.6%); slightly lower rates were found in C. jejuni isolated in broilers (42.2%), chicken meat (52.8%), and humans (38.2%). C. coli was also frequently resistant to tetracycline in all sources, while resistance to streptomycin was most frequently observed in pig isolates (89.4%).     

High prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli from animals at slaughter: a food safety risk

BACKGROUND: There has been concern about the increase of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and protection of animal and public health, along with food safety. In the present study, we evaluate the incidence of antimicrobial resistance among 192 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from faecal samples of healthy food‐producing animals at slaughter in Portugal. RESULTS: Ninety‐seven % of the pig isolates, 74% from sheep and 55% from cattle were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, with the resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole the most common phenotype detected. Genes encoding resistance to antimicrobial agents were detected in most of the resistant isolates. Ninety‐three % of the resistant isolates were included in the A or B1 phylogenetic groups, and the virulence gene fimA (alone or in association with papC or aer genes) was detected in 137 of the resistant isolates. Five isolates from pigs belonging to phylogroup B2 and D were resistant to five different antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION: Our data shows a high percentage of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals, and raises important questions in the potential impact of antibiotic use in animals and the possible transmission of resistant bacteria to humans through the food chain. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Escherichia coli O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in fecal samples of finished pigs at slaughter in Switzerland

Fecal samples from 630 slaughtered finisher pigs were examined by PCR to assess the shedding of Escherichia coli O157 (rfbE) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC, stx). The proportion of positive samples was 7.5% for rfbE and 22% for stx. By colony hybridization, 31 E. coli O157 and 45 STEC strains were isolated, and these strains were further characterized by phenotypic and genotypic traits. Among E. coli O157 strains, 30 were sorbitol positive, 30 had an H type other than H7, and none harbored stx genes. Intimin (eae), enterohemolysin (ehxA), EAST1 (astA), and porcine A/E-associated protein (paa) were present in 10, 3, 26, and 6% of strains. Among them, one eae-gamma1-positive O157:H7 strain testing positive for ehxA and astA and two eae-alpha1-positive O157:H45 strains were classified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The O157:H45 EPEC harbored the EAF plasmid and the bfpA gene, factors characteristic for typical EPEC. The isolated STEC strains (43 sorbitol positive) belonged to 11 O:H serotypes, including three previously reported in human STEC causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (O9:H-, O26:H-, and O103:H2). All but one strain harbored stx2e. The eae and ehxA genes, which are strongly correlated with human disease, were present in only one O103:H2 strain positive for stx1 and paa, whereas the astA gene was found more frequently (14 strains). High prevalence of STEC was found among finisher pigs, but according to the virulence factors the majority of these strains seem to be of low virulence.     

Safety of raw meat and shellfish in Vietnam: an analysis of Escherichia coli isolations for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes

This study was conducted to examine a current baseline profile of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli isolated from foods commonly sold in the market place in Vietnam. E. coli were isolated from 180 samples of raw meat, poultry and shellfish and also isolated from 43 chicken faeces samples. Ninety-nine E. coli isolates recovered from all sources were selected for the investigation of their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. Eighty-four percent of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics, and multi-resistance, defined as resistance to at least 3 different classes of antibiotics, was detected in all sources. The rates of multi-resistance were up to 89.5% in chicken, 95% in chicken faeces and 75% in pork isolates. Resistance was most frequently observed to tetracycline (77.8%), sulfafurazole (60.6%), ampicillin (50.5%), amoxicillin (50.5%), trimethoprim (51.5%), chloramphenicol (43.4%), streptomycin (39.4%), nalidixic acid (34.3%) and gentamicin (24.2%). In addition, the isolates also displayed resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin 16.2%, norfloxacin 17.2%, and enrofloxacin 21.2%), with chicken isolates showing the highest rates of resistance to these antibiotics (52.6-63.2%). Thirty-eight multi-resistant isolates were selected for further the examination of antibiotic resistance genes and were also evaluated for virulence gene profiles by multiplex and uniplex polymerase chain reaction. The beta-lactam TEM gene and tetracycline resistance tetA, tetB genes were frequently detected in the tested isolates (84.2% and 89.5% respectively). Genes which are responsible for resistance to streptomycin (aadA) (68.4%), chloramphenicol (cmlA) (42.1%), sulfonamides (sulI) (39.5%), trimethoprim (dhfrV) (26.3%) and kanamycin (aphA-1) (23.7%) were also widely distributed. Plasmid-mediated ampC genes were detected in E. coli isolates from chicken and pork. The isolates were tested for the presence of 58 virulence genes for adhesins, toxins, capsule synthesis, siderophores, invasins and others from different E. coli pathotypes. All of the tested isolates contained at least one virulence gene and there were 16 genes detected. Virulence genes detected were fimH (92.1%), bmaE (84.2%), TSPE4.C2 (42.1%), aidA AIDA-I (orfB) (31.6%), east1 (26.3%), traT (23.7%), and others including fyuA, iutA, chuA, yjaA, iss, iroN(E. coli), ibeA, aah (orfA), iha and papG allele III (10.5-2.6%). Typical toxin genes produced by enterohemorrhagic and enterotoxigenic E. coli pathotypes (a heat-stable toxin (ST), heat-labile toxin (LT) and Shiga toxin stx1, stx2) were not detected in any of these 38 isolates. The study has revealed that E. coli in raw foods is a significant reservoir of resistance and virulence genes.     

动物性食品源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮的耐药机制研究

本研究以动物性食品源大肠杆菌为研究对象,采用琼脂二倍稀释法调查菌株对抗生素的药物敏感性,通过PCR扩增及产物测序检测质粒介导喹诺酮耐药(PMQR)基因的分布以及喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)靶基因突变,旨在更好的了解食源性大肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物产生耐药性的分子机制。645份动物性食品样品中共检出大肠杆菌179株,总检出率为27.7%。179株动物性食品源大肠杆菌对15种抗生素均表现出不同程度的耐药性,其中对四环素、链霉素、萘啶酸和复方新诺明的耐药水平较高。PMQR基因阳性菌株共14株,占受试菌株的7.8%,其中有11株能通过接合转移将PMQR基因转移至受体菌中。QRDR靶位突变在PMQR阳性菌株中普遍存在,介导菌株对喹诺酮的高水平耐药。研究结果表明,动物性食品可能成为耐药菌株的潜在"蓄水池",并通过食物链将耐药性传递给人类,从而引起人类的感染以及耐药菌株的流行。