Mobility and QoS Support in Mobile IP Networks

1　IntroductionAnall IP basedmobilenetworksuchas 4G ,whoseaccessandcorenetworksarebasedonIP ,hasintrinsicadvantagesoverits predecessors.Forstarters ,IPiscompatiblewith ,andindependentof,theactualradioaccesstechnology .WithIP ,onecanbasicallygetridofthelock inbetweenthecorenet workprotocol,thelinklayerandtheradioaccessprotocol.IPtoleratesavarietyofradioaccessproto cols.Itsupportsthedesignofacorenetworkthatgivescompleteflexibilitynomatterwhattheradioaccessnetworkis.Onecouldbeacorenetworkpro…     

Policy Based Mobility &; Flow Management for IPv6 Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

We propose a dynamic mobility management framework for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) and policy enforcement enabled heterogenous wireless networks. Policies and policy rules are defined depending on network infrastructure facilities, service agreements and negotiation results. Each traffic is coupled with an identifiable traffic flow while the heterogenous interface flow bindings are regulated by polices. The network selection, flow distribution, handovers and mobility procedures are flexible and we propose to improve the decision making via Multiple Attributes Decision Making (MADM). Techniques considered in the framework include the IPv6 based Network Mobility (NEMO), multihoming capability, transparent vertical handovers, horizontal handovers and dynamic policy enforcement matching process to improve the Quality of Service (QoS), Quality of Experience (QoE) and ubiquitous connectivity. A experiment testbed and simulation models have been constructed to verify the mobility framework performance in a heterogeneous WiFi, WiMax and UMTS hybrid environment.     

融合网络宽带IP互动电视技术方案设计

介绍了以Mediaroom平台技术为核心的一种融合网络宽带IP互动电视技术.文章从总体结构、逻辑结构、可伸缩性、安全和部署方式等5个角度对技术方案进行了重点阐述.文章最后分析了本方案在网络、业务开发和兼容互联网业务等3个方面满足三网融合的需求.     

烽火网络IPv6网络解决方案

首先简要地介绍了IPv6,之后说明了烽火网络公司的IPv6网络解决方案,并对该方案进行了较为详细的分析。     

基于MPLS的移动IP网络的移动性支持：平滑切换与路由优化

为了减小基于MPLS的移动IP网络的信令开销、切换时延和切换丢包,人们提出了一种称为LSP扩展的移动性管理机制。LSP扩展存在两个问题：一是扩展的LSP可能存在环路;二是需要定义中止LSP扩展的准则。针对上述问题,该文首先给出了LSP扩展的环路消除技术,然后定义了中止扩展LSP的准则,即用户信息和信令信息代价函数;并理论分析了用户信息和信令信息代价函数的计算过程,讨论了如何通过该代价函数中止扩展LSP。性能分析结果表明,根据该准则中止扩展LSP能在较大程度上减小LSP扩展机制的开销。     

电路交换网和IP网融合的解决方案

本文从网络演进的角度,根据下一代网络(NGN)的发展目标,结合当前运营商的实际需要,详细地描述了电路交换网(PSTN、ISDN、IN及No.7信令网)和IP网之间的融合基于软交换技术的解决方案,以期待对运营商下一代网络的规划、设计与建设有一定的参考作用。     

Integrated Mobility Management Methods for Mobile IP and SIP in IP based Wireless Data Networks

With developments in voice over IP (VoIP), IP-based wireless data networks and their application services have received increased attention. While multimedia applications of mobile nodes are served by Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as a signaling protocol, the mobility of mobile nodes may be supported via Mobile IP protocol. For a mobile node that uses both Mobile IP and SIP, there is a severe redundant registration overhead because the mobile node has to make location registration separately to a home agent for Mobile IP and to a home registrar for SIP, respectively. Therefore, we propose two new schemes that integrate mobility management functionality in Mobile IP and SIP. We show performance comparisons among the previous method, which makes separate registration for Mobile IP and SIP without integration, and our two integrated methods. Numerical results show that the proposed methods efficiently reduce the amount of signaling messages and delay time related to the idle handoff and the active handoff.     

Mobility Management Approaches for Mobile IP Networks: Performance Comparison and Use Recommendations

In wireless networks, efficient management of mobility is a crucial issue to support mobile users. The Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) has been proposed to support global mobility in IP networks. Several mobility management strategies have been proposed which aim reducing the signaling traffic related to the Mobile Terminals (MTs) registration with the Home Agents (HAs) whenever their Care-of-Addresses (CoAs) change. They use different Foreign Agents (FAs) and Gateway FAs (GFAs) hierarchies to concentrate the registration processes. For high-mobility MTs, the Hierarchical MIP (HMIP) and Dynamic HMIP (DHMIP) strategies localize the registration in FAs and GFAs, yielding to high-mobility signaling. The Multicast HMIP strategy limits the registration processes in the GFAs. For high-mobility MTs, it provides lowest mobility signaling delay compared to the HMIP and DHMIP approaches. However, it is resource consuming strategy unless for frequent MT mobility. Hence, we propose an analytic model to evaluate the mean signaling delay and the mean bandwidth per call according to the type of MT mobility. In our analysis, the MHMIP outperforms the DHMIP and MIP strategies in almost all the studied cases. The main contribution of this paper is the analytic model that allows the mobility management approaches performance evaluation.     

PMIPv6与MIH相结合的异构网切换方案及其性能分析

分析了PMIPv6的切换延迟,介绍了PMIPv6使用MIH（Media Independent Handover）提供异构网之间低的包丢失与低延时的无缝切换方案,其性能分析结果显示了该方案的有效性。     

A Mobility Solution for Hazardous Areas Based on 6LoWPAN

In a critical environment, e.g. in a factory where an employee faces hazardous conditions, monitoring the health status of the employee is important. Thus, continuous connectivity of the employee to the network is the main concern of such networks. In this paper, we have proposed a decentralized approach for mobility management of mobile nodes in hazardous areas like factory. The proposed mobility structure for hazardous areas, called MSHA, organizes static nodes as a tree for an efficient routing, automatic addressing, and handling movement of mobile nodes. MSHA is capable of handling multiple failures of static nodes which disconnect a mobile node from the network. MSHA is highly scalable regarding the number of mobile nodes and the size of the covered monitoring area. The proposed scheme is evaluated based on different factors. The results reveal the superiority of MSHA compared with the previous works. The promising analytical results manifest the performance (about 20%) of MSHA specifically in reducing packet loss and hand-off delay caused by the failure of the static nodes. The performance does not degrade with increasing the number of mobile nodes.     

Enhancing QoS of Mobile Devices by a New Handover Process in PMIPv6 Networks

The handover processes in present IP mobility management protocols incur significant latency, thus aggravating QoS of consumer devices. In this paper, we introduce an enhanced handover process for the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol, which is a recently developed IP mobility management protocol aiming at providing network-based mobility support. The proposed handover process further improves handover performance of PMIPv6 by allowing a new access network obtains handover context before a consumer??s mobile node (MN) moves to the new access network. Data packets destined for the MN are buffered to prevent packet loss and immediately delivered to the MN as the MN moves to the new access network. We evaluate the handover latency and data packet loss of the proposed handover process compared to the basic one of PMIPv6. The conducted analysis results confirm that the proposed handover process yields the reduced handover latency compared to that of the basic PMIPv6 and also prevents data packet loss. We moreover evaluate the buffering cost of the proposed handover process.     

Multicast Flow Aggregation in IP over Optical Networks

It is widely believed that IP over optical networks will be a major component of the next generation Internet However, it is not efficient to map a single multicast IP flow into one light-tree, since the bandwidth of an IP flow required is usually much less than that of a light-tree. In this paper, we study the problem of multicast flow aggregation (MFA) in the IP over optical two-layered networks under the overlay model, which can be defined as follows: given a set of head ends (i.e. optical multicasting sources), each of which can provide a set of contents (i.e. multicast IP flows) with different required transmission bandwidth, and a set of requested content at the access routers (i.e. optical multicasting destinations), find a set of light-trees as well as the optimal aggregation of multicast IP flows in each light-tree. We model MFA by a tri-partite graph with multiple criteria and show that the problem is NP-complete. Optimal solutions are designed by exploiting MFA to formulate an integer linear programming (ILP), with two parameters: the multicast receiving index alpha and the redundant transmitting index beta. We also propose a heuristic algorithm. Finally, we compare the performance of MFA for different combination of alpha and beta via experiments and show our heuristic algorithm is effective for large-scale network in numerical results     

IP网络与电信网的互通

要进一步扩大IP技术的应用领域,就必须考虑IP网络与其它现有网络的互通。文章在研究和分析ITU-T新起草的Y.1410建议的基础上,研究了IP网络与电信网络的互通概念、互通参考模型、互通单元的功能要求及互通方案等方面的内容。     

Flow Routing and its Performance Analysis in Optical IP Networks

Optical packet-switching networks deploying buffering, wavelength conversion and multi-path routing have been extensively studied in recent years to provide high capacity transport for Internet traffic. However due to packet-based routing and switching, such a network could result in significant disorder and delay variation of packets when they are received by end users, thus increasing the burstiness of the Internet traffic and causing higher-layer protocol to malfunction. This paper addresses a novel routing and switching method for optical IP networks — flow routing, and its facilitating protocol. Flow routing deals with packet-flows to reduce flow corruption due to packet out-of-order, delay variation and packet loss, without using complicate control mechanism. Detailed performance analysis is given for output-buffered optical routers adopting flow routing. Two flow-oriented discarding techniques, i.e., flow discard (FD) and early flow discard (EFD), are discussed. Compared with optical packet-switching routers, a remarkable improvement of good-throughput is obtained in the optical flow-routers, especially under high congestion periods. We conclude that EFD behaves as a robust technique, which is more tolerant than FD to the change of traffic and transmission system factors.     

Design and experimental evaluation of OnDemand inter-domain mobility in SDN supported PMIPv6

Wireless Networks - The soaring number of mobile devices and their demands for enhanced services have forced operators to adopt locally software defined and globally distributed multi-domain...     

A Novel Mobility Management Scheme for Integration of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Fixed IP Networks

Integration of vehicular ad hoc network and fixed IP network is important to provide Internet connection and mobile data service for vehicles. However, the unique characteristics of vehicular networks, such as linear topology and constrained movements of vehicles, are not considered in the conventional mobility management schemes. Using conventional schemes, unnecessary management messages are generated and the connections to roadside-installed base stations are not fully utilized. As the results, bandwidth is wasted and data delivery ratio is not maximized. In this paper, we propose a novel mobility management scheme to integrate vehicular ad hoc network and fixed IP networks more efficiently. The proposed scheme manages mobility of vehicles based on street layout as well as the distance between vehicles and base stations. Utilizing the unique characteristics of vehicular networks, the proposed scheme has substantially less mobility management overhead and higher data delivery ratio. The proposed scheme is simulated by SUMO (a vehicular traffic simulator) and QualNet (a data network simulator). The simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduced the mobility management overhead up to 63% and improved the data delivery ratio up to 90%.     

SMS-MIPv6: An End-to-End Mechanism for IPv6 Mobility Management in Mobile Networks

As IP has been extended from core networks to access networks, a mobile network can be considered as an overlay of a traditional cellular network and an IP network. SMS-MIPv6 attempts to integrate mobility management of these two kinds of networks. The basic idea behind SMS-MIPv6 is to exploit existing mobility management in the cellular network (i.e. in the form of well-defined short messages) to locate a Mobile Terminal (MT) in the IPv6 network. We should emphasize that the motivation of SMS-MIPv6 is not to replace or optimize existing mature mobility management schemes. On the contrary, as an entirely end-to-end mechanism for IPv6 mobility management, it provides an alternative mechanism for free peer-to-peer applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP) without support from mobile network operators. We describe the implementation of SMS-MIPv6 in detail and analyze its performance. The evaluation results show that SMS-MIPv6 achieves acceptable performance so that it can be deployed in most current mobile networks. It performs best in terms of signaling cost, data traffic overhead compared with Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6). Moreover, SMS-MIPv6 can reduce the handover latency significantly, although it is considered as a mobility management scheme for global mobility. However, it increases the session initialization latency due to hybrid binding through the cellular network.     

Design and performance evaluation of a PMIPv6 solution for geonetworking-based VANETs

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are considered as the most suitable technology to provide vehicles with communication capabilities as a mean to improve road safety. Additionally, VANETs also open the market to non-safety applications where Internet connectivity is the main focus. Internet access from VANETs can be provided with the support of gateways located at the side of the roads, such that vehicles change their point of attachment to the Internet maintaining ongoing communications while they move. In this paper we tackle the problem of providing Internet access from VANETs combining the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) with the ETSI TC ITS GeoNetworking (GN) protocols. We study how to adapt PMIPv6 to the multi-hop ETSI TC ITS architecture. A key contribution of this work is the design and analysis of different mechanisms that can be applied to the solution to improve the overall performance. A detailed performance evaluation of the solution and the different mechanisms assessing their influence is conducted by means of simulation under real traffic traces of an important orbital highway of Madrid.