溶胶-凝胶制备的Al2O3涂层抗原子氧侵蚀性能研究

以异丙醇铝(Al(C3H7O)3)为先驱物,水为溶剂,HNO3做胶溶剂制得了稳定、均一的Al2O3溶胶,浸涂在聚酰亚胺和银薄膜表面干燥后获得了致密透明的涂层.采用空间综合环境地面模拟设备对试样进行了原子氧暴露实验.结果表明:溶胶-凝胶制备的Al2O3涂层抗原子氧侵蚀性能优异,抗原子氧侵蚀性能比聚酰亚胺基体提高了2个数量级以上.经FTIR和XPS分析表明:在原子氧暴露后涂层表面生成了一层Al2O3,阻止了原子氧对基体材料的进一步侵蚀.涂覆涂层后基体的光学性能没有受到影响.实验证明溶胶-凝胶制备抗原子氧侵蚀的防护涂层是一种行之有效的方法.它工艺简单,可涂覆形状复杂、大面积的器件.     

溶胶-凝胶制备的Al_2O_3-SiO_2复合陶瓷涂层抗原子氧侵蚀性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以异丙醇铝、正硅酸乙酯为原料制得了稳定、均一的溶胶,浸涂在聚酰亚胺表面干燥后获得了致密透明的涂层.采用空间综合环境地面模拟设备对试样进行了原子氧(Atomic Oxygen, AO)暴露实验.测试表明,溶胶-凝胶制备的Al_2O_3-SiO_2涂层抗原子氧侵蚀性能优异,抗原子氧侵蚀性能比聚酰亚胺基体提高了2个数量级以上.经原子氧暴露后的复合陶瓷涂层质量几乎没有发生变化.经FTIR和XPS分析表明,在原子氧暴露后涂层表面产生的是Al_2O_3-SiO_2复合物.SEM分析表明,无涂层的聚酰亚胺原子氧暴露后表面非常粗糙且表面呈现地毯状形貌,而涂覆涂层的试样暴露前后表面形貌没有发生变化.采用紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计对涂覆溶胶-凝胶复合陶瓷涂层后的试样分析表明原子氧暴露前后试样表面的光学性能也未发生变化.     

有机硅/二氧化硅杂化涂层抗原子氧侵蚀性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以一甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,乙醇为溶剂,盐酸为催化剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出分子级复合的SiO2杂化有机硅树脂,浸涂在聚酰亚胺表面干燥后获得了透明致密的涂层。采用自己研制的空间综合环境地面模拟设备对试样进行了原子氧暴露实验。测试表明,溶胶-凝胶制备的有机硅/SiO2涂层抗原子氧侵蚀性能优异,抗原子氧侵蚀性能比聚酰亚胺基体提高了2个数量级以上。经AO暴露后的杂化涂层质量几乎没有发生变化。经FTIR和XPS分析表明,在原子氧暴露后涂层表面产生的是SiO2陶瓷层。SEM分析表明无涂层的聚酰亚胺原子氧暴露后表面非常粗糙,表面呈现地毯状形貌而涂覆涂层试样暴露前后表面形貌没有发生变化。采用紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计对涂覆有机硅/SiO2涂层试样分析表明,原子氧暴露前后试样表面的光学性能也未发生变化。实验证明,制备抗原子氧侵蚀的防护涂层的溶胶-凝胶法是一种行之有效的方法。     

环境因素对聚酰亚胺薄膜及涂层侵蚀效应分析

目的采用不同表面改性方法处理聚酰亚胺,研究温度、湿度、紫外辐照和原子氧等环境因素对聚酰亚胺基体及涂层的侵蚀效应。方法用碱性溶液(NaOH)、硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)分别在水热及溶剂热条件下处理聚酰亚胺薄膜。用溶胶凝胶法制备二氧化硅溶胶,并在改性后的聚酰亚胺薄膜表面制备二氧化硅涂层。处理后样品的亲水性变化由接触角测量仪测定,透光率用紫外可见分光光度计表征,表面形貌用扫描电镜观察,表面结构变化由傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定。环境效应试验用紫外老化箱和原子氧模拟试验装置进行评价,并用扫描电镜和材料显微镜表征环境因素对涂层产生的影响和破坏作用。结果实验得出的最佳表面处理条件为:(1)NaOH浓度0.1 mol/L,水热温度120℃,时间60 min;(2)20vol%KH-550+80vol%Et OH,溶剂热温度180℃,时间60 min。在此条件下处理后的聚酰亚胺基体与二氧化硅涂层界面结合较牢固。结论使用碱液水热处理与硅烷偶联剂溶剂热相结合的处理方法,可有效改善Si O2涂层与聚酰亚胺基体的界面粘附性。所制备的涂层均匀致密,具有很好的抗原子氧侵蚀能力,但在储运过程中必须注意环境湿度对涂层产生的破坏作用。     

纳米氧化铝增强有机硅涂层抗原子氧剥蚀性能

采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米Al2O3进行表面处理并在聚酰亚胺(Polyimide)基材表面制备出纳米氧化铝增强有机硅涂层.用热阴极灯丝放电产生的氧等离子体来模拟原子氧环境,研究了有机硅涂层的质量损失、表面形貌及化学成分的变化.结果表明,原子氧对聚酰亚胺基材剥蚀严重,质量损失线性增加,表面形成地毯状.经表面处理的纳米Al2O3微粒可以均匀分布在有机硅涂层中,具有良好的抗原子氧剥蚀性能.原子氧暴露后,其质量损失和微观表面形貌变化较小,当纳米Al2O3含量为2.5%时,试样的质量损失仅为聚酰亚胺的4.7%.     

Cu基体上抗原子氧侵蚀的Al2O3涂层

在原子氧地面模拟设备中对铜片、Al2 O3 涂层试样进行了原子氧暴露实验 ,采用XPS、SEM等分析手段对暴露前后试样表面的物理和化学变化进行了研究。结果表明 :Cu受到原子氧的侵蚀 ,质量有少许增加 ,表面形貌和电学性能有些变化 ;Al2 O3 涂层质量变化很小 ,对基体提供了良好的保护作用。XPS分析结果表明Cu表面形成CuO氧化物层。反应溅射的Al2 O3 涂层是富Al的 ,初始暴露时由于氧化反应而质量有少许增加 ,随时间延长 ,涂层变得完全符合化学计量     

树脂基复合材料用陶瓷涂层防护性能分析

采用等离子喷涂铝粉作为打底材料在碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料（PMC）基体上制备了Al2O3和ZrO2轻质陶瓷防护涂层，测试了涂层的剪切结合强度、耐热循环性能、抗冲蚀性能、隔热性能。结果表明，等离子喷涂铝粉作打底层的涂层系统，性能优于电弧喷铝或电弧喷锌作打底层的涂层系统。带有Al2O3涂层的试样失重不到基体材料失重的1／3，Al2O3和ZrO2陶瓷涂层都可以为聚酰亚胺复合材料基体提供有效的冲蚀防护。Al2O3和ZrO2陶瓷涂层都可以为聚酰亚胺复合材料基体提供有效的隔热防护，ZrO2涂层隔热性能优于Al2O3涂层。     

溶胶-凝胶法Al2O3涂覆钨纤维的制备及组织特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在钨纤维的表面制备Al2O3涂层,用热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子能谱仪(EDS)等方法研究钨纤维表面Al2O3涂层在不同干燥工艺、不同PVA添加量和不同煅烧温度下的组织特征。结果表明:采用分步干燥工艺可以避免涂层团聚和开裂;溶胶制备中加入体积分数为5%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)可以提高溶胶稳定性,有利于制备均匀且无裂纹的Al2O3涂层;钨纤维表面Al2O3涂层制备的最佳煅烧温度为950℃;采用Al2O3涂覆的钨纤维抗氧化温度提高了120℃,氧化增重减少了约9%。     

溶胶-凝胶法45钢表面制备Al2O3陶瓷涂层及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在45钢表面制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层,研究了通过化学镀Ni-P层为中间过渡层对45钢表面Al2O3陶瓷涂层性能的影响.通过压入法和划痕法研究了膜基结合强度,观察了复合涂层压痕和划痕形貌,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合涂层表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,中间层与基体材料、Al2O3层与中间层结合良好,涂层均匀致密,表面显微硬度最大值为1030HV,压入法结果表明膜与45钢基体结合较好.     

Cu基体上抗原子氧侵蚀的A12O3涂层

在原子氧地面模拟设备中对铜片、A12O3涂层试样进行了原子氧暴露实验，采用XPS、SEM等分析手段对暴露前后试样表面的物理和化学变化进行了研究。结果表明：Cu受到原子氧的侵蚀，质量有少许增加，表面形貌和电学性能有些变化；A1203涂层质量变化很小，对基体提供了良好的保护作用。XPS分析结果表明Cu表面形成CuO氧化物层。反应溅射的A12O3涂层是富A1的，初始暴露时由于氧化反应而质量有少许增加，随时间延长，涂层变得完全符合化学计量。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。