侧壁式压水室离心泵的压力脉动特性

压力脉动是引起泵振动的主要因素之一,为有效地降低离心泵内压力脉动水平,提出具有特殊结构的侧壁式压水室。为研究其压力脉动特性,采用FLUENT软件对比转数130的侧壁式压水室离心泵进行数值计算,并将时域信号进行快速傅里叶变换为频域信号,结果如下:由于叶轮和隔舌的动静干涉作用,侧壁式压水室内压力脉动周期性明显,叶频在由压力脉动诱发的振动中占主导作用;由于隔舌位置及结构的变化,叶轮出口处液流与隔舌的直接冲击、干涉作用减弱,因此侧壁式压水室内隔舌附近监测点处的脉动幅值并未明显地高于其他点。与常规螺旋形压水室相比,侧壁式压水室可以大幅地降低泵内压力脉动水平,因此采用侧壁式压水室可以显著地降低由压力脉动诱发的振动,改善泵的振动性能。     

旋流泵内部非定常压力脉动分析

为了深入分析旋流内部流场的压力脉动特性,建立旋流泵数值计算模型,基于标准k-ε湍流模型,开展旋流泵内部流动结构的非定常计算,分析旋流泵进口、出口及压水室的监测点的压力脉动情况,探讨各处压力时域与频域图变化规律,并对脉动特性进行试验验证。结果表明:不同工况下旋流泵压力波动呈现明显的周期性变化;叶轮与隔舌处的干涉作用是压力脉动的来源,隔舌处的脉动主频以叶频为主;旋流泵内部充满大量回流与漩涡,也是造成流动不稳定的因素,该研究结果为旋流泵的稳定运行提供了理论依据。     

基于DES的离心泵内部瞬态流动数值研究

为了阐明变工况运行条件下离心泵内部瞬态流动特性,评价其瞬态水力性能及其压力脉动特性,提高离心泵的运行稳定性,基于DES分离涡模型,在小流量、额定流量和大流量工况下对泵进行了性能预测和数值模拟。与试验结果比较发现,性能预测结果和试验结果吻合较好,额定工况下泵内部流动参数梯度变化均匀。在此基础上,在泵内部设置p1～p9压力脉动监测点,通过对监测点的压力脉动时频分析,表明进口流道p1压力脉动频率与叶频的倍频保持一致,以低频脉动为主;受隔舌结构影响,出口流道p6压力脉动频率的脉动幅值较大,以高频脉动为主。比较叶轮旋转第1～第6圈静压分布和涡量分布规律,第3圈后叶轮内部流动趋于稳定,第6圈后蜗壳内部流动达到稳定,表明离心泵叶轮和蜗壳内部涡团的演化过程非同步。     

多级离心泵扬程预测及内部流场数值模拟

为了研究多级离心泵的性能及其内部流场分布,采用SST k-ε湍流模型对原型泵的首级、第二级及第三级叶轮进行定常和非定常数值模拟计算,分析其外特性、内部流场和压力脉动.研究表明,通过前三级叶轮的扬程能较准确地预测原型泵的扬程.不同流量工况下隔舌处均易出现低压区域,大流量工况蜗壳出口近隔舌处也易出现局部低压区和高压区,隔舌...     

离心泵快速开阀过程瞬态特性分析

为探究离心泵快速开阀过程瞬态流动特性,进行了非定常流场仿真.分析了瞬态压力、叶轮内涡流以及叶片表面压力脉动等变化规律,对优化离心泵性能及进一步研究泵阀启动流动分析提供参考.结果表明开阀过程泵出口压力先下降后上升;相同流量下,瞬态过程叶轮内部静压值低于稳态值,叶轮流道内漩涡数量和面积大于稳态值;叶片表面各监测点压力脉动表...     

离心泵的叶片进口几何形状对泵汽蚀性能的影响

为了改善离心泵内的汽蚀性能,以ZA150 -315石油化工离心泵为研究对象,在离心叶轮基本外尺寸和设计转速相同的情况下,以3种不同厚度变化规律构造3种离心泵叶轮,运用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟计算,得到了汽蚀发生时泵内部气-液两相分布规律和压力分布规律.分析表明:叶片进口段的形状影响泵的汽蚀性能.叶片进口段形状越接近流线型泵的抗汽蚀性能越好,加大叶片进口段曲率半径可以降低泵的汽蚀余量,改善泵的汽蚀性能.     

高速离心泵的压力脉动特性分析

为揭示高速离心泵的水力不稳定性,采用雷诺时均方法和SST k-ω湍流模型,对一带前置诱导轮和半开式复合叶轮的高速泵进行了不同工况下三维非定常湍流数值模拟,得到了泵内部流场特性及泵内监测点的压力脉动情况,并对其进行了频谱分析。结果表明,由于诱导轮、叶轮与扩压器的动静耦合作用,高速泵内存在比较明显的压力脉动。叶轮域从叶片入口到出口,压力脉动的峰峰值逐渐增加;相同径向位置处工作面的压力脉动明显高于非工作面。叶轮内压力脉动的频率为3fr(导叶叶片数×叶片通过频率)及其倍频,主频为3fr。导叶扩压器域内隔舌位置处的压力脉动峰峰值最大。随着水流向下游流动,扩压器内的压力脉动逐渐减小。螺旋线部分压力脉动的主频为3fr,与诱导轮叶片的通过频率相吻合。扩散段部分压力脉动的主频为7fr,与叶轮长叶片的通过频率吻合。     

航空燃油离心泵抗汽蚀优化设计及仿真

针对航空燃油离心泵工作时出现的汽蚀问题,采用正交试验法对离心泵叶轮进行优化设计.选取叶轮出口直径D2、叶轮出口宽度b2、叶片数Z、叶片厚度H为正交试验的4个因素,完成了正交试验并对试验结果进行极差分析,得到了以泵汽蚀余量为优化指标的影响排序,并最终获得最优参数组合.通过流场仿真对现用离心泵和优化后离心泵的泵汽蚀余量和蒸...     

叶轮形式对双吸离心泵压力脉动特性影响试验研究

双吸离心泵压力脉动是影响水泵机组运行稳定性的关键因素之一.为研究叶轮形式对双吸离心泵压力脉动的影响,对5种方案的叶轮进行压力脉动同台试验.通过在吸水室和压水室壁面布置压力脉动传感器,采集各个测试流量下的压力脉动信号,并进行混频幅值和频谱分析,得到吸水室和压水室的压力脉动分布规律.结果表明:双吸离心泵普遍存在叶片通过频率、泵轴旋转频率和低于轴频的低频脉动成分.相对于传统双吸叶轮,两侧叶片交错布置后可改善压力脉动特性;调整叶片出口边形状,增加叶片后盖侧的包角,可明显降低压水室叶片通过频率的脉动幅值,减轻动静干涉的危害;采用长短叶片形式可改善叶轮进口流态,降低吸水室的压力脉动,改善小流量工况下压水室的压力脉动特性.     

导叶与隔舌相对位置对离心泵内外特性的影响

为研究导叶相对隔舌不同位置对离心泵性能的影响,采用CFD计算方法对离心泵导叶与隔舌不同夹角进行数值计算。对导叶与隔舌夹角α从0⁴0°变化下离心泵外特性和内流场进行分析,结果表明导叶相对隔舌不同位置对泵内外特性有明显的影响。随着α增大,扬程和效率呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,20°附近达到扬程和效率的最大值;而在α增加的过程中,蜗壳各断面压力和速度的变化趋势不相同,叶轮各流道低速区及出口高速区受导叶影响而沿周向变化;在隔舌附近,α为040°变化下离心泵外特性和内流场进行分析,结果表明导叶相对隔舌不同位置对泵内外特性有明显的影响。随着α增大,扬程和效率呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,20°附近达到扬程和效率的最大值;而在α增加的过程中,蜗壳各断面压力和速度的变化趋势不相同,叶轮各流道低速区及出口高速区受导叶影响而沿周向变化;在隔舌附近,α为0⁴0°,导叶背面低速区减小并逐渐消失,而隔舌与导叶间低速区的变化规律与之相反。     

Comparison of cavitation prediction for a centrifugal pump with or without volute casing

Cavitation may not only cause head and efficiency breakdown of hydraulic machines but also generate other unfavorable phenomena such as noise and vibration. Therefore, the accurate prediction of cavitation development is important for various pump applications. In this paper, two numerical models, namely, models A and B, are applied to simulate the turbulent cavitating flows inside a centrifugal pump to investigate the effect of calculation domain on the prediction accuracy of cavitation performance for hydraulic machines. Model A has a calculation domain with volute casing, whereas model B has a single blade-to-blade flow passage without volute casing. Steady simulations of cavitating flow in the pump have been conducted based on the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model and the homogeneous cavitation model. Both models A and B predicted that the pump performance decreases with decreasing cavitation number. Experimental results show that model B can predict better the critical cavitation number at the best efficiency point compared with model A, which is the full flow passage model. Internal flow investigations indicate that an asymmetrical feature of cavitating flow exists when the calculation domain with volute casing is applied. The asymmetrical cavitation development in different blade-to-blade flow passages for model A results in an over-estimation of the decrease in pump performance because of the interaction between the impeller blade and the tongue of the volute casing. A simple calculation domain without volute casing is preferred for steady cavitation prediction in pumps rather than the full flow passage with volute casing because the former has better convergence, less resource requirements, and lower time consumption.     

双流道泵输送固液介质的水力性能及磨损试验研究

为分析固液混合物对双流道输送泵性能的影响,采用平均粒径为10 mm和36 mm的固体颗粒对双流道泵在不同浓度和流量下开展输送固液两相介质的水力性能试验,并对泵的磨损进行分析。水力试验结果表明,在一定的流量下,随着输送混合物中固体颗粒浓度的增加,入口表压、出口表压、扬程及效率呈递减趋势。 与输送清水时比较,当输送固液两相介质时,随着流量的增大,轴功率上升较快,扬程的下降量在不同流量下几乎相同;效率曲线在不同流量下比输送清水时效率要低,差值随着流量的增大而增大。在同流量同浓度比工况下,泵的进出口压力、扬程和汽蚀性能在输送较大直径固体颗粒时,明显下降。通过对双流道泵磨损的分析表明,叶轮磨损部位主要在前盖板外缘、流道内偏前盖板的流道表面、压力面进口边,压力面的磨损区域呈三角形;泵体的磨损部位主要在周壁、隔舌及泵体口环处。本研究可为固液两相双流道离心泵的理论研究与设计应用提供试验依据。     

Design of port plate in gerotor pump for reduction of pressure pulsation

The pressure pulsation due to the gear geometry of the gerotor (generalized rotor) pump mainly occurs in an instant that the chamber of the gerotor enters the delivery port and leaves the suction one. Such a pressure pulsation may result in undesirable vibration and noise of pump components as well as cavitation in hydraulic system. Therefore, it is very important to examine the pressure characteristic of the gerotor pump at its design and analysis stages. In this paper, in order to reduce the pressure pulsation in the gerotor pump, the port plate with the relief grooves is designed by referring to as notch of vane pump and relief groove of piston pump. A series of the theoretical analyses on the pressure pulsation is performed in consideration of various design parameters of the port plate, including the installation positions of the port inlet/ outlet and the groove width, and the operating conditions such as rotational velocity and delivery pressure.     

变转速工况下离心泵蜗舌处压力波动的试验研究

对某一单吸离心泵在变转速工况下蜗舌处的压力波动进行了测量与分析。该离心泵的叶轮为半开式叶轮并具有背叶片,它由原叶轮车削后得到,从而使得叶轮出口离蜗舌距离较大。结果显示:随着转速的提高,离心泵的流量及效率线性增大,而扬程以二次曲线形式增加。该离心泵蜗舌附近的压力波动频谱以叶轮转动频率整数倍的离散分量为主,特别是叶片通过频率及其二次谐波。最大波动分量的幅度占参考动压ρv22/2(v2为叶轮出口周向速度)的0.5%左右。随着转速的增大,压力波动的增加速度比转速提高速度快,且宽频波动幅度的提高比离散分量显著。另外,频谱分量中存在叶轮转动频率非整数倍的离散分量,以及与转速无关而取决于流体系统固有振动特性的离散分量。     

Effect of the blade loading distribution on hydrodynamic performance of a centrifugal pump with cylindrical blades

The effect of the blade loading distribution on head, radial force and pressure pulsation of a low specific-speed centrifugal pump with cylindrical impeller blades were investigated in the present study. Blade shapes were obtained by adopting the 1D inverse design method, impellers with different blade loading curves were obtained while the distribution of the blade loading was carefully tailored. Threedimensional URANS simulation method based on the Shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model was employed for the analyzation of flow patterns. Numerical results including the pressure distribution and velocity profile were validated by comparing with the available experimental data, and an acceptable agreement was obtained. Three typical parameters of the blade loading curve, including the location of the fore-loading point (m_pre), location of the aft-loading point (m_post) and slope of the rectilinear segment (K), were analyzed. Results showed that the well-designed blade loading curve, such as the fore-loading impeller, can effectively reduce the pressure pulsation amplitude and the radial force. The significant effect of the variation of the aft-loading point on pump hydrodynamic performance was also investigated. Meanwhile, pressure and velocity distributions at different slopes of the blade loading curves show that the fore-loading impeller produces more uniform flow issuing from the impeller than that of the pump with aft-loading impeller, thus reduces the radial force and pressure pulsation of the pump.     

Effect of the flat tank bottom on performance and cavitation characteristics of a cargo pump

A submerged cargo pump is installed vertically above the bottom of a cargo tank. The intake shape of the pump is an important operation parameter. Therefore, we investigated the performance and cavitation characteristics of the cargo pump with intake according to intake shape. A cargo pump was composed of an intake, inducer, impeller, and diffuser. First, a cargo pump with a straight pipe intake was measured. Next, the cargo pump with an intake applied the tank bottom shape was investigated. The results of performance and efficiency were compared. The flow characteristics in the inducer changed as the flow passed through the intake affected by the tank bottom shape. The pump head and the efficiency slightly decreased, but the inducer head considerably reduced. Since the incidence angle became a negative value and the cavity volume increased at the leading edge of inducer, the NPSHr (Required net positive suction head) increased. As the inlet pressure decreased, cavitation instabilities clearly appeared. Different gaps between the pump intake and the tank bottom were also investigated. The gap had a critical point without the significant performance loss decrease.     

导叶周向布置位置对核主泵压力脉动的影响

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格模型,对核主泵导叶在不同周向位置缩比模型的内部流动进行全三维非定常数值计算。研究导叶周向布置位置对叶轮出口、叶轮-导叶间隙处以及泵壳内压力脉动的影响规律,并分析导叶周向位置对导叶下游流动的影响,结果表明:导叶周向位置对模型泵内压力分布影响较大,在时域图中,导叶位置主要影响模型泵内压力脉动的波动幅度,导叶在α=0?时压力脉动的主波动幅度最小;在频域图中,导叶位置主要影响压力脉动能量幅值,导叶在α=0?时脉动能量幅值最小。叶轮出口的压力脉动能量幅值最大,泵壳内的能量幅值最小,压力脉动主要由动、静叶间的相互干涉引起。叶轮出口、叶轮-导叶间隙处的压力脉动频率主要受叶频影响,泵壳内的压力脉动频率仅与转频有关。导叶周向位置对导叶下游的内部流动影响较大,导叶在α=0?时截面B—B内的压力分布均匀、压力梯度小。合适的导叶周向位置可有效改善泵内的压力脉动分布,进而降低泵的振动。     

齿顶间隙对双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵泄漏及空化特性的影响

为了研究在高速高压工况下双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵齿顶间隙对齿轮泵泄漏及空化特性的影响,建立了双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵最佳齿顶间隙数学模型,计算出最佳齿顶间隙。利用PumpLinx对考虑空化后不同齿顶间隙的齿轮泵内部流场进行数值模拟,结果表明:当齿顶间隙为0.02 mm,齿轮泵的流量脉动和压力脉动相对较小,流量输出品质好,与理论分析最佳齿顶间隙为0.0207 mm基本一致,验证了最佳齿顶间隙模型建立的正确性;齿顶间隙会影响齿轮泵内部流场的空化程度和泄漏量,齿轮泵内部的空化程度随着齿顶间隙的增大而减小,齿顶间隙处的泄漏会随齿顶间隙的增大而增大;齿轮泵齿顶间隙处的空化具有密封作用,可以减小齿顶间隙泄漏。研究结果对双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵结构优化及应用具有一定的参考价值。