响应面优化辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯稳定藻油乳液的工艺研究

以乳化稳定指数(ESI)、粒径、Zeta电位为考察指标,通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验研究了以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(OSA-淀粉)淀粉为乳化剂的裂壶藻油乳液制备工艺,并对其氧化稳定性进行了分析。单因素试验结果表明,OSA-变性淀粉的质量分数为10%、藻油质量浓度为4%、超声功率为360~420 W,超声15~20 min可以得到ESI较高的纳米级乳液。响应面优化设计分析后,OSA-淀粉质量分数为10.50%,藻油质量分数为3.50%,超声功率为375 W,超声时间20 min,在此条件下乳液的ESI和粒径分别为96.10%和238.12 nm。该乳液在试验条件下其氧化稳定性显著优于未添加OSA-淀粉组。     

鱼油乳液的稳定性

报道了一种鱼油乳液的制取工艺 ,采用混合乳化剂和乳粉可制得乳化稳定性较好的鱼油乳液 .考察了β CD和茶多酚对抑制鱼油腥味及提高鱼油乳化液氧化稳定性的效果     

非离子表面活性剂对超临界CO2下酶催化蛋白质水解的影响

研究了在超临界CO2介质中非离子表面活性剂对胰酶催化牛血清白蛋白(BSA)水解的影响,通过系统水含量及系统压力的变化来分析四种非离子表面活性剂平平加O、十三烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚(1380)、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP-10)及Tween 80对胰酶催化牛血清白蛋白水解的影响,并用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳法及分析软件TotalLab对蛋白质的水解度进行分析。研究表明,非离子表面活性剂在低系统压力及低系统水含量下能促进胰酶催化牛血清白蛋白水解,使水解率提高20%以上,且水解率随着系统压力的升高而上升,随着系统含水量的升高而下降。当系统水含量达到30μL以上时,非离子表面活性剂对胰酶催化牛血清白蛋白水解的影响不明显。     

甘草酸纤维茶树精油乳液凝胶的制备及其结构表征

选取茶树精油为风味油相,利用甘草酸自组装纳米纤维作为结构单元构建风味精油乳液凝胶体系,研究甘草酸纤维质量分数、茶树精油质量分数、油相组成对精油乳液凝胶外观、微观结构、流变学特性的影响.结果表明:利用甘草酸的两亲性和纤维化自组装,能成功制备出乳滴粒度小(2.5μm)且具有蜂窝状网络微结构的茶树精油乳液凝胶;流变学测试显示...     

改性纳米纤维素稳定Pickering乳液制备与性能的研究

以聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）疏水改性油茶籽壳纳米纤维素（CNF）,并以该粒子（PDMS-CNF）作为稳定剂,以去离子水为外相,茶籽油为内相,高剪切乳化成功制备了水包油型Pickering乳液,研究了油水比、PDMS-CNF浓度、乳化时间对乳液稳定性、微观形貌和粒径的影响。结果表明：改性油茶籽壳纳米纤维素作为稳定粒子显示出更好的稳定性,利于贮存;乳液为球状液滴,粒径多呈正态分布,随油水比增大,粒径由140nm增加至450nm,随 PDMS-CNF粒子浓度增大,粒径由750nm减小至450nm;乳化时间从2min增加至6min时,乳液粒径逐渐由650nm下降至150nm,而从6min增加至10min时则粒径增大至450nm。     

Emulsion stability of clove oil in chitosan and sodium alginate matrix

Clove oil was emulsified in 1% w/w chitosan (CC emulsions) and 2.5% w/w sodium alginate matrix (CA emulsions) containing Tween 80 as the surfactant. Different homogenization speeds (5,000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 rpm) were used to produce the emulsions, and the stability of the emulsions during storage (29 days) was determined. The stability of the emulsions containing clove oil prior to the solidification process was assessed when chitosan and sodium alginate were used as encapsulating materials. Different homogenization speeds resulted in polydisperse emulsions with a size of 2–3 μm and 90% of stability after 29 days of storage. Different homogenization speeds did not significantly affect the concentrations of the active compounds contained in the emulsions. However, these concentrations changed significantly after 29 days of storage when sodium alginate was used to make the emulsions and the homogenization speeds were ≥ 10,000 rpm. High temperature caused by the high viscosity of the solution and high energy dissipation during homogenization suggested that the emulsions composed of sodium alginate were unstable. Chitosan enabled a longer processing time during the clove oil encapsulation process compared to sodium alginate, when emulsification by homogenization was used. The stability of the emulsion of the clove oil-in-chitosan matrix prior to the solidification step was superior.     

Stability and Oil Migration of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Emulsified by Phase‐Separating Biopolymer Mixtures

Oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions with varying concentration of oil phase, medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT), were prepared using phase‐separating gum arabic (GA)/sugar beet pectin (SBP) mixture as an emulsifier. Stability of the emulsions including emulsion phase separation, droplet size change, and oil migration were investigated by means of visual observation, droplet size analysis, oil partition analysis, backscattering of light, and interfacial tension measurement. It was found that in the emulsions prepared with 4.0% GA/1.0% SBP, when the concentration of MCT was greater than 2.0%, emulsion phase separation was not observed and the emulsions were stable with droplet size unchanged during storage. This result proves the emulsification ability of phase‐separating biopolymer mixtures and their potential usage as emulsifiers to prepare O/W emulsion. However, when the concentration of MCT was equal or less than 2.0%, emulsion phase separation occurred after preparation resulting in an upper SBP‐rich phase and a lower GA‐rich phase. The droplet size increased in the upper phase whereas decreased slightly in the lower phase with time, compared to the freshly prepared emulsions. During storage, the oil droplets exhibited a complex migration process: first moving to the SBP‐rich phase, then to the GA‐rich phase and finally gathering at the interface between the two phases. The mechanisms of the emulsion stability and oil migration in the phase‐separated emulsions were discussed.     

乳液型高级脂肪醇类消泡剂的研制

乳状液是一种热力学不稳定的多相分散体系,其稳定性不论对于实际应用还是研究都有重要的影响.本文通过不同种类的非离子表面活性剂与同种阴离子表面活性剂复配来研制乳液型高级脂肪醇类消泡剂,研究了所选择的表面活性剂种类与质量对乳液稳定性的影响.乳液静置过程中,以动力粘度和粒径分布作为稳定性的表征方法.结果表明表面活性剂的种类与质量对高级脂肪醇乳液的稳定性有着较大的影响,从而得出了乳液稳定性较好的乳化剂配方(十二烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠:0.8%,MOA-4:1.0%,Span80:0.3%).     

Formation of Vitamin E Emulsion Stabilized by Octenylsuccinic Starch: Factors Affecting Particle Size and Oil Load

Vitamin E (VE) emulsions were formed by adding VE acetate in an octenylsuccinic (OS) starch solution with distilled water and homogenizing with a microfluidizer at 20000 psi. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total concentration of starch and oil, ratio of oil to starch, pH value, and free OS content on emulsion properties. A method using HPLC was developed to analyze VE in emulsion, and the results were used to estimate the amount of surface VE oil. Lower total concentration of starch and oil and lower ratio of oil to starch resulted in more stable emulsions, whereas differences in the pH between 3 and 8 had little effect. Free OS content increased with greater particle size and decreased oil load. Increasing the number of passes reduced the initial particle size of the emulsion but increased free OS content.     

酪蛋白-海藻酸钠基乳液凝胶性质及其在姜黄素负载中的应用

姜黄素(curcumin, Cur)是一种天然活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血脂等多种生物活性;但存在稳定性差、口服生物利用度低等问题,限制了其在食品及医药行业的应用。乳液凝胶兼具乳液和凝胶结构,有良好的稳定性,常作为天然活性物质载体,在功能食品及医药领域中应用广泛。以酪蛋白(casein, CN)和海藻酸钠(sodium alginate, SA)为基质,通过一步均质法制备了含油量为80%(体积分数)的O/W型乳液凝胶,用于Cur负载,以改善其稳定性和生物利用度;研究了CN与SA比例对乳液凝胶的形成及结构的影响,分析了负载Cur的乳液凝胶贮藏、冻融、稀释、热以及离心稳定性;探究了乳液凝胶负载的Cur的模拟胃肠释放特性。结果表明,单一CN(质量分数为4%)作为基质时,可形成乳液凝胶;与SA(质量分数为2%)复合后,CN与SA体积比为9∶1至7∶3时可形成乳液凝胶。负载Cur的乳液凝胶油滴平均粒径由未添加SA的(86.00±6.31)μm减至(47.00±0.97)μm;单一CN基乳液凝胶油滴平均粒径为(107.00±7.54)μm,且在贮藏15 d后出现油析,而SA的添加显著提升了乳液...     

Droplet Size and Coalescence Stability of Whey Protein Stabilized Milkfat Peanut Oil Emulsions

Droplet diameter and the polydispersity of droplet size tended to decrease with increased proportion of peanut oil. Macromolecular additives affected droplet size. Xanthan gum or sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (Na-CMC) produced smaller droplets than the controls, but the average diameter was independent of the composition of the dispersed phase. At 50°C the coalescence stability of these emulsions qualitatively correlated with the initial droplet diameter. Xanthan gum and Na-CMC, despite increasing continuous phase viscosity, gave lower stability than controls, primarily the result of flocculation of droplets due to depletion of the highly hydrophilic macromolecule from the intervening region between approaching droplets. At 25°C, stability increased as solid butter oil content of the dispersed phase increased.     

疏水化改性淀粉微粒稳定的Pickering乳状液的性质研究

采用碱法提取大米和苋菜籽淀粉,并用辛烯基琥珀酸酐对其进行疏水化改性。以疏水化修饰的大米淀粉和苋菜籽淀粉为颗粒乳化剂,葵花籽油为油相,构筑Pickering乳状液,研究淀粉浓度和油相浓度对乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,苋菜籽淀粉浓度为0.5%~4.0%时,乳状液的液滴粒径为86.29 μm~94.08 μm;大米淀粉浓度为0.5%~4.0%时,乳状液的液滴粒径为87.75 μm~101.48 μm。油相浓度在25%~75%范围内增加时,苋菜籽淀粉稳定的乳状液液滴粒径为82.47 μm~91.10 μm,而大米淀粉稳定的乳状液液滴粒径为77.77 μm~106.57 μm。在相同制备条件下,苋菜籽淀粉稳定的乳状液中乳相体积均比大米淀粉稳定的乳状液大。激光共聚焦结果表明,疏水化淀粉微粒均匀包裹在油滴表面,阻止油滴聚集,稳定乳状液体系。淀粉微粒稳定的Pickering乳状液表现出假塑性流体特征,苋菜籽淀粉稳定的乳状液的黏度和储能模量较高,而Tan δ值较小。     

超声波处理对酪蛋白酸钠-大豆油预乳化液乳化稳定性的影响

为改善预乳化液的乳化稳定性,本研究应用超声波技术制备酪蛋白酸钠-大豆油预乳化液,研究不同时间(0、3、6、9、12 min)超声波处理(20 kHz,450 W)对预乳化液的p H值、电导率、乳液分层指数、液滴粒度分布和平均粒径大小以及黏度的影响。结果表明,不同超声波处理时间对酪蛋白酸钠-大豆油预乳化液p H值和电导率没有显著影响(P0.05)。在0 h时,各超声波处理组和对照组的乳析率差异不显著(P0.05),在贮藏12、24、36 h时,各超声波处理组的乳析率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。超声波时间对预乳化液的粒径分布范围和粒径大小影响显著(P0.05),随着超声波时间的延长,D_(4,3)、D_(3,2)和D_(50)显著变小(P0.05)。在剪切速率0.1 s~(-1)时,超声波时间对酪蛋白酸钠-植物油预乳化液的黏度有显著影响,各组超声波预乳化液的黏度均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。因此,应用超声波处理酪蛋白酸钠-大豆油预乳化液,可以延长贮藏期,减小乳化液粒径,提高黏度,有效改善乳化稳定性。     

天然和热处理大豆蛋白稳定乳液的性质研究

热处理(901、20℃)修饰的大豆分离蛋白用于制备水包油(O/W)乳液,并对天然和热处理蛋白乳液的粒径、微结构、絮凝率和分层稳定性进行表征。热处理蛋白的水力学半径随蛋白浓度和加热温度的增加而增加,证实了可溶性聚集体的产生。乳液粒径和分层稳定性受离子强度、聚集体粒径影响。低离子强度下(0 mmol/L),与天然蛋白相比,热处理蛋白乳液粒径较大,20 d放置后未发生分层。离子强度的增加(100mmol/L)导致天然蛋白乳液粒径明显增大;而热处理蛋白乳液则表现出较高耐盐性,体现在更小的粒径、絮凝率和分层指数。与90℃热处理相比1,20℃热处理减小了乳液液滴的粒径和絮凝。     

Antioxidative Activities of Ginkgo biloba Extract on Oil/Water Emulsion System Prepared from an Enzymatically Modified Lipid Containing Alpha‐Linolenic Acid

Abstract: The desired mix of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA)‐enriched structured lipid (SL) and physically blended lipid (PB) was prepared from grape seed oil and perilla oil at a weight ratio of 3:1. The major triacylglycerol species (LnLnL) in PB was drastically increased after interesterification (SL), from 0.5% to 16.8%. After the reaction, the total unsaturated fatty acid at the sn‐2 position was decreased from 98.83% in PB to 91.36% in SL. The reduction of vitamin E compounds was also observed. Compared with a PB‐based emulsion, SL‐based emulsions showed oxidative instability, as assessed by lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) values, which was mainly due to the SL which contained less LA, ALA, and ΣUSFA at the sn‐2 position and less γ‐tocopherol than did PB. PB‐, and SL‐based emulsions with Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) which showed significantly lower values of LOOH and TBARS compared to a blank control. GBE was effective in retarding the oxidation of the emulsion by quenching the free radicals in the water phase of the emulsion and inhibiting the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products. These results indicate that GBE could be used as an antioxidant additive for stabilizing ALA‐enriched emulsions. Practical Application: The results suggest the possibility to supplement Ginkgo biloba extract in alpha linolenic acid‐enriched structured lipid‐based emulsions which would increase the therapeutic value and enhance the antioxidant potential of the emulsions.     

二十二碳六烯酸微藻油乳状液稳定性的影响因素

以二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexenoic acid,DHA)微藻油微胶囊化过程中形成的乳状液为研究对象,通过测定乳状液稳定性、界面膜强度、界面张力、粒径和Zeta-电位,探究乳化剂、pH值和金属离子对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明,司盘80与吐温60复配的乳状液亲水亲油平衡(hydrophile-lipophile...     

热处理对大豆油脂体乳液特性的影响

以大豆油脂体乳液为研究对象,利用动态表面张力测量、动态激光散射、圆二色光谱、共聚焦等技术研究大豆油脂体在不同温度（30、50、70 、90 ℃）条件下乳液的物理稳定性、氧化稳定性及油脂体表面蛋白二级结构的变化,考察了温度对乳液界面张力、界面特性的影响。结果表明：热处理降低了大豆油脂体乳液表面电荷和界面张力,改变了界面强度;油脂体表面蛋白的二级结构α-螺旋含量从（17.71±0.01）%下降到（15.3±0.03）%,无规卷曲含量从（29.96±0.01）%下降到（27.3±0.06）%,β-转角含量从（22.34±0.05）%下降到（21.2±0.03）%,β-折叠含量从（29.89±0.06）%增加到（36.1±0.02）%,热处理改变了维持油脂体表面蛋白二级结构的作用力,影响二级结构含量变化,表现出不同的界面特性;4 个温度热处理没有明显促进油体的絮凝;30 ℃和50 ℃热处理的乳液,油脂氧化的氢过氧化物相对较少,表明热处理改变了大豆油脂体乳液的界面特性,进而影响油脂体乳液的物理稳定性和氧化稳定性。