Analysis of various sweeteners in low‐sugar mixed fruit jam: equivalent sweetness,time‐intensity analysis and acceptance test

For a sweetener to successfully replace sucrose in food formulations, studies must first be conducted to determine the concentrations of the sweeteners to be used and their equivalent sweetness compared with sucrose. After establishing the optimal concentration of each sweetener, it is necessary to determine which is more similar to sucrose. The objective of this study was to determine the equivalent amount of different sweeteners, necessary to promote the same degree of ideal sweetness in mixed fruit (marolo, sweet passion fruit and soursop) jam and to characterise the time–intensity profile and consumer acceptance. With respect to the mixed fruit jam containing 40% (w/w) of sucrose, sucralose presented the highest sweetening power, being 1033.59 times sweeter than sucrose, followed by sucralose/acesulfame‐K/neotame 5:3:0.1 (982.80), sucralose/steviol glycoside 2:1 (862.67), sucralose/acesulfame‐K 3:1 (847.45) and sucralose/thaumatin 1:0.6 (284.29). The sweeteners had a time–intensity sweetness profile similar to sucrose and a time–intensity bitterness profile different from sucrose but similar among themselves. In relation to sensory acceptance, a significant difference between the low‐sugar jam and the traditional jam was not observed.     

Bittersweet chocolates containing prebiotic and sweetened with stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) with different Rebaudioside A contents: multiple time–intensity analysis and physicochemical characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate the time–intensity profile of the sensory attributes possibly affected in sugar‐free and low‐fat chocolates containing inulin and stevia with different rebaudioside A contents, such as sweetness, bitterness and melting rate. The bittersweet chocolates were analysed by the multiple time–intensity analysis. The time–intensity profile for the sweetness stimulus was similar for all chocolate samples. The differences between the contents of rebaudioside A were not perceived by the assessors. In relation to the bitterness stimulus, the low‐fat samples had a more accentuated perception of this attribute by the assessors, with significant differences for Imax and Area when compared to the sugar‐free samples. The stimulus melting in the mouth was more affected in the low‐fat samples. The sensory results obtained in this study are useful for food industry and researchers working with sweeteners and prebiotics in food, especially in chocolates.     

Consumer Age Affects Response to Sensory Characteristics of a Cherry Flavored Beverage

The sensory responses of a young adult population were compared to one over age 60. Using a central composite design, sweetness and flavor intensity, flavor quality, overall acceptability, perceived thirst quenching and flavor identification were evaluated using an artificially flavored cherry beverage varying in sucrose, flavor, and color. The mean data were modeled to a response surface as a function of sucrose, color, and flavor. In both populations the measures were responsive to factors manipulated in the design. Color had specific unique effects on overall acceptance, flavor quality, and intensity in each of the populations. The older population was more sensitive to visual cues and less sensitive to changes in flavor concentration.     

High‐intensity sweeteners in espresso coffee: ideal and equivalent sweetness and time–intensity analysis

The efficient substitution of sucrose by a sweetener in beverages requires the application of some sensory techniques. First, one must determine the concentrations of the sweeteners under study, equivalent in sweetness to the ideal sucrose concentration. In addition, it is fundamental to determine which is most similar to sucrose. The objectives of this study were to determine the ideal sweetness for espresso coffee and the equivalent concentrations in sweetness of different sweeteners, as well as characterise the time–intensity profile of each sweetener in relation to sweetness. The sweeteners evaluated were sucralose, aspartame, neotame, a cyclamate/saccharin mixture (2:1) and stevia. The sucrose concentration considered ideal by consumers was 12.5% (w/v), and the equivalent concentrations of the sweeteners were 0.0159% for sucralose, 0.0549% for aspartame, 0.0016% for neotame, 0.0359% for the cyclamate/saccharin mixture and 0.0998% for stevia. The time–intensity analysis indicated that possibly the sweeteners neotame, aspartame and sucralose would be the best substitutes for sucrose.     

A novel photochromic time–temperature indicator to support cold chain management

A detailed investigation of the behaviour of a new printable photochromic time–temperature indicator (TTI) was conducted to characterise its properties under specific temperature conditions and to analyse the influence of ultra violet (UV) light irradiation (activation) on the discolouration process. The reproducibility of the charging process and the discolouration process of the TTI were analysed. For different charging times the calculated activation energies based on the Arrhenius model ranged from 23.2 to 25.3 kcal mol^?1 depending on the UV light irradiation (charging time). A quality contour diagram was established to define the appropriate charging time for different kinds of products. Due to the possibility of defining the shelf life of a TTI by different charging times, this novel TTI constitutes a reliable tool to monitor the cold chains of a broad range of food products on their way from production to consumption.     

发酵型酸乳饮料风味的研究

发酵型酸乳饮料是一种兼具营养与保健的新型饮料,但由于发酵乳比例的降低,风味物质相应减少,造成口味稀薄、后味不足的缺点。本文对如何改善酸乳饮料的风味进行了研究。结果表明,添加单甘酯和蔗糖酯可以明显增加稳定性和口味,6.0%蔗糖和0.02%安赛蜜作为甜味剂,乳酸与柠檬酸作为酸味剂混合调节pH为3.80时,酸甜可口,添加变性淀粉和麦芽糊精会进一步使酸乳饮料有厚实感,并增加余味。     

清心增力保健饮料的研制

以麦冬、参须、甘草、竹叶为主要原料,辅以蔗糖、柠檬酸,研制出色香味俱佳、清心增力保健饮料。通过正交试验确定最佳风味调配浓度为:中药汁14%、竹叶汁6%、蔗糖5%、柠檬酸0.1%。     

从近年冷饮行情探讨2004年冰淇淋流行趋势

对2002～2003年国内冷食口味进行了分析，得出奶味是冷食行业永恒的主题，总结了奶味的主要表现风格，预测了冷饮产品未来的发展趋势为：实料低膨化产品的比例将逐渐上升，中小模具产品将依然流行，新型原料、特殊工艺和设备的使用是今后的发展方向。     

新型饮料--果味水

介绍了果味水的国内外发展情况及生产工艺条件和包装形式。     

配制型酸乳饮料的稳定性和风味研究

配制型酸乳饮料不仅营养丰富,风味酸甜可口,而且生产工艺相对简单,在市场上很有竞争力。研究配制型酸乳饮料的生产工艺,结果表明:当全脂奶粉含量为5%时,同时添加耐酸CMC0.2%和阿拉伯可尔0.1%两种稳定剂,稳定性很好,口感细腻无异味。进一步添加1.0%的变性淀粉TAX-TRA,可以增加酸乳饮料风味、厚实感明显加强、余味更足。当酸乳饮料pH为4.0时,添加10%蔗糖或6%蔗糖和0.02%安赛蜜都可以使饮料酸甜可口。     

活性乳酸菌饮料生产工艺研究

研究了活性乳酸菌饮料的生产工艺,对菌种、稳定剂和酸味剂进行了筛选,确定了适合工业化的生产工艺。实验表明,嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌比例为1：1,羧甲基纤维素：藻酸丙二醇酯：还原胶=4：1：1,添加量为0.3%;柠檬酸：乳酸：酒石酸=3：3：2,添加量为0.25%;加糖量为12%。解决了乳酸菌饮料的稳定性问题,所得产品品味较好。     

大麦发酵饮料的制备及其风味物质分析

以大麦为原料制备乳酸菌发酵饮料,通过单因素试验研究接种量、发酵时间、料液比等不同发酵条件对大麦乳酸菌发酵产物中主要营养和功能性成分的影响,在此基础上进一步优化发酵工艺条件,制备获得具有较优品质的大麦乳酸菌发酵饮料,并对产品的风味物质进行了分析。     

Consumer acceptance of natural sweeteners in protein beverages

Protein beverage consumption by Americans has increased in recent years. Coupled with this increased consumption is an interest in natural sweeteners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory properties of naturally sweetened ready-to-mix (RTM) whey protein beverages using 3 temporal methods and to formulate a natural noncaloric sweetener blend that could be added to RTM protein beverages to provide sweetness while still appealing in flavor to consumers. Iso-sweet concentrations of sweeteners (sucralose, sucrose, fructose, stevia, monk fruit) in RTM vanilla whey protein beverages (25 g of protein/360 mL of water) were established using magnitude estimation scaling and 2-alternative forced-choice testing. Temporal sensory profiling was then conducted on each beverage by a trained panel using time intensity, temporal dominance of sensations, and temporal check-all-that-apply. These findings were used to formulate natural sweetener blends that closely matched the temporality of sucrose-sweetened RTM vanilla protein beverages for consumer testing. One sugar-free blend (25% stevia/75% monk fruit) and 1 reduced-sugar blend (25% stevia/25% monk fruit/50% fructose) were selected for consumer testing (n = 150 consumers) in addition to 3 control RTM beverages containing sucralose, stevia, or monk fruit. Two distinct consumer clusters were identified. The label-conscious segment of consumers preferred beverages sweetened with natural blends when primed. The flavor-driven segment of consumers conceptually preferred naturally sweetened beverages but preferred sucralose-sweetened beverages when primed. An all-natural label claim was most preferred across all consumers. Application of these findings to commercially produced RTM protein beverages aids in the development of naturally sweetened protein beverages with reduced calories and desirable sensory properties and highlights the importance of label claims to consumers overall but to a label-conscious segment of consumers in particular.