SrO对Si3N4–ZrO2–SrO系统反应合成ZrN的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过引入SrO,利用Si3N4–ZrO2–SrO三元系统反应合成ZrN,使得SiO2–Si3N4–ZrO2–ZrN四元系统形成互易关系,并结合热力学计算,对在N2气氛无压条件下Si3N4–ZrO2–SrO三元系统分别在1 500和1 700℃时的反应途径进行了研究,并采用XRD进行物相分析。结果表明：当烧结温度为1 500℃时,Si3N4–ZrO2–SrO系统可生成ZrN＋SrSi2O2N2和ZrN＋Sr3SiO5＋SrZrO3的复合相;当烧结温度提高到1 700℃时,反应产物中与ZrN复合的物相不仅有SrSi2O2N2和Sr3SiO5＋SrZrO3,还生成了Sr2SiO4＋SrZrO3和Sr7ZrSi6O（21）＋SrZrO3,其中,SrZrO3为ZrO2–SrO二元系统反应的结果。在1 500和1 700℃时,Si3N4–ZrO2–SrO三元系统中可生成ZrN＋X（＋SrZrO3）复合相,且ZrN–X共存关系在扩展的SiO2–Si3N4–SrO–ZrO2–ZrN五元系统中给出。Si3N4–ZrO2–SrO三元系统的数个反应可被用于在较低温度下一步反应制备ZrN复相陶瓷。     

ZrN+AlN+Y2O3复合助烧结剂对Si3 N4陶瓷烧结性能的影响

对比了ZrN+AlN助烧结剂与ZrN+AlN+Y2O3助烧结剂对1800℃、25 MPa下热压烧成Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响,并着重对ZrN+AlN+Y2O3复合助烧结剂促进Si3N4陶瓷烧结的机理进行了探讨.结果表明加ZrN+AlN+Y2O3助烧结剂能明显促进Si3N4陶瓷的烧结,提高陶瓷强度,其相对密度可达97.84%,常温弯曲强度为601.21 MPa,断裂韧性达8.9 MPa·m1/2;而加ZrN+AlN助烧结剂的Si3N4陶瓷未致密化.     

ZrN–Si_3N_4–Y_2O_3复合材料的相组成（英文）

采用不同组分的Zr N、Si_3N_4和Y_2O_3混合粉末,在1 750℃高温固相反应合成Zr N–Si_3N_4–Y_2O_3复合材料,借助于X射线衍射仪表征6种按不同比例混合样品的物相组成。结果表明:在Zr N–Si_3N_4–Y_2O_3三元系统中,Zr N分别与Si_3N_4、Y_2O_3和Y2Si3O3N4(M相,黄长石结构)共存;M相为Si_3N_4和Y_2O_3在摩尔比为1:1时的产物,Zr N–Si_3N_4–Y_2O_3三元系统扩展为Zr N–Si_3N_4–Y_2O_3–Si O2四元系统,在该四元系统中,Zr N分别与M相、Y4Si2N2O7(J相,单斜Y4Al2O9结构)及Y5(Si O4)3N(H相,磷灰石结构)3种含钇硅酸盐及Si_3N_4、Y_2O_3共存。其中,J相和H相分别是Si2N2O(Si_3N_4和Si O2在摩尔比为1:1时的产物)和Y_2O_3在摩尔比分别为2:1和9:5时的产物。用Zr N–Si_3N_4–Y_2O_3体系相图可解析制备Zr N陶瓷和Zr N/Si_3N_4复合陶瓷的相组成。     

水热电耦合法制备BaZrO_3薄膜

本研究采用水热电耦合方法合成了BaZrO3薄膜。首先通过阴极放电等离子体(HCD-IP)在Si基片上沉积氮化锆(ZrN)薄膜,接着将包覆ZrN的Si基片侵入到水热电耦合装置中,其混合溶液为Ba(CH3COO)2和NaOH,在90℃的温度下工作1～15h。结果表明,在ZrN/Si基片上成功合成了立方BaZrO3薄膜。BaZrO3薄膜在ZrN上的生长速率比在块体Zr上的生长速率快,BaZrO3薄膜展示出纳米层结构,其厚度在15h后可达到2μm。本文讨论了溶液的反应温度和反应时间对薄膜形貌和厚度的影响。     

Si_3N_4陶瓷材料的氧化行为及其抗氧化研究

研究了Si3N4陶瓷材料的氧化行为 ,同时探讨了通过表面处理使Si3N4陶瓷材料表面形成一层Si2 N2 O对其抗氧化性能的影响。实验结果表明 ,Si3N4陶瓷材料在空气中的氧化行为服从抛物线规律。另外 ,用X射线衍射分析 (XRD)和X光电子能谱 (XPS)分析验证了Si2 N2 O层的存在。由于形成了Si2 N2 O层 ,Si3N4陶瓷材料在 130 0℃下氧化 10 0h后 ,氧化增重从原来的 0 .4 2mg/cm2 降低到 0 .2 4mg/cm2 ,其抗氧化性能有了明显的提高。同时 ,表面处理后Si3N4陶瓷材料的强度也有一定的提高 ,其中室温强度从原来的62 1MPa提高到 662MPa。     

水热体系下ZrO_2-SiO_2混合氧化物催化纤维素转化

采用共沉淀法合成了混合氧化物Zr O2-Si O2。用XRD,BET,NH3-TPD对其结构性质进行了表征。在水热条件下利用该催化剂催化纤维素转化。考察了n(Zr)/n(Si)、反应时间、反应温度等因素对纤维素转化的影响。结果表明,Zr O2-Si O2混合氧化物具有较高的酸量,n(Zr)/n(Si)=7时催化剂酸量最高,催化效果最优。反应条件为200℃、2.5 MPa N2、5 min时,纤维素转化率达到59.0%,葡萄糖、乳酸、乙酰丙酸、5-HMF的总收率为26.9%。     

阴极电弧离子镀ZrN梯度膜和Zr/ZrN多层膜的腐蚀特性

采用阴极电弧离子镀技术在1Cr13不锈钢表面制备了ZrN梯度层和Zr/ZrN多层膜,并用电化学腐蚀方法和中性盐雾法检测了1Cr13基体、ZrN梯度层和Zr/ZrN多层膜的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:Zr/ZrN多层膜和ZrN梯度层均能提高1Cr13基体的抗腐蚀能力,而Zr/ZrN多层膜的效果更明显:镀层的内部缺陷(如微孔)和液滴导致薄膜发生孔蚀、隙缝腐蚀和电偶腐蚀;镀层保护的实质是物理屏障作用,细化晶粒、减少膜层中的液滴及针孔等缺陷能显著提高薄膜的抗腐蚀性能.     

Ni-Si3N4纳米复合镀层研究

将Si3N4纳米粒子加入电镀镍的基础镀液中,在碳钢上制备了Ni–Si3N4复合镀层。扫描电镜观察表明,复合镀层的表面晶粒细小致密。能谱分析结果表明,镀层表面以Ni元素为主,且含有少量的Si和N。随着镀液中纳米Si3N4粒子含量的增加,镀层的显微硬度升高。热震法和划痕法实验表明,镀层与基体结合良好。     

用Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2钎料进行Si3N4的连接

本文用二种Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2(YAS)钎料进行Si3N4/Si3N4的连接研究.在20kPaN2,1450℃～1650℃保温15min的实验条件下,Si3N4/Si3N4的接头强度随连接温度的增加先增后降.微观分析表明:接头强度与YAS/Si3N4的界面扩散反应和接头残留玻璃相的厚度有关.     

Si_3N_4材料氧化的热力学分析

本文利用热力学计算的方法．分析了Si3N4材料在高温下发生氧化反应的可能性以及在氧化过程中的氧化反应方式。通过对Si3N4氧化和生成Si2N2O的热力学计算，得到了Si3N4氧化反应的△G°与温度之间的关系图和Si-N－O系统的相关系图，同时对Si3N4材料的氧化反应方式进杆了分析和讨论，揭示了发生“钝化氢化”和“活化氧化”的条件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.