PP/PDMS共混物连续挤出发泡成型研究

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,使用单螺杆挤出发泡系统研究了聚丙烯(PP)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)共混物的发泡成型过程,研究了口模温度和发泡剂用量对发泡样品膨胀率、泡孔密度以及口模压力的影响。研究发现,PP发泡样品的最终膨胀率对温度的关系呈现一种山峰状分布,说明了高温下的气体散失及低温下熔体的硬化结晶是影响发泡样品膨胀率的两个因素。研究还发现,发泡剂用量较高(质量分数为5%和7%)时,PDMS的加入能大大提高PP发泡样品的膨胀率,对于质量比为98/1/1的PP/PP-g-MAH/PDMS共混物,当发泡剂用量为5%时得到了最高膨胀率接近23倍的发泡样品。     

PP/PDMS共混物连续挤出发泡成型研究

以超临界CO2为发泡剂,使用单螺杆挤出发泡系统研究了聚丙烯(PP)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)共混物的发泡成型过程,研究了口模温度和发泡剂用量对发泡样品膨胀率、泡孔密度以及口模压力的影响.研究发现,PP发泡样品的最终膨胀率对温度的关系呈现一种山峰状分布,从而说明了高温下的气体散失及低温下熔体的硬化结晶是影响发泡样品膨胀率的2个因素.此外,PDMS的加入能大大提高发泡剂含量较高时PP发泡样品的膨胀率,对于质量比为98/1/1的PP/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)/PDMS共混物,当发泡剂质量分数为5%时得到了最高膨胀率接近23倍的发泡样品.     

PP/PS/nano-clay超临界CO_2连续挤出发泡成型研究

以聚丙烯(PP)/聚苯乙烯(PS)/纳米黏土(nano-clay)为研究对象,采用单螺杆连续发泡挤出机系统进行发泡,并用扫描电镜观察了发泡样品的泡孔结构。通过比较泡孔形态、发泡膨胀率、泡孔密度、泡孔直径等分析了PP/PS/nano-clay共混物组分配比对泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,将PP与PS共混,可以改善PP的发泡性能;同时,nano-clay的加入进一步改善了共混体系的发泡性能。随着nano-clay用量的增加,泡孔平均直径减小,泡孔密度增加,当nano-clay用量为5%(质量分数)时,制得了泡孔密度达到2.16×108个/cm3的微孔泡孔塑料。     

超临界二氧化碳挤出发泡聚丙烯研究

以超临界二氧化碳作为发泡剂,采用纳米黏土和长链支化聚丙烯(LCBPP)改性的线形聚丙烯(LPP)挤出发泡制备幅宽300 mm的发泡聚丙烯片材,研究了CO2注气量、机头温度和纳米黏土的加入对产品密度和泡孔密度的影响。结果表明,纳米黏土的加入可以有效改善聚丙烯的可发性。在注气档位为0.5,机头温度为157℃时得到的发泡聚丙烯片材密度为0.454 g/cm3,泡孔密度为3.37×107个/cm3。     

超临界二氧化碳辅助PP/UHMWPE挤出成型的研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳对超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)挤出成型的影响规律。首先将纯UHMWPE样条放到超临界二氧化碳中浸泡,研究对其力学性能的影响;然后在UHMWPE中加入一定量的聚丙烯(PP)进行共混,以改善UHMWPE的加工性能,并在通入超临界二氧化碳的条件下进行挤出成型。结果表明:超临界二氧化碳确能有效改善UHMWPE的加工性能,有利于UHMWPE成型加工;在超临界二氧化碳通入量一定条件下PP加入量对UHMWPE的加工性能和力学性能都有一定的提高。     

PP/PDMS共混物的连续挤出发泡成型

用二氧化碳作为发泡剂,利用串联发泡挤出系统研究了聚丙烯(PP)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合物的膨胀比及泡孔密度,同时用马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)作为增容剂来提高PDMS与PP的相容性。结果表明,混合物的最大膨胀比可达25倍,而纯PP的最大膨胀比只有8倍。另外,与纯PP相比,混合物的泡孔密度显著提高(尤其是在低发泡剂浓度时)。     

聚苯乙烯微孔发泡挤出成型研究

利用自行研制的超临界二氧化碳微孔发泡实验装置,研究了聚苯乙烯(PS)和PS/改性聚苯醚(MPPO)共混体系的微孔发泡挤出过程.通过对样品微观结构的表征,总结出挤出压力与制品微观结构之间的关系在挤出过程中总的趋势是挤出压力越高,制品的泡孔直径越小,泡孔密度越大.并分析了改性聚苯醚对聚苯乙烯体系的影响.     

超临界二氧化碳间歇式发泡法制备PP、PP/POE微孔发泡材料

采用超临界二氧化碳间歇式发泡法,成功制备了聚丙烯(PP)、PP/POE(乙烯-辛烯共聚物)微孔发泡材料。研究了发泡温度、饱和压力、POE含量对PP复合材料发泡性能的影响,并且,通过研究发泡材料的微观形貌、泡孔直径和膨胀倍率,得到最佳POE添加量。结果表明,在156℃、20 MPa条件下,PP可形成泡孔直径均一、高体积膨胀比的闭孔结构材料。加入POE后,PP复合材料的发泡性能得到改善,对发泡区间影响显著,PP/POE(80∶20)的发泡温度区在40℃以上;PP/POE(80∶20)随着发泡温度的上升,泡孔平均直径先增加后下降,泡孔密度和体积膨胀比逐渐增大;在120℃、20 MPa条件下,添加20%POE,得到了发泡范围大且泡孔均一性较好的发泡材料,泡孔密度为1.13×10¹¹个/cm³,泡孔孔径为2.81μm。     

发泡率30倍PP实现连续挤出成型

日本厂商最近开发出发泡倍率高达30倍的PP连续挤出成型技术，并开始推广应用。[第一段]     

超高发泡倍率PP实现连续挤出成型

日本厂商最近开发出发泡倍率高达30倍的连续挤出成型技术，并开始推广应用。     

Reactive extrusion of polypropylene with supercritical carbon dioxide: Free radical grafting of maleic anhydride

A reactive extrusion process for the functionalization of polypropylene with maleic anhydride in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. Supercritical carbon dioxide was used in this reactive extrusion system to reduce the viscosity of the polypropylene melt phase by forming a polymer–gas solution in order to promote better mixing of the reactants. Subsequently, the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the level of grafting, product homogeneity, and molecular weight was evaluated. Analysis of the products revealed that the use of supercritical carbon dioxide led to improved grafting when high levels of maleic anhydride were used. The experimental results showed no evidence of an improvement in the homogeneity of the product, while melt flow rate measurements showed a reduction in the degradation of polypropylene during the grafting reaction when low levels of maleic anhydride were employed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1116–1122, 2003     

超临界CO2清洗技术

介绍了超临界CO2清洗的工艺及其应用,分析了超临界CO2清洗在技术、经济及环保方面的特点。     

超临界二氧化碳釜压发泡法制备生物可降解PBAT发泡颗粒

通过超临界二氧化碳釜压发泡技术制备了生物可降解聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯?co?聚己二酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）发泡颗粒,采用核磁共振光谱仪（¹H?NMR）、凝胶渗透色谱仪（GPC）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对PBAT的化学组分及热性能进行了表征,并研究了渗透条件对PBAT发泡性能的影响。结果表明,PBAT中己二酸丁二醇（BA）和对苯二甲酸丁二醇（BT）链节含量分别为53 %和47 %（摩尔分数）;PBAT的玻璃化转变温度、最大熔融温度和结晶度分别是-33、122 ℃ 和13.16 %,其分解温度为280 ℃;当渗透温度从76 ℃增加到90 ℃时,PBAT发泡颗粒密度逐渐降低、发泡倍率逐渐增大,且该条件下制备的PBAT发泡颗粒放置1 d后密度增加、发泡倍率降低,继续延长放置时间至7 d时,其密度和发泡倍率保持不变;当渗透时间从0.5 h延长到2 h时,PBAT发泡颗粒密度逐渐降低、发泡倍率逐渐增加;当渗透时间从2 h延长到3 h时,其密度和发泡倍率保持不变;当渗透压力从10 MPa增加到12 MPa时,PBAT发泡颗粒密度逐渐降低、发泡倍率逐渐增加;当渗透压力从12 MPa增加到14 MPa时,其密度和发泡倍率保持不变。     

超临界二氧化碳技术的应用进展

超临界流体(SCF)因其具有很多优异特性而广泛应用于各个领域。主要介绍了超临界二氧化碳流体技术在萃取、制备超细颗粒材料、化学反应、酶催化、高分子科学、化学分析以及精密仪器清洗几个领域中的应用进展。     

超临界CO_2夹带乙醚协助三单体固相接枝改性聚丙烯

采用超临界CO2作为溶剂和溶胀剂,乙醚作为共溶剂,通过自由基聚合作用进行三单体BMA/St/MAH固相接枝改性聚丙烯。在43℃,8.2 MPa的超临界CO2流体作用下用三单体及引发剂AIBN溶胀PP,卸压后转移至圆底烧瓶中,在氮气保护下于85℃进行固相接枝,接枝率为2.99%。考察了溶胀时间、溶胀压力、溶胀温度以及共溶剂的用量对接枝率的影响。结果表明,通过改变溶胀压力、溶胀时间以及共溶剂的用量可以控制接枝的效果,共溶剂的加入有利于缩短溶胀时间。     

Stability of form II of syndiotactic polypropylene confirmed by cold and melt crystallization in supercritical carbon dioxide

The form II of syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) has been found more thermodynamically stable than form I when melt crystallized at pressures above 150 MPa, while the reverse occurs below 150 MPa. In the present study, through the cold and melt crystallization in supercritical CO₂ the stability of various polymorphic forms of sPP, especially form II, was confirmed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Compared with the formation of pure form I at high temperatures under ambient condition, a mixture of forms I and II was formed by both the cold and melt crystallization in supercritical CO₂. This atmosphere changed the relative stability of forms I and II, and made the form II more thermodynamically stable than form I. The increased solubility parameters of the surroundings, at which the form II was formed, also confirmed the stability of form II over form I in supercritical CO₂. The incubation pressure was the key factor affecting the formation and amount of form II. Supercritical CO₂ provides a combining severe condition to obtain the form II crystal, although its pressure was much lower than the elevated pressures (>150 MPa) reported before.     

Cell removal with supercritical carbon dioxide for acellular artificial tissue

BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to decellularize artificial tissue without using surfactant solutions. For this purpose, supercritical carbon dioxide was used as the extraction medium. RESULTS: Supercritical carbon dioxide containing a small amount of entrainer was a suitable medium to extract both cell nuclei and cell membranes from artificial tissue. Under gentle extraction conditions (15 MPa, 37 °C), cell nuclei were satisfactorily extracted from tissue within 1 h. In contrast, the efficiency of phospholipid removal depended strongly on the transfer rate of carbon dioxide in the interior of the tissue. Mechanical strength of tissue was not decreased even with prolonged treatment. CONCLUSION: Acellular artificial tissues could be prepared quickly by treatment with a carbon dioxide/entrainer system. The prepared acellular tissue could be obtained in absolutely dry condition. This is advantageous from the viewpoint of long‐term preservation without putrefaction and contamination. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide

Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide using a noncovalent imprinting approach. In the present work, propranolol was used as a model template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and divinylbenzene as a crosslinker. Under a high dilution condition, the heterogeneous polymerization resulted in discrete crosslinked polymer nanoparticles. Compared with the nonimprinted polymers, the imprinted nanoparticles displayed much higher propranolol uptake in a low polarity organic solvent. The use of a single enantiomer (S)‐propranolol as the template clearly demonstrated that the imprinted binding sites are chiral‐selective, with a cross‐reactivity towards (R)‐propranolol of less than 5%. The overall binding performance of the imprinted nanoparticles was comparable to imprinted polymers prepared in conventional organic solvents. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2863–2867, 2006     

Crystallinity development in cellular poly(lactic acid) in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide

This article investigates the crystallinity development in cellular poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the effect of the achieved crystalline content on its properties and microstructure. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) in its supercritical state was used as the expansion agent for three different grades of PLA that differed in terms of L‐lactic acid content. Cellular PLA was produced on a twin‐screw extrusion line using capillary dies of various diameters. The obtained crystalline contents were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The morphology of the cellular structures was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The crystallinity developed on expansion depended on L‐lactic acid content, on supercritical CO₂ concentration, polymer flow rate, and die diameter. Cellular PLA, with densities as low as 30 kg/m³, was obtained under the most favorable conditions. It was shown that the crystallinity development in PLA enhances its cellular structure formation and enables the fabrication of quality cellular materials at lower CO₂ concentration. The presence of PLA crystallites within expanded cell walls leads to a peculiar 2D‐cavitation phenomena observed only in the cell walls of semicrystalline foams. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Influence of supercritical CO2 on the interactions between maleated polypropylene and alkyl‐ammonium organoclay

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) has been proposed as an effective exfoliating agent for the preparation of polymer‐layered silicate nanocomposites, though there is limited fundamental understanding of this mechanism. This study looks at the interactions of this unique green solvent with three maleated polypropylenes of varying anhydride content and molecular size with an alkyl‐ammonium organoclay. Mixtures of compatibilizers and organoclay were melt‐annealed in a high pressure batch vessel at 200°C and subjected to either a blanket of nitrogen or scCO₂ at a pressure of 9.7 MPa. The structures and properties of these melt‐annealed mixtures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact angle measurement. The results indicate that the plasticizing influence of scCO₂ aided intercalation and exfoliation for intercalants of moderate molecular size and anhydride content which would otherwise have limited diffusion into the clay galleries. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011