聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料力学及电性能研究

利用超声分散和原位聚合的方法制备了聚氨酯／碳纳米管((PUR／CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs含量对复合材料力学性能和电性能的影响。结果表明,CNTs在基体中获得了较好的分散,当CNTs质量分数为2％时复合材料的力学性能得到全面提高,与PUR相比,拉伸强度提高11．6％,拉伸弹性模量提高11．3％,断裂伸长率提高10．4％;复合材料的导电性能得到明显的提高,在CNTs质量分数为0．5％时可用作抗静电材料。     

制备方法对聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料性能的影响

对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行酸改性,采用溶液共混法和原位聚合法制备了聚氨酯(PU)/CNTs复合材料,考察了CNTs对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性能和弹性回复率的影响.结果表明,与PU相比,用该2种方法制备的PU/CNTs复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能都有所提高,但用原位聚合法提高的程度较大,而制备方法对复合材料的弹性回复性影响不大.     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管功能复合材料的电学性能研究

采用溶液共混法制备了聚氨酯(PUR)/碳纳米管(CNTs)功能复合材料,并分别利用磁力分散和超声分散方法对CNTs进行分散,探讨了CNTs含量对PUR/CNTs复合材料电学性能的影响。结果表明,利用超声分散方法比磁力分散方法获得的CNTs在基体中的分散效果更好,并且随着超声分散时间的延长,分散效果越好;当分散时间为2 h、CNTs的质量分数为5%时,PUR/CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率趋于稳定,可以降到50 MΩ.cm,比纯PUR的体积电阻率下降了6个数量级。     

PUR/OMMT纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用预聚法和原位插层聚合两种方法制备出了聚氨酯(PUR)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,考察了复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性能。结果表明,两种方法制备的复合材料的硬度、拉伸与撕裂强度、断裂伸长率均高于纯PUR。与纯PUR相比,原位插层聚合法制备的复合材料的热分解温度提高了20℃,氧指数提高了23.5%;预聚体法制备的复合材料的分解温度提高了15℃,氧指数提高了13.5%。对比可知,原位插层聚合法制备的复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能明显提高,韧性得到增强。     

原位聚合法制备聚氨酯/蒙脱土复合材料研究

采用原位聚合方法制备了蒙脱土( MMT)在聚氨酯(PUR)基体内呈不同分散状态的PUR/MMT复合材料.PUR预聚反应结束后加入MMT制备的PUR/MMT,MMT片层间距增大,基本以插层状态存在;利用异氰酸酯与MMT上的羟基官能团反应,使部分PUR分子链的硬段部分连接在MMT片层之上,可以使MMT片层在PUR基体内几乎...     

CNTs表面包覆PPy对PVC复合材料电导率的影响

为促进碳纳米管(CNTs)更为有效地应用于聚合物抗静电复合材料,采用原位聚合在CNTs表面生成聚吡咯(PPy)包覆层得到CNT-PPy,其组成通过傅立叶变换红外光谱分析和热重分析确认。CNT-PPy作为导电剂添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中制备PVC/CNT-PPy复合材料,对比分析PVC/CNT-PPy复合材料电导率的变化规律可得:PPy修饰CNTs可降低PVC/CNT-PPy复合材料中CNTs的逾渗阈值;当PPy包覆层在CNT-PPy中质量分数约为51.1%,CNT-PPy在复合材料中的质量分数为3%时,制得PVC复合材料的电导率可达到10–7 S/cm量级。由此可知,CNTs表面可控的PPy修饰量对PVC/CNTs复合材料抗静电性能起到显著的提升作用,为CNTs作为高性能导电剂应用提供更多的空间。     

GF增强PLA复合材料的界面设计及性能研究

从复合材料的界面设计出发,分别采用聚醚型聚氨酯(PUR)预聚体和硅烷偶联剂KH-560来处理玻璃纤维(GF),制备了相应的GF增强聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,对其界面及力学性能进行研究。结果表明,经聚醚型PUR预聚体处理过的GF能显著提高PLA的缺口冲击强度,当GF质量分数为20%时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度分别比纯PLA提高111.9%和51.9%;扫描电子显微镜表明,经聚醚型PUR预聚体处理过的GF与PLA基体形成了良好的柔性界面层,相比于硅烷偶联剂处理后的刚性粘接界面,这种柔性界面能有效改善PLA的脆性。     

聚(1,4-亚萘基)苯并双噁唑/碳纳米管复合材料的合成及性能

以4,6-二氨基-1,3-苯二酚盐酸盐(DADHB)、1,4-萘二甲酸(1,4-NDA)为原料,在多聚磷酸体系中合成了聚(1,4-亚萘基)苯并双噁唑(PNBO);利用原位聚合法制备了聚(1,4-亚萘基)苯并双噁唑碳/纳米管(CNTs)复合材料.分析结果表明PNBO/CNTs复合材料的热稳定性明显高于PNBO聚合物.     

碳纳米管改性双马来酰亚胺树脂体系的性能

采用原位聚合法将碳纳米管(CNTs)与双马来酰亚胺(BMI)复合制备BMI/CNTs复合材料,通过差示扫描量热仪分析了CNTs的用量对BMI树脂体系反应活性的影响。研究了CNTs的用量对复合材料静态力学性能、动态力学性能及耐湿热老化性能的影响。结果表明,随着CNTs用量的增多,体系的反应活性呈降低趋势,而力学性能、耐湿热性能均有所提高;当CNTs质量分数为1.5%时,复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了近63.1%和10%,其后随CNTs用量的增大均略有下降。     

聚乙二醇/碳纳米管复合多孔凝胶的合成与表征

将定向冰晶模板致孔技术引入到冰冻聚合过程当中,制备出具有取向性孔结构的聚乙二醇(PEG)多孔凝胶。在凝胶内表面的孔壁上吸附沉积一层致密的碳纳米管(CNTs),得到一种特殊的PEG/CNTs复合多孔凝胶。通过对PEG凝胶的共聚改性,可以使得吸附的CNTs层更加均匀、致密,沉积的CNTs的含量达到1.0%(wt),而未经改性的PEG凝胶只能吸附约0.08%(wt)的CNTs。该复合凝胶在干燥状态下的导电率为1.5×10-1 S·m-1,比相同CNTs含量下,用常规原位聚合方法制备的CNTs复合凝胶的导电率(2.7×10-4 S·m-1)高出3个数量级;比用相同聚合方法制备的未经过改性的复合凝胶(2.9×10-4 S.m-1)也要高出3个数量级。该复合凝胶在充分溶胀状态下的导电率为5.2×10-2 S·m-1,比相同CNTs含量下,用常规原位聚合方法制备的CNTs复合凝胶的导电率高出2个数量级。     

碳纳米管和偶联剂协同作用对热塑性复合材料力学性能的影响

将碳纳米管（CNTs）和硅烷偶联剂（AMEO）分散至纤维表面,制备聚芳硫醚（PAS）/玻璃纤维布/CNTs/AMEO复合材料,并探究复合材料的表面形貌和力学性能。结果表明：未经偶联剂处理的体系中,CNTs与纤维的结合性较弱。将CNTs进行羧化和偶联剂处理,能够提高CNTs和纤维之间的结合强度,提升纤维与PAS之间的应力传递,进一步提高复合材料的力学性能。当AMEO加入量为400、800、1 200、1 600μL/gCNTs,复合材料的拉伸强度分别为352、381、403、390 MPa,弯曲强度分别为380、414、443、478 MPa。由此得出,CNTs和AMEO协同作用明显提高复合材料的力学性能。     

硅酸盐纳米纤维/氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的性能

研究了热处理时间、偶联剂类型及用量和针状硅酸盐(FS)对硅酸盐纳米纤维/氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,微米颗粒的FS在HNBR中能够被解离成纳米纤维,并具有优良的增强效果。FS/HNBR复合材料具有短纤维增强橡胶复合材料的应力-应变特性和各向异性,硅烷偶联剂的加入和热处理能够提高复合材料的力学性能。热处理10min、FS用量为50质量份、偶联剂选用KH-570且其用量为2质量份时复合材料的力学性能较好。     

改性木纤维/PVC复合材料界面及性能的研究

比较了硅烷偶联剂处理、氢氧化钠溶液浸泡与硅烷偶联剂双重处理,接枝改性等3种木纤维表面处理方法对木纤维/PVC复合材料界面及性能的影响,通过扫描电镜照片发现接枝改性木纤维在PVC基体中分散更均匀,与PVC界面相容性好.接枝改性木纤维/PVC复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能有明显提高.最后分析了木纤维接枝改性处理时引发剂用量对复合材料力学性能的影响.     

偶联剂对PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料3D打印性能的影响

以聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）为基体,杨木粉（WF）为填充增强材料,使用混炼机熔融共混制备PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料,采用熔融沉积成型（FDM）技术制备标准实验试样,通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱分析、旋转流变测试以及力学试验等方法,研究不同含量的硅烷偶联剂KH550对PLA/PBAT共混物以及PLA/PBAT/WF的相容性、流变性及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在偶联剂用量为3 %（质量分数,下同）时,拉伸强度提高了136 %;偶联剂KH550与 PLA和PBAT共价键偶联生成接枝聚合物,二者相容性得到提高;同时偶联剂与WF表面羟基发生缩聚反应有效的改善了其与PLA/PBAT的基体相容性,PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料的FDM的制件力学性能得到较大提升;复合材料的黏度随偶联剂含量的增加呈下降的趋势,含量为3 %时线材的综合打印性能及制品质量最佳。     

Effects of silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene on the morphology and viscoelastic properties of polypropylene–mica composites

In this study, morphology, and dynamic and mechanical properties of polypropylene–mica (PP–Mica) composites were investigated. To enhance the adhesion between PP and mica, maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (MAPP) and treated mica with silane coupling agent were used. MAPP (as a compatibilizer) and silane coupling agent (as a filler surface modifier) caused an interfacial bonding in the mica filled polypropylene composites. The effect of mica content, MAPP, and treated mica with silane coupling agent on the morphological properties were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that with increasing MAPP or silane coupling agent, dispersion of filler and adhesion between PP and filler were improved. Mechanical data showed that with increasing MAPP and mica treated with silane coupling agent, tensile modulus and flextural strength of composites were enhanced. Dynamic rheological behavior of composites was also investigated within the domain of linear viscoelasticity. The rheological observations indicated that the complex viscosity, storage and loss moduli increased, and tan δ decreased with increasing mica content. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:491–496, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

碳纳米管的表面修饰及其对环氧树脂热性能的影响研究

先后利用Fenton试剂和缩水甘油氧丙基硅烷偶联剂(KH560)对碳纳米管（CNTs）进行表面修饰,制备了不同种类的环氧树脂(EP)/CNTs复合材料并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明：CNTs经过Fenton试剂处理后,其表面成功引入羟基,进一步用KH560修饰后成功地引入了环氧基官能团。Fenton试剂的组成可以有效控制羟基基团的数目,并进一步决定环氧基官能团的数目。单独采用Fenton试剂处理或Fenton试剂和KH560共同处理都可以改善CNTs的分散性能,提高EP/CNTs复合材料的玻璃化温度（Tg）和热稳定性能,但后者的处理效果更好。     

Structure and mechanical properties of nanodispersed fibrous silicate‐reinforced ethylene–propylene–diene monomer nanocomposites

In this study, ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)/fibrillar silicate (FS) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by mechanically blending EPDM with FS, which was modified by silane coupling agent KH570 containing methacryloxy group. The effects of silane content and modified FS on the dispersion of FS and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The impact of water in FS on mechanical properties of the composites was also evaluated. The results showed that modified FS could be dissociated into nanofibers dispersing evenly in the EPDM matrix by increasing substantially the loading of silane through the mechanical blending. The optimum loading level of silane coupling agent was up to 24 phr/100 phr FS. Silane KH570 could improve the dispersion of FS and strengthen nanofibers–rubber interfacial adhesion even at the loading of as high as 50 phr FS, making FS to exhibit excellent reinforcement to EPDM. Too much FS could not be completely dissociated into nanofibers, slowing down further improvement. The EPDM/FS composites exhibited the similar stress–strain behavior and obvious mechanical anisotropy with short microfiber‐reinforced rubber composites. With the increase in silane coupling agent and modified FS, the number of nanofibers increased because of the exfoliation of FS microparticles; thus, the mechanical behaviors would become more obvious. It was suggested that the free water in FS should be removed before mechanically blending EPDM with FS because it obviously affected the tensile properties of the composites. Regardless of whether FS was dried or modified, the EPDM/FS composites changed little in tensile strength after soaked in hot water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

硅烷偶联剂KH-550和Si-69增容粉煤灰/废胶粉复合材料

采用硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]四硫化物(Si-69)对粉煤灰(FA)/废胶粉(URP)复合材料进行增容,考察了偶联剂用量和加入方式对复合材料性能的影响,并对复合材料的结构和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,KH-550和Si-69均可以改善FA与URP的相容性,提高复合材料的力学性能;Si-69的增容效果好于KH-550,最佳的Si-69/FA/URP(质量比)为1.0/40/100。采用硅烷偶联剂与FA混合、再与URP混合的分步加入方式,与同步加入方式相比,制备的复合材料更易成型,且复合材料的力学性能、耐磨性能和耐热老化性能更好。与KH-550相比,用Si-69改性的FA/URP复合材料,其相界面更为模糊,无孔洞。硅烷偶联剂改性的FA/URP复合材料中有Si—O生成。     

改性粉煤灰填充SBS复合材料流动性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂分别对粉煤灰进行改性,并用熔融共混法制备了改性粉煤灰填充SBS（styrene-butadiene-styrene）复合材料,考察了复合材料的流动性能。研究表明：在实验考察的用量范围内,两种偶联剂改性粉煤灰填充SBS复合材料的流动性均随用量的增加而降低;当改性粉煤灰用量相同时,硅烷偶联剂改性粉煤灰填充SBS复合材料的熔融指数较钛酸酯偶联剂改性的小,流动性较差。     

The property of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene‐based conductive composites filled by nickel‐coated carbon fiber and nickel–graphite powder

The filled conductive composites were prepared with a polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene matrix and both nickel‐coated carbon fiber (NiCF) and nickel–graphite powder (NCG) as fillers by using injection molding and injection‐compression molding. The effect of the NiCF content, NCG content, coupling agent, and molding methods on the properties of composites was studied. The results showed that the conductivity of the composites increased with raising the NiCF content and NCG content. NiCF treated with silane coupling agent could further improve the conductivity of the composites without any significant change in mechanical properties. Furthermore, compared with injection molding, the composites prepared by injection‐compression molding possessed better conductivity. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:157–163, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers