64K数字专线通道在电能量采集系统中的应用及故障处理

分析64K数字专线通道在电能量采集系统中的应用情况,提出一种基于KLD-3001C硬件电路板,"打环测试、分段定位"的64K数字专线通道故障处理方法。     

A Simulative Model for the Analysis of Conduction Properties of Ion Channels Based on First-Principle Approaches

A physical model and a simulation framework are proposed for the analysis of conduction properties of ion channels. The permeation path of ions along the channel is defined through the simultaneous occupancy of a set of individual ion binding sites within the pore identified from structural X-ray data and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. All permitted elementary transitions between different channel configurations and their rate constants can be evaluated from the atomistic structure and MD data and are implemented into a statistical model which is then coded in a Monte Carlo simulator. Results for K ions permeating the KcsA channel are shown.     

基于TRCSP和L2范数的脑电通道选择方法

脑-机接口（BCI）系统常用高密度电极通道来获取较高空间分辨率的脑电（EEG）信号，但同时也会引入过多的噪声通道，影响脑电的解码性能。为了消除无关的噪声通道，提出了一种基于Tikhonov正则化共空间模式（TRCSP）和L2范数的运动想象脑电通道选择方法。首先基于TRCSP和分类器得到最优的空间滤波器，接着基于L2范数对空间滤波器得到的各通道的权重值进行排序。选择前K个通道的数据进行CSP特征提取，根据分类器的分类准确率确定最优K值，进而得到最优的通道数和通道组合。在实验中，使用6种分类器分别在BCI竞赛III（2005）数据集IVa和实验室自采集数据上验证所提出的通道选择方法的有效性。所提出的方法在两个数据集上的平均分类准确率分别达到了87.57%和74.32%，优于其它现有的方法。     

Combination of variable frequency train stimulation and K/sup +/ channel blockade to augment skeletal muscle force

Several innovative approaches are being used to optimize the input-output relationship of muscle, including nonlinear stimulation paradigms and altering muscle membrane ion channel conductances. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of the K+ channel blocker, 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP), and variable frequency train (VFT) stimulation improves muscle force to a greater extent than either modality alone. Studies were done in vitro on rat diaphragm muscle and contractions were quantified with respect to peak force, mean force, and force area. DAP increased all three force parameters by >50% during conventional 10-20-Hz stimulation, whereas VFT stimulation improved contractile performance for peak force only. When combined, DAP and VFT stimulation augmented peak force to a significantly greater extent than either modality alone. However, this came at a cost of a moderate decline in force area relative to DAP alone, although mean force was preserved. These force increases were generally well-maintained over the course of short-term repetitive stimulation. Thus, VFT stimulation and K+ channel blockade interact in a complex manner to modulate skeletal muscle force. The utility of the combined intervention for functional electrical stimulation may be greatest for mechanical tasks requiring high force levels early during the contraction.     

OFDM实现低压电力线高速数据通信

介绍了低压电力线用于数据传输的接入方式和信道特性,在分析了正交频分复用OFDM原理的基础上,提出采用Altera公司的APEX20K系列可编程逻辑器件PLD的OFDM基带硬件解决方案,并用matlab模拟信道特性对结果进行了分析。     

Inotropic effects of the K+ channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyridine: differential responses of rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus.

The K+ channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyrindine (DAP) increases diaphragm force, use of which could potentially improve muscle performance during functional neuromuscular stimulation. To determine the extent of hindlimb muscle force augmentation, and delineate whether DAP effects vary in muscles comprised of mainly slow versus fast fibers, rat soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscle samples were studied in vitro. DAP increased force of all three muscles, but at high concentrations the force increases were transient and were followed by declines in force below baseline. The maximum DAP-induced twitch force increase was smaller for soleus (38 +/-7%) than both EDL (94+/-12%) (P < 0.05) and diaphragm (93+/-13%) (P < 0.01). During fatigue-inducing 20 Hz stimulation (tested at an intermediate DAP concentration), force of soleus muscle remained significantly elevated by DAP for the entire testing period, force of DAP-treated EDL muscle rapidly declined to values in untreated muscle, and force of DAP-treated diaphragm had an intermediate force-time profile. Muscles varied in extent to which isometric contractile kinetics were altered by DAP. Thus, the K+ channel blocker DAP improves contractile performance of limb muscles, but the profile of improvement is distinct between the soleus and EDL muscles.     

Characterization of Piezoelectric Shear Mode Inkjet Actuator

ABSTRACT

Impedance analysis was used to characterize the properties of Piezoelectric Shear Mode Inkjet Actuators. Ceramic actuators poled parallel to the channel walls exhibit good performance. Applying high voltage the actuators can be depolarized at high temperature or even re-poled perpendicular to the channel walls. This limits the drive pulse and the bias voltage below the coercive voltage. The leakage current also has been studied with various conditions. For the ferroelectric ceramic materials, the Schottky barrier also can be measured at definite voltage and temperature ranges, the corresponding Barrier for the Al/PZT contact is 0.98 eV. A pronounced low-temperature dielectric relaxation process was observed between 100–150 K; the relaxation rate fellows the Arrhenius law, the fitted activation energy is 0.194 eV. The resonance frequency increases as decreasing the temperature because of increasing for the stiffness coefficient at low temperature.     

多通道在线涡流检测系统研制

针对当前工业生产线上对涡流检测设备多通道、高速化的需求,设计了一种可应用于在线检测的多通道涡流检测系统。系统由涡流信号处理电路、多通道数据采集系统、基于Vxworks系统的实时控制计算机、数据管理计算机以及相关软件组成。涡流信号处理电路的激励频率范围为300 Hz～3 MHz,灵敏度0～72 dB可调。多通道数据采集系统能同时对四路涡流检测信号进行采集,每个通道采集率可达200 K,能够满足1 200 m/min生产线上穿过式涡流检测的需求。涡流检测数据可通过PC104总线送往实时控制计算机以进行缺陷识别和标注。数据管理计算机可实时显示当前检测试件的阻抗平面图并储存缺陷数据,还可对检测参数进行调节以适应不同的检测条件。薄壁铜管的穿过式涡流检测实验表明,系统具备多通道检测能力,检测信号信噪比高,对0.6 mm微小缺陷有很好的检测效果。     

多用户MIMO下行链路物理层安全研究

随着无线通信的迅猛发展,如何实现信息的安全传输,越来越受到研究人员的广泛关注。考虑实际的通信场景,即发送端已知不完备的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI),研究了多用户多输入多输出下行链路的物理层安全性能。具体而言,以最大化系统安全容量为多用户调度准则,采用最大比传输波束成形方案,获得了系统安全中断概率(secrecy outage probability,SOP)的闭合表达式及在高SNR下的渐近结果。除此之外,也获得了在已知完备CSI情形下,系统SOP的准确的理论结果及渐近结果。研究表明:已知不完备CSI情形下,网络可获得的分集增益为K;已知完备CSI情形下,分集增益为K×N_B×N_S,其中K、N_B、N_S分别代表用户数目,基站的天线数目和用户的天线数目。最终,通过蒙特卡洛仿真,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Operational Analysis of a Quantum Dot Optically Gated Field-Effect Transistor as a Single-Photon Detector

We report on the operation of a novel single-photon detector, where a layer of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) is used as an optically addressable floating gate in a GaAs/Al_0.2Ga_0.8As delta-doped field-effect transistor. Photogenerated holes charge the QDs, and subsequently, change the amount of current flowing through the channel by screening the internal gate field. The photoconductive gain associated with this process makes the structure extremely sensitive to light of the appropriate wavelength. We investigate the charge storage and resulting persistent photoconductivity by performing time-resolved measurements of the channel current and of the photoluminescence emitted from the QDs under laser illumination. In addition, we characterize the response of the detector, and investigate sources of photogenerated signals by using the Poisson statistics of laser light. The device exhibits time-gated, single-shot, single-photon sensitivity at a temperature of 4 K. It also exhibits a linear response, and detects photons absorbed in its dedicated absorption layer with an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of up to (68 plusmn18)%. Given the noise of the detection system, the device is shown to operate with an IQE of (53 plusmn 11)% and dark counts of 0.003 counts per shot for a particular discriminator level.     

High-speed optoelectronic VLSI switching chip with >4000 opticalI/O based on flip-chip bonding of MQW modulators and detectors tosilicon CMOS

We present the first high-speed optoelectronic very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) switching chip using III-V optical modulators and detectors flip-chip bonded to silicon CMOS. The circuit, which consists of an array of 16×1 switching nodes, has 4096 optical detectors and 256 optical modulators and over 140K transistors. All but two of the 4352 multiple-quantum-well diodes generate photocurrent in response to light. Switching nodes have been tested at data rates above 400 Mb/s per channel, the delay variation across the chip is less than ±400 ps, and crosstalk from neighboring nodes is more than 45 dB below the desired signal. This circuit demonstrates the ability of this hybrid device technology to provide large numbers of high-speed optical I/O with complex electrical circuitry     

基于LabVIEW的SMES监测系统

超导磁储能系统（SMES）运行在低温环境中,需要监测多通道的电压、温度和磁场强度信号,利用LabVIEW图形化编程的优点,研制了一种基于LabVIEW的SMES监测系统,该系统能够实现多通道的数据采集、处理、显示和保存,针对非标准温度探头信号转换的难点,利用LabVIEW中的公式节点,将温度误差控制在0.3K以内,在波形图中实现了多通道信号的比较,便于掌握SMES磁体各部位的温度,这有利于监测SMES的运行状态,将数据保存为常用的Excel文件,有助于数据分析.系统操作简单,方便科研人员的使用.     

Study of self-heating effects in SOI and conventional MOSFETs with electro-thermal particle-based device simulator

In this paper we present a study of self-heating effects in nanoscale SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) devices and conventional MOSFETs using an in-house electro-thermal particle-based device simulator. We first describe the key features of the electro-thermal Monte Carlo device simulator (the two-dimensional (2D) and the three-dimensional version (3D) of the tool) and then we present a series of representative simulation results that clearly illustrate the importance of self-heating in larger nanoscale devices made in SOI technology. Our simulation results for planar SOI devices (using 2D version of the tool) show that in the smallest devices considered, heat dissipation occurs in the contacts, not in the active channel region of the device. This is because of two factors: pronounced velocity overshoot effect and the smaller thermal resistance of the buried oxide layer. We propose methods in which heat can be effectively removed from the device by using silicon on diamond and silicon on AlN technologies. To simulate self heating in nanowire transistors, the 2D simulator was extended to three spatial dimensions. We study the interplay of Coulomb interactions due to the presence of a random trap at the source end of the channel in nanowire transistors, the influence of a positive and a negative trap on the magnitude of the on-current and the role of the potential barrier at the source end of the channel. Finally, we examine the importance of self-heating effects in conventional MOSFETs used for low-power applications. We find that the average temperature increase obtained with our simulator of about 10 K is almost identical to the value that has to be used in low-power circuit simulations.     

Instrumentation for high-speed digital recording of switchingsurges

Three sophisticated monitoring systems were developed and used to make unattended measurements of over 600 switching surges on 33 motors at 11 different utilities. The authors describe in detail one of the recording systems which relies on ECL (emitted coupler logic) digital electronics and high-speed commercial digitizers to measure the multiple, fast-risetime, high-voltage surges typically created by vacuum circuit breaker switching operations. This three-channel monitoring system is capable of digitizing a voltage waveform at 5 ns intervals and has 64 K bytes of memory per channel. The digitizer sampling rate is varied in real time to allow high-speed recording of up to 256 transients. Wideband capacitive voltage dividers with a flat response from below power frequencies to 20 MHz were designed to bolt directly onto the motor terminals and were used to couple the surges to the monitoring system. Results from typical field measurements made with this system on motors controlled by vacuum switchgear are also reported     

多馈入HVDC的模糊自适应协调阻尼控制器设计

提出一种基于广域测量系统的多馈入高压直流（HVDC）模糊自适应协调阻尼控制器。该控制器在传统的单输入单输出控制结构基础上增加了一个模糊逻辑单元,自适应地在线调整系统的移相角。同时,增益K与模糊逻辑单元联调,以保证移相环节参数改变后整个控制通道的增益保持不变。利用Prony辨识算法和极点配置法对该阻尼控制器的固定参数进行了整定,并对整定后的参数进行了协调优化。以中国南方电网2007年网络结构为对象,给出了该模糊自适应协调阻尼控制器的设计过程及仿真结果。结果表明：该阻尼控制器能快速、有效地阻尼区域间振荡,提高交流联络线的传输能力,对不同的网络结构具有鲁棒性,可明显改善多馈入HVDc系统的稳定性。     

催化表面分布对甲醇蒸汽重整制氢过程的影响

为了强化微通道中甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢,考察了催化表面布置对该反应过程的影响。利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT中的通用有限速率模型对甲醇水蒸汽重整过程进行了二维数值研究。计算表明,在相同的反应条件下,通过对微通道中催化表面的间断分布可以提高反应通道出口甲醇的转化率,且随进口温度和速度的增加这一效果更加明显。在进口温度为513K、进口速度为1.0m/s下转化率提高达10.2%。虽然催化表面的间断分布使通道内温度分布变得不均匀,但并不影响甲醇转化率的提高。对微通道内采用涂层催化剂的非均相催化反应过程而言,间断分布可以提高催化表面利用率,节约催化剂的用量。     

一种用于多信道无线Mesh网络的信道分配方法

合理地分配信道是提高多信道无线Mesh网络性能的关键。针对动态信道分配策略平均吞吐率较低的不足,采用相对平衡理论,提出了一种基于可通邻居节点可用信道表的信道分配方法,给出了该方法的主要步骤和具体实现过程,并分析了时间复杂度。节点在进行数据发送前,利用可通邻居节点的可用信道集合,建立可通邻居节点可用信道表和信道优先级队列,在此基础上,选取一个最优信道,并使用改进的RTS/CTS协议进行信道协商和数据收发控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在平均吞吐率方面提高了5.2%。     

电力线通信系统中的信道训练和信道估计方案

在对电力线信道进行估计的过程中采用信号处理方法,将通信数据与部分已知的训练数据相结合,通过在频域和时域进行信号变换和算法处理实现了电力线通信中的信道训练与数据通信的兼容性和实时性,节省了信道的带宽并提高了信道估计的准确性和稳定性。最后通过实验证明了所提出的信号处理算法的有效性。     

一种线路纵差保护通道监测的新方法

介绍了一种线路纵联差动保护的通道监测新方法,包括如下步骤:线路两侧差动保护装置按设计的报文帧格式相互通信;计算并存储每一帧报文传送的通道延时;根据判据不等式判断通道延时的稳定性,若通道延时满足判据不等式则判为通道运行不稳定,闭锁保护功能。该方法通过实时监测通道延时跃变,较好地避开了路由转换中的风险,充分考虑到在通道路由切换的过程中保证差动保护的可靠性,消除保护装置误动作的事故。判据针对的是通道延时跃变时间而非通道延时本身,对不同延时的通道具有自适应性,兼顾了高可靠性和高灵敏性。     

Studying the structure of a zone in which the single-phase flow moving in an annular channel with partially blocked cross section becomes spatially disturbed

The flow of liquid in an annular channel with a partially shaded flow section is experimentally studied using the electrodiffusion method. The effect on the flow structure produced by a shutter closing one-quarter of the channel cross section is shown. An obstacle installed in the channel causes the flow to attain a 3D structure. The flow pattern in such channel differs significantly from that observed in undisturbed flow moving in an annular channel. It is revealed that the friction stress values measured on the channel’s inner wall depend essentially on the azimuth angle over the channel height. With distance away from the obstacle, the influence it has on the hydrodynamic flow structure tends to decrease, but the disturbance produced by it does not die out completely even at a distance of more than 600 mm from the obstacle. Data quantitatively characterizing the disturbance of flow structure in the studied channel are presented.