Effects of laser energy density on forming accuracy and tensile strength of selective laser sintering resin coated sands

Baozhu sand particles with size between 75 μm and 150 μm were coated by resin with the ratio of 1.5 wt.% of sands. Laser sintering experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of laser energy density（E = P/v）, with different laser power（P） and scanning velocity（v）, on the dimensional accuracy and tensile strength of sintered parts. The experimental results indicate that with the constant scanning velocity, the tensile strength of sintered samples increases with an increase in laser energy density; while the dimensional accuracy apparently decreases when the laser energy density is larger than 0.032 J·mm^-2. When the laser energy density is 0.024 J·mm^-2, the tensile strength shows no obvious change; but when the laser energy density is larger than 0.024 J·mm^-2, the sample strength is featured by the initial increase and subsequent decrease with simultaneous increase of both laser power and scanning velocity. In this study, the optimal energy density range for laser sintering is 0.024-0.032 J·mm^-2. Moreover, samples with the best tensile strength and dimensional accuracy can be obtained when P = 30-40 W and v = 1.5-2.0 m·s^-1. Using the optimized laser energy density, laser power and scanning speed, a complex coated sand mould with clear contour and excellent forming accuracy has been successfully fabricated.     

Research on testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength

High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength, a self-developed instrument was used to carry out experiments, and the sample shape and size were designed and studied. The results show that a hollow cylinder sample can reflect the strength difference of different resin sands better than a solid cylinder sample, and its data is stable. The experiments selected Φ20/5×30 mm as the size of the hollow cylinder samples. The high temperature compressive strengths of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, furan resin self-setting sand, and TEA resin sand were each tested. For the resin sand used for cast steel and cast iron, 1,000 oC was selected as the test temperature; for the resin sand used for cast non-ferrous al oy, 800 oC was selected as the test temperature; and for all the resin sand samples, 1 min was selected as the holding time. This testing method can truthfully reflect the high temperature performance of three kinds of resin sand; it is reproducible, and the variation coefficients of test values are under 10%.     

A numerical strength analysis of metal matrix composites considering the interface and matrix damage evolution

A numerical micromechanical method is adopted here to investigate the tensile strength of metal matrix composites (MMC) by considering interface and matrix damage evolution. A cohesive zone model is employed to simulate the fiber/matrix interface damage. The damage in the matrix, which characterizes microvoid nucleation, growth and coalescence, is described in term of the Gurson-Tvergaard material model. These damage models are performed to a boundary value problem that involves a double periodic array of elastic continuous fibers in the elastic-plastic matrix subjected to transverse loads. The main attempt is made to investigate effects of interface strength and toughness on tensile strength of MMC.     

晶向对金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响

基于分子动力学方法,建立了[100]、[110]、[111]三种常见沉积晶向的硬质合金基底金刚石涂层膜基界面模型。采用Morse势函数、Tersoff势函数以及LJ势函数相互耦合的方法,对模型原子间的相互作用进行了精确表征,借助分子动力学仿真软件Lammps对以上模型的力学性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明:沉积晶向为[100]的金刚石涂层膜基界面拉伸强度最大,[111]晶向次之,[110]晶向最小,并且弹性模量值随涂层晶向的变化规律与之趋同。     

Effect of kaolin on tensile strength and humidity resistance of a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core

Water soluble cores(WSCs) have been widely applied in manufacture of complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels. However, the WSCs without any additons have low tensile strength and low humidity resistance. The purpose of this study is to prepare a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core with addition of kaolin by the hot-temping method. The effects of kaolin on tensile strength, humidity resistance, fracture mechanism, as well as the gas evolution and collapsibility of WSCs were investigated. Results show that both the crystal morphology and the fracture mechanism of the inorganic salt are changed under the participation of kaolin, contributing to the increase of the tensile strength and the humidity resistance of the core. With the addition of 3wt.% kaolin, the tensile strength could be increased by a factor of 2, reached 1.50 MPa and the hygroscopic rate could be decreased by 14%, achieved 0.559%(after stored for 8 h), respectively. As the addition amount of kaolin increases from 0wt.% to 3wt.%, the main fracture mechanism changes from a adhesive to a cohesive fracture mechanism. The water-soluble potassium carbonate core obtained has the low gas evolution and excellent collapsibility, which makes it suitable for casting low melting metal with complex cavities and crooked channels.     

Ti对Mo-Ti合金拉伸强度及显微组织的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备Mo-Ti合金,研究合金元素添加方式及添加量对材料拉伸强度和显微组织的影响。结果表明,添加Ti112粉末所制备的合金的拉伸强度及相对密度均较添加纯Ti粉末的合金高,当添加量（质量分数）为0．8％时合金拉伸强度最高。显微组织分析结果表明,一部分Ti固溶到Mo基体,提高材料的拉伸强度,另一部分则与Mo及合金中的氧结合形成MoxTiyOz复合氧化物第二相粒子,起到细化晶粒及净化晶界的作用。     

Effects of segregating elements on the adhesive strength and structure of the α-Al2O3/β-NiAl interface

We investigate with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) the adhesion of the Al₂O₃(0 0 0 1)/NiAl(1 1 0) interface as a model for the thermally grown oxide/bond coat alloy interface in thermal barrier coatings. We find that the clean interface has an ideal work of adhesion of 0.66 J m⁻². We predict that S impurities reduce interfacial adhesion significantly, due to a reduction in cross-interface bonds. The presence of Pt alters the interface adhesion only slightly, while Hf dopants dramatically increase adhesion via formation of strong Hf–O bonds, as expected from Hf’s open-shell character. We discuss the implications of these predictions, which are consistent with experimental observations of the effects of S, Pt, and Hf on the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings.     

Optimization of tensile strength for new type acetone-urea-formaldehyde furan resin using uniform design

In this study,the 24 h tensile strength of new type acetone-urea-formaldehyde furan resin (nitrogen content 3%) was investigated by uniform design optimization.Four independent variables such as acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (mol/mol),solution pH value,reaction temperature (℃) and reaction time (min) were considered in the experiments.U13(134) uniform design was employed and the equation of 24 h tensile strength model was obtained after 13 experimentations.The 24 h tensile strength was optimized by apply...     

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of compaction behaviour of moulding sand

Abstract

The compaction behaviour of green sand was studied to assess the applicability of the Cooper–Eaton equation under conditions close to those of real foundry operations. The results indicate that the Cooper–Eaton equation describes the behaviour reasonably well, allowing prediction of the pressure required to achieve sand moulds of reasonable density. A corresponding distinct element method numerical simulation was also attempted. The study contributes useful information to the understanding of green sand compaction. It is clear that spherical sand is preferable to improve filling behaviour and that the gap between mould wall and pattern must be sufficiently large to avoid prevent weak sand compaction.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and tensile strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructural features and tensile strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. AZ91 melts were subjected to ultrasonic waves of different power levels for 5 min using an ultrasonic device with frequency of about 20 kHz and maximum power of 600 W and cast in sand moulds. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment of the melt prior to casting had a significant effect on the size and sphericity of α-Mg dendrites as well as on the size, continuity, sphericity and distribution of intermetallic particles formed during cooling and solidification of the alloy. Increasing the applied ultrasonic power resulted in smaller, more rounded and better distributed grains and particles. The microstructural effects were mainly attributed to the cavitation and streaming phenomena which took place during ultrasonic treatment in the melt. Tensile strength of the alloy was significantly improved by ultrasonic treatment of the melt. Discontinuity and refinement of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ particles in the ultrasonically treated samples is thought to be the main reason for this improvement. The paper also examines different possible mechanisms responsible for microstructural modification of different phases under ultrasonic treatment conditions.     

汽车车身节点刚度和强度数值分析

为了研究使用全铝结构代替原来的钢结构车身的可行性,提出用于节点刚度和强度分析的T型标准模型,用数值模拟方法研究了不同节点类型、不同焊缝质量对车身节点刚度和强度的影响。结果表明,4种节点分析模型的刚度和强度综合性能优劣依次为矩形伸出端、垂直槽钢伸出端、斜槽型伸出端、角钢伸出端;节点焊缝圆角半径越大,节点刚度越大,强度变化不明显。     

基于内聚力单元与XFEM的热障涂层失效分析

为了更好的理解热障涂层的失效机理,文中运用ABAQUS有限元软件来分析热障涂层的失效情况,使用内聚力单元和扩展有限元（XFEM）两种方法研究热障涂层TGO界面开裂与陶瓷涂层（TC）和氧化层（TGO）内随机裂纹的萌生与扩展,研究竖直裂纹与水平裂纹的关系.结果表明,热障涂层TGO界面的开裂首先出现在TGO/TBC波谷处.陶瓷涂层和氧化层内随机裂纹的萌生同样发生在TGO/TBC波谷处.竖直裂纹的存在可以抑制水平裂纹的萌生与扩展,且其在TGO/TBC波谷处的扩展长度比在TGO/TBC波峰处的扩展长度更长,说明TGO/TBC波谷区域是个危险区域,在此区域容易引发裂纹的萌生与扩展.     

Effects of drawing on the tensile fracture strength and its reliability of small-sized metallic glasses

The effects of drawing on the structure and mechanical properties of a Co-based metallic glass under tension were thoroughly investigated. Surface changes induced by drawing, including removal of surface flaws, surface chemical homogenization and generation of compressive residual stress tend to increase the fracture strength, whilst open volumes created during drawing, particularly nano-voids, are likely to soften the wires. Initially, the surface changes are decisive factors, but as drawing proceeds, the open volumes gradually become dominant, yielding a maximum fracture strength in the wires with an area reduction ratio of 22%. Moreover, it was found that the fracture strength reliability was enhanced by the drawing, which is due not only to the surface perfection but also to the increase of plastic deformation capability, manifested by the decrease in the activation energy of individual shear transformation zones. Our results imply that the drawing technique could be a promising approach to continuously producing small-sized glassy wires with improved overall properties.     

氢对高强度钢缺口拉伸强度的影响

利用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法研究高强度钢SCM435的氢脆敏感性.结果表明,SCM435钢经淬火回火抗拉强度为1450MPa时具有高的氢脆敏感性.经充氢后试样的缺口拉伸强度降低,并且随可扩散氢含量的增加,缺口拉伸强度呈幂函数方式下降.不同应力集中系数试样的试验表明,氢致断裂与局部氢浓度峰值和应力峰值有关.     

时效析出对高强钛合金Ti-26拉伸性能的影响

研究了Ti-26合金固溶处理后,在不同时效温度条件下次生α相的析出特征以及室温拉伸性能。结果表明,在450～650℃范围内时效处理时,随着时效温度的升高,α相析出的体积分数先增多而后减少,Ti-26合金的抗拉强度与α相的体积分数也同样有着先升高而后减少的变化趋势。由于不同体积分数的α相对应着不同的抗拉强度与伸长率,所以,通过时效温度的调整可以使Ti-26合金得到不同抗拉强度与伸长率的配合,以适合不同的使用要求。     

Correlation between the adhesive tensile strength and the engagement grade of crosswise oriented nonwovens of metal hook and loop fasteners

Joining is one of the key technologies for industrial products. Nearly all goods need to be joined during their production development process. An innovative joining method such as a metal hook and loop fastener offers new possibilities for the design and functionality of a product. In contrast to a synthetic hook and loop fastener, a metal fastener combines the advantage of a fast assembling or disassembling with the characteristics of a metal joining. The outstanding benefits of the metal hook and loop fastener are temperature and acid resistance. Additionally, features such as shock or sound absorbance can be realized. In this paper, we present the development and characterization of a metal hook and loop fastener. The cohesion of the joining is analyzed by cross tension tests as well as by shearing tests. To draw conclusions from the design of the joining partners, the joining patches are analyzed by neutron μ-CT and compared with force measurements.     

非金属夹杂物对钢帘线盘条抗拉强度及断裂行为影响

用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了盘条中非金属夹杂物的形态与类型及其对盘条使用过程中断裂行为的影响,并测试了盘条的抗拉强度。盘条在使用过程中发生断裂,断口呈杯锥状和撕裂状。裂纹萌生于非金属夹杂物与基体的界面处;在后续的拉拔或捻股过程中,裂纹沿着夹杂物快速扩展,导致钢丝断裂。     

基于人工神经网络与遗传算法的Al-Mg-Si系合金抗拉强度预测模型

为了研究Al-Mg-Si系合金热处理制度和合金成分对力学性能的影响规律,采用人工神经网络（artificial neural network, ANN）和遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）相结合的方法,构建了Al-Mg-Si系合金强度预测模型（ANN-GA模型）。通过单因素和双因素分析,研究了合金元素含量和热处理工艺参数对铝合金抗拉强度的影响规律。结果表明,随着Si含量的增加,铝合金的抗拉强度呈现先降低后升高的趋势;随着Mg含量的增加、Cu含量的增加或者Fe含量的减少,铝合金的抗拉强度整体上呈现升高的趋势。双因素分析更能反映输入参数对铝合金抗拉强度的影响。Mg/Si比、Mg+Si总量和时效时间对Al-Mg-Si系合金力学性能的影响显著。铝合金的硬度随时间的变化趋势与ANN-GA模型的计算结果一致,峰值时效时间为29 h,相对误差为11.86%。     

Fuzzy neural network analysis on gray cast iron with high tensile strength and thermal conductivity

To develop a high performance gray cast iron with high tensile strength and thermal conductivity,multivariable analysis of microstructural effects on properties of gray cast iron was performed. The concerned parameters consisted of graphite content,maximum graphite length,primary dendrite percentage and microhardness of the matrix. Under the superposed influence of various parameters,the relationships between thermal conductivity and structural characteristics become irregular,as well as the effects of graphite length on the strength. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was built to link the parameters and properties. A sensitivity test was then performed to rank the relative impact of parameters. It was found that the dominant parameter for tensile strength is graphite content,while the most relative parameter for thermal conductivity is maximum graphite length. The most effective method to simultaneously improve the tensile and thermal conductivity of gray cast iron is to reduce the carbon equivalent and increase the length of graphite flakes.     

无铅钎料对不同引脚数QFP微焊点抗拉强度的影响

采用微焊点强度测试仪测试了不同引脚数方形扁平式封装（QFP）微焊点的抗拉强度，研究了QFP的引脚数、钎料成分对其力学性能的影响，并采用扫描电镜对微焊点断裂处的显微组织进行了分析。结果表明，在相同引脚数的条件下，SnAgCu钎料的微焊点抗拉强度大于Sn—Pb钎料的微焊点抗拉强度；在钎料成分相同时，48引脚数的QFP微焊点强度小于100引脚数的QFP微焊点强度。