重质原油电脱盐污水深度处理中试研究

重质原油电脱盐污水生化性差、油含量高,采用双膜法对其进行深度处理时对预处理工艺要求高,同时膜过滤产生的浓水的处理也是后续处理的一大难题.中试采用自主研发的催化氧化工艺对浓水进行处理试验.结果表明:活性炭过滤+纤维束过滤或臭氧催化氧化预处理工艺均满足膜对污染物的控制要求;双膜系统运行稳定,浓水处理后达到国家一级排放标准,...     

深层特超稠油冷采技术研究

针对罗家深层特稠油研制高效降粘体系GXJN.实验室内GXJN用量1.5‰可将特超稠油粘度降低至300mPa·s以下.罗家区块罗904井采用GXJN体系冷采吞吐,日液、日油均大幅提高,含水明显下降,效果远好于上周期热采吞吐.     

Thermodynamic analysis of the gasification product composition of vacuum residuum from the hydroconversion of heavy crude fractions oil

Heavy residual stock obtained by the vacuum distillation of the hydroconversion products (T = 425°C; P = 6 MPa; a nanoheterogeneous catalyst based on molybdenum sulfide) of heavy residual carbonic (high-sulfur) oil is a starting material for gasification. The equilibrium composition of gasification products (P = 0.1 MPa; α = 0.3; 20 wt % H₂O) over the temperature range of 519–1626 K was calculated using chemical thermodynamics methods. The yields of the main compounds of Mo, V, Ni, Ag, Au, As, Co, Ga, Fe, Al, Si, Ca, and Mg (mol/kg residue) and their amounts in gas and condensed phases were determined. The volumes and compositions of gaseous products were also determined as functions of temperature at different sulfur concentrations of 9.5 and 4.75 wt % in the starting vacuum residue.     

超临界水在重油加工中的研究进展

超临界水作为一种对环境友好并且对轻烃组分具有良好溶解扩散能力的优良溶剂,在重油改质过程中有广泛应用。超临界水的引入不仅可以达到强化传质的目的,对热裂化机理产生影响,而且可以改变反应过程中体系的相结构,促使体系相行为从液-液两相向微乳体系甚至是拟均相转变,为开发新的重油加工工艺提供了可能。本文首先介绍了超临界水的基本性质,着重介绍了超临界水参与下重油的改质机理、反应过程中的裂化动力学以及改质过程中相行为的变化,发现在高水密度、剧烈搅拌和高水油比的条件下重油-超临界水表现出拟均相行为,能够达到改善液收、降低黏度并且减少生焦的目的。最后对超临界水处理重油的发展前景和方向进行了展望。     

聚合物-表面活性剂对油/水界面剪切粘度的影响

利用正交实验设计研究了聚合物A、石油磺酸盐B、表面活性剂C三种因素共存时对原油模拟油/水界面剪切粘度的影响。单因素实验表明,表面活性剂C使原油模拟油/水界面粘度降低,而聚合物A的存在则使油/水界面剪切粘度上升。而三种因素共存时,在实验条件下,表面活性剂C对油/水界面剪切粘度有一定的影响,聚合物A和石油磺酸盐B看不出有较大影响。因此,在聚合物-表面活性剂复合驱体系中,界面剪切粘度的变化主要取决于体系中表面活性剂的变化。     

Correlations between SARA fractions and physicochemical properties with H NMR spectra of vacuum residues from Colombian crude oils

Areas of resonance signals present in 12 frequency bins of the ¹H NMR spectra of the vacuum residues of five Colombian crudes and a blend were correlated with their SARA components and some physicochemical properties. The residues studied were obtained from light paraffinic to heavy aromatic Colombian crudes. Correlations between the NMR spectra and properties were obtained with partial least square PLS and multiple linear regression MLR. Prediction models for SARA obtained by PLS had R² > 0.97 while CV − q² was between 0.92 and 0.99. Models obtained with MLR for SARA showed a high for the first three components and a lower one for asphaltene. The R² of the prediction models for density, API Gravity, S, N, Ni ppm and wax %m content plus nC5- and -C7 insolubles were >0.988 while CV − q² was between 0.87 and 0.99. The proposed correlation methods are fast and less costly than the conventional ones.     

低温等离子体预处理对油田废水蒸发及蒸馏水品质的影响

为了提高油田稠油废水蒸发回收的蒸馏水的品质并防止蒸发过程中的结垢,利用低温等离子体对稠油废水进行预处理,使之与低温等离子体产生的离子和自由基反应后再送入蒸发器,研究了稠油废水经过等离子体预处理后蒸馏水各项指标的变化和蒸发过程中结垢的分布变化。结果表明:经过等离子体预处理后废水中的二氧化硅含量和硬度下降,更适合蒸发处理;同时蒸馏水中所含盐和油的含量都减少了,品质得以提高。此外蒸浓缩到30～40倍时,经过等离子体处理后废水的浓缩液中固体悬浮物大幅升高;对应地,蒸发器底部结垢大幅降低。对比所获得的蒸馏水各项指标与注气锅炉的给水指标,可以看出蒸馏水所含的油分超标是蒸馏水回收为锅炉给水的最大障碍;而低温等离子体预处理可为解决油田大量稠油废水回收蒸馏水的结垢问题和水质问题提供了一个快捷的新途径。     

两级臭氧深度催化氧化高酸重质原油废水的研究

针对高酸重质原油废水的特点,提出了两级臭氧深度催化氧化的处理工艺.采用自主研发的催化剂和设计的试验装置对某炼油企业高酸重质原油废水的MBR出水进行了处理,并对影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,在最佳运行条件下,经该工艺处理后的出水COD和氨氮均达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923-2005)中的敞开式...     

劣质原油破乳脱钙优化研究

安哥拉帕斯佛罗原油采用电脱盐试验仪模拟炼油厂常减压装置电脱盐过程考察破乳效果,筛选效果优良的破乳剂和脱钙剂。结果表明:①乳状液最佳的破乳脱水条件为:混合强度为2 500 r/min、pH=6.5时,90℃下恒温15 min,NS-885破乳剂用量为50 mg/L时,具有89.3%的最佳脱水率;②脱钙剂的脱钙效率为:TG2脱钙剂>盐酸>EDTA-Na>GE脱钙剂>TG1脱钙剂>硫酸>草酸>冰乙酸>苯甲酸,剂钙比为3.5∶1时,TG2脱钙剂的脱钙率高达89.8%。     

劣质原油破乳脱钙优化研究

安哥拉帕斯佛罗原油采用电脱盐试验仪模拟炼油厂常减压装置电脱盐过程考察破乳效果,筛选效果优良的破乳剂和脱钙剂。结果表明:①乳状液最佳的破乳脱水条件为:混合强度为2 500 r/min、pH=6.5时,90℃下恒温15 min,NS-885破乳剂用量为50 mg/L时,具有89.3%的最佳脱水率;②脱钙剂的脱钙效率为:TG2脱钙剂>盐酸>EDTA-Na>GE脱钙剂>TG1脱钙剂>硫酸>草酸>冰乙酸>苯甲酸,剂钙比为3.5∶1时,TG2脱钙剂的脱钙率高达89.8%。     

稠油石油酸盐及其对稠油乳化降粘应用研究

以辽河稠油为原料,采用脱酸剂法,对稠油中的石油酸进行抽提,然后分离出石油酸盐回注到稠油中,进行乳化降粘。考察了复合萃取剂用量、抽提相分离温度、相分离时间、脱酸剂油比、碱酸摩尔比及萃取次数等因素对抽提酸效果的影响。确定了抽提酸的最佳工艺条件:复合萃取剂用量60%,碱酸摩尔比1.0,剂油比2.0,80℃保温分相2 h,在该条件下,分三级萃取,环烷酸抽提效率达到92.20%,脱酸剂收率可达96.18%;并测试了石油酸盐对稠油的乳化降粘性能,结果表明,稠油石油酸盐与其它表面活性剂进行简单复配,对辽河稠油和渤海稠油等环烷基或中间基稠油有明显的乳化降粘效果,降粘率分别达到90%和80%以上,具有较好的适用性。     

锦州21-1油气田原油混合条件对综合原油凝点的影响

考察了锦州21-1油气田单井油样混合条件对综合原油凝点的影响。结果表明,当混合温度在30～35℃、混合时间在5～30 min内,综合油样的凝点值最低。     

重油组分宏观尺寸表征方法的研究进展

介绍了表征重油组分宏观尺寸的流体力学性质关联法,小角散射法以及电子显微镜成像法.流体力学性质关联法主要用来计算重油组分分子尺寸,而小角散射法和电子显微镜成像法则用来表征沥青质胶粒形态尺寸.在对上述各方法的基本原理、应用条件和存在问题进行分析概括的基础上,认为沥青质胶粒尺寸、形状和分布的表征方法比较成熟;黏度.扩散系数联合法研究极稀溶液区重油组分的流体力学性质,是表征重油组分尤其是沥青质分子形态尺寸的-种有效方法.     

Microelements in chromatographic fractions of petroleum resins and asphaltenes from Russian crude oil

• 1.1. Neutron-activation analysis was used to determine 13 microelements in resin-asphalt components of Russian petroleum and products of extraction-chromatographic separation. The concentration of almost all microelements is much higher in asphaltenes than in resins. Vandium atoms are concentrated mainly in non-porphyrinic molecules with moderate polarity and increased aromaticity; during chromatographic separation the other micro-elements accumulate mainly in high-polarity fractions of increased oxygen and sulphur contents.
• 2.2. Fe- and Na-containing components of Russian petroleum are of low stability and easily break down on contact with the active surface of adsorbents; as a result 77–98% of these elements are eliminated from the organic phase during chromatograpy. V, Ag, Hg, Mn, Ni, Co and Zn form much stronger complexes with asphaltenes and resins; some 70% are retained in compounds of high molar mass after adsorption.

     

油水乳化液流变性研究进展

综述了油水乳化液流变性研究进展，介绍了目前国内外乳化液流变性的研究情况、乳化液的流变模式及乳化液流变性的评价方法。乳化液的剪切应力-剪切速率关系明显受油滴尺寸的影响，在含油量一定时，表观黏度随油滴尺寸的减小而增加。绝大多数乳化液在低剪切速度下(低于50s^-1)，呈现剪切变稀行为；在剪切速率超过1000s^-1时呈现牛顿行为。高含水原油的视黏度是温度、含水率以及剪切速率的函数。介绍了乳化液的3种流变模式，并给出了流变性评价方法实例。提出了油水乳化液流变性研究的发展方向。     

提高原油脱水系统放水质量的研究

进入特高含水期后,随着各种化学药剂的使用,开发层系的调整,来液组分越来越复杂,原油脱水也越来越困难,而脱水系统的放水质量直接关系到下一级污水站的处理负荷,因此抓好脱水系统的放水质量对注够水、注好水意义重大。结合现场实际,从化学药剂、容器运行方式、脱水温度控制、自动防水系统控制、破乳剂类型、老化油回收等方面剖析了影响脱水系统放水质量的主要因素。针对主要影响因素,采取相应措施提高脱水系统放水质量。采取措施后,脱水系统放水含油量逐步由2003年500mg/L降到目前160mg/L。在特高含水期,通过采取技术措施和管理措施,提高脱水系统放水质量是可以实现的。     

Prediction of the thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures including crude oil fractions

A new method based on the Effective Carbon Number is presented for the prediction of the thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures. The Effective Carbon Number for each substance of interest can be calculated from its thermal conductivity at a reduced temperature of 0.6. The thermal conductivities of isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, aro-matics, alkanes, carboxylic acids, ketones, esters and aldehydes over a range of temperatures were predicted using this method and the results were compared with experimental values. The thermal conductivities of defined mixtures were also predicted using a quadratic mixing rule for the Effective Carbon Number. Lastly, the thermal conductivities of undefined mixtures such as crude oil fractions were calculated by treating each fraction as a single pseudocompo-nent. In all cases studied, calculated results compared favorably with experimental values.     

High structural retention during pulsed plasma polymerization of 1H,1H,2H-perfluorododecene: an NMR and TOF-SIMS study

A combined NMR and TOF-SIMS study has been carried out on 1H,1H,2H-perfluorododecene plasma polymers. Pulsed plasma polymerization is found to give rise to a high level of structural retention for the perfluoroalkyl groups, whereas continuous wave conditions lead to monomer fragmentation and cross linking. This investigation provides unequivocal proof that pulsed plasma deposition is a simple and highly effective method for functionalising solid surfaces.