我国发展燃气热电冷联产系统的探讨

通过分析我国燃气热电联产系统和燃气热电冷联产系统的的节能性和环保性,指出大型燃气蒸汽联合循环系统比中小型燃气热电冷联产系统更具优势,燃气热电联产系统比燃气冷电联产系统更节能。探讨了中小型燃气热电冷联产系统的适用范围。     

青岛麦岛污水处理厂污泥消化及热电联产运行管理经验

污泥厌氧消化/热电联产是一项重要节能工艺技术,对于提高资源和能源利用效率意义重大。完善的管理是保证污泥消化及热电联产系统稳定高效运行的关键环节。麦岛污水处理厂将Multiflo~?Trio初沉污泥与生物滤池剩余污泥进行混合,形成沼气产率较高的混合污泥,并进行中温厌氧消化,所产沼气进入热电联产系统用于发电及沼气锅炉,回收余热作为污泥消化及厂区采暖热源。10余年来,麦岛污水处理厂的污泥消化及热电联产系统实现了安全、稳定、高效的运行,保证了污泥的资源化、减量化、无害化处理及利用。介绍了青岛麦岛污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化及热电联产的运行情况,探讨如何在污泥消化及热电联产间做好运行管理和调控,使之形成良性循环。     

热电冷联产系统节能性的(火用)分析

利用分析的方法,定义了等效发电效率,对常用热电冷联产系统形式的节能性进行了分析。认为相对于全国平均供电煤耗而言,热电冷联产系统的节能是有条件的,应选取合理的方式,优化设计和运行方案;相对于当前有些热电厂夏季负荷不足的情况,热电冷联产是节能的,在不同的情况下节能率在7.8%~39%之间。建议利用现有的热电联产条件,发展热电冷联产系统,提高现有热电厂的设备利用率和运行经济性。     

沼气工程产业化发展的正确途径

沼气工程是我国未来可持续发展的一个综合性基础产业,需要产业化发展。企业是沼气市场的主体,要走专业化经营的发展模式,多产气、多发电、搞热电联产以提高财务生存和盈利能力;政府要在目标制定、经济激励、营造环境和能力建设上提供政策支持。     

热电冷联产系统节能性的[火用]分析

利用[火用]分析的方法，定义了等效发电[火用]效率，对常用热电冷联产系统形式的节能性进行了分析。认为相对于全国平均供电煤耗而言，热电冷联产系统的节能是有条件的，应选取合理的方式，优化设计和运行方案；相对于当前有些热电厂夏季负荷不足的情况，热电冷联产是节能的，在不同的情况下节能率在7．8％～39％之间。建议利用现有的热电联产条件，发展热电冷联产系统，提高现有热电厂的设备利用率和运行经济性。     

热电冷联产系统节能效益分析

分别以热电冷联产系统的燃料节约量、当量热力系数及热电冷联产系统的供电煤耗作为评价标准,对热电冷联产系统的节能效益进行了分析与研究,并提出了临界供电煤耗概念,作为判断在热电冷联产系统中节能的条件。     

热电冷联产系统节能性分析

为评价热电冷联产与热电联产、冷分产及热电冷分产的节能性，建立了相应的节煤量、当量热力系数、热电冷联产系统供电煤耗3种评价指标的数学模型，并应用于对国产供热式机组的评价，认为热电冷联产系统节能是有条件的，并与评价指标有关，节煤量指标适用于分析热电冷联产系统节能性。     

规划优化在楼宇式燃气热电冷联产系统经济评价的研究与应用

应用增量投资法对天津市某楼宇的燃气热电冷联产系统进行了评价,用规划优化的方法建立了相应的数学模型,并进行了优化,分析了影响燃气热电冷联产系统经济性的重要因素,得出在实际应用中,要谨慎看待楼宇的燃气热电冷联产系统相对于热电冷分产系统的节能、经济优势.     

热电冷联产系统的探讨

介绍了热电联产的发展,论述了热电联产系统的特点,分析了外燃烧式热电冷联产系统节能条件,计算表明内燃烧式系统具有节能优势和潜力。     

塔中油田燃气电站余热回收利用的可行性研究

为了提高塔中油田燃气电站燃气的综合利用率,回收燃气轮机余热,减少能源的浪费,找到相适应的余热回收方式,通过对塔中油田燃气电站机组运行现状、余热及作业区用能需求的分析,提出热电冷联产方式回收利用燃气电站余热,并对热电冷联产系统在塔中油田燃气电站运用的可行性进行研究。得出热电冷联产系统比较符合塔中油田电站的实际情况,具有很大的经济效益和环保社会效益。     

Dynamic performances of trigeneration systems using different prime movers for high-rise building application: A comparative study

Trigeneration is a strategic deployment to achieve the energy saving target in response to climate change mitigation. Appropriate choice of prime movers is paramount to make trigeneration feasible. It is common for trigeneration to be considered in district-wide application; however, there is little study on the effectiveness of various available prime movers in building-scale use. As such, diesel engine (DE), gas engine (GE), gas turbine with recuperator, and combined gas turbine cycle (CGTC) were involved as prime mover options for trigeneration in this study. Through year-round dynamic simulation, the energy and environmental performances of different trigeneration systems were thoroughly evaluated for a high-rise hotel building in subtropical climate. It was found that the DE-primed trigeneration would have the highest primary energy saving, while the CGTC-primed trigeneration would be the largest in carbon emissions cut. However, the GE-primed trigeneration system was deemed to be the best choice with both energy merit and system simplicity. It was also found that the part-load performance of prime mover and the required fuel type were closely associated to the annual energy and environmental performances.     

燃气冷热电三联供在北京医院工程设计中的应用探讨

本文主要阐述了燃气冷热电三联供系统在医院中的应用现状、国家在三联供系统设计方面政策的完善过程，并介绍了北京一家医院三联供系统的情况，重点介绍了三联供系统的电气设计-睛况及在设计过程中遇到的问题。     

Integration of trigeneration in an indirect cascade refrigeration system in supermarkets

This article presents an energy and economic analysis of a trigeneration configuration for supermarket applications. The energy system in a supermarket is relatively complex, because it includes lighting, air conditioning, cabinets, refrigeration system, etc. A trigeneration system could be used to simultaneously satisfy heating, refrigeration and electricity demands in supermarkets. More specifically, this article studies the integration of a trigeneration system and an indirect refrigeration cascade compression system in a supermarket in Barcelona. The trigeneration system consists of a cogeneration engine and an ammonia/water absorption chiller unit. The results of simulating energy usage, life cycle costs and CO₂ emissions have been compared with a conventional indirect refrigeration cascade compression system for the supermarket studied. Several trigeneration configurations have been studied. They all show a payback time of less than 6 years but the profitability of the investment depends strongly on the ratio between the prices of natural gas and electricity. This study shows that this novel trigeneration system is economically feasible and environmentally more viable than conventional supermarket systems.     

Allocation of economic costs in trigeneration systems at variable load conditions

This paper presents a thermoeconomic analysis of a trigeneration system interacting with the economic environment. The aim is to determine the energy and total costs of internal flows and final energy services (electricity, cooling and heat). One of the main difficulties in calculating these costs in trigeneration plants within buildings is the continuous variation of energy supply services. Fuel prices and purchase/sale electricity tariffs can also vary. As a consequence there are different operation conditions that combine the possibilities of purchasing or selling electricity, consuming heat from auxiliary boilers, and wasting the excess of cogenerated heat. A novel cost allocation method valid for all possible operation conditions of the trigeneration system is proposed. The heat produced by cogeneration modules is disaggregated into three fractions: heat that meets the heat demand directly, heat utilized to drive absorption chillers (producing cooling), and heat dissipated to the environment. Cost allocation to all cogeneration co-products is determined by applying the principle of avoided expenditures. The cost allocation proposal is applied to a trigeneration system providing energy services to a hospital with 500 beds located in Zaragoza (Spain), encouraging rational and efficient energy services production and consumption.     

泥炭制沼气的研究

本文介绍了由泥炭制沼气的试验研究，同时对微生物气化泥炭的机理进行了探讨。在试验条件下，可以获得含甲烷６４％以上的沼气。     

答李学关于《巴史别观》的评论

李学就《巴史别观》一书著文,对书中疑义向该书作者提出讨论。作者分三个方面即庸国、盐、沼泽与文明,与李学商榷。     

综合检漏仪在天然气管网运行维护中的应用

阐述了乙烷分析的气相色谱分离原理，应用基于气相色谱技术的检测设备和技术方法，解决了长期以来地下沼气对天然气管网泄漏判断的干扰问题，避免了无效开挖，节省了开挖费用。通过实际的数据分析，总结出目前北京市的天然气疑似漏点约有40％是地下沼气干扰所致。     

Nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface and in sediments at Chiricahueto marsh: a subtropical ecosystem associated with agricultural land uses

A study was conducted to examine the potential role to accumulate and transform nitrogen and phosphorus of a common wetland type marsh; the site is located in a subtropical environment that receives agricultural pollutants. Chiricahueto marsh effectively removes N and P from surface waters. It is clear that the diagenetic processes are mainly controlled by the exponential decomposition of organic matter that takes place at the sediment-water interface and in the sedimentary column, under oxic and suboxic-anoxic conditions, respectively. Mass balances indicated a net sedimentation of 11.3 g Nm(-2)x yr (-1) and 3.9 g Pm(-2) x yr (-1), which results in an annual regeneration of 1.7 g Nm(-2) and 0.8 g Pm(-2) at the sediment-water interface under oxic conditions. A major remineralization rate was estimated in 6.4 g Nm(-2) x yr (-1) and 1.1g Pm(-2) x yr (-1) into the sedimentary column where suboxic to anoxic conditions occur by the utilization of nitrate, Fe and Mn as electron acceptors. The estimated burial fluxes in the deeper sediments (>50 cm) were 1.5 g Nm(-2) x yr (-1) and 0.4 g Pm(-2) x yr (-1).     

论UASB产生沼气的再利用

首先介绍了升流式厌氧污泥床UASB的优点,然后对UASB产生的清洁能源--沼气的可行性进行了分析,在此基础上论述了沼气利用的条件和利用的用途,最后指出升流式厌氧污泥床可广泛应用于高有机污水的处理.     

Performance analysis of an innovative small-scale trigeneration plant with liquid desiccant cooling system

The paper deals with an innovative natural gas combined heat, cooling and power (CHCP) system with electrical, heating and cooling capacities of 126/220/210 kW, respectively. The trigeneration plant is composed of a cogenerator which uses an automotive derived gas fired internal combustion engine (ICE), coupled to a liquid LiCl-water desiccant cooling system which recovers heat from the flue gases and from the ICE cooling water. The paper describes the energetic and economic analyses of the plant and it makes some evaluations of the effects of fuel and electric prices and of the subsides and plant costs on the economic indices of the system.