永磁同步电机调速系统的自抗扰控制

提出了一种利用反双曲正弦函数的一阶自抗扰控制器,以提高永磁同步电机正弦波脉宽调制(SPWM)调速系统的跟踪精度。研究了永磁同步电机转速环的数学模型;分别设计了一阶跟踪微分器和二阶扩张状态观测器,利用李雅普诺夫函数分析了它们的收敛性;构造了转速环的一阶自抗扰控制器,同时证明了一阶自抗扰控制误差系统的渐近稳定性。最后,将该新型一阶自抗扰控制器作为永磁同步电机的转速调节器,分析了自抗扰控制永磁同步电机的SPWM调速系统。仿真实验表明:自抗扰控制调速系统速度阶跃跟踪的调整时间约为0.15 s,稳态误差小于0.28 r/min;同一调速系统正弦响应的最大跟踪误差约为17 r/min。与PI控制调速系统相比,自抗扰控制永磁同步电机调速系统阶跃响应快速而平稳,无超调,稳态误差小;另外,系统正弦响应的跟踪性能好,跟踪误差小。     

一种新型6自由度运动平台的控制研究

针对一种新型6自由度运动平台的控制问题,提出基于改进型自抗扰控制器的高性能轨迹跟踪控制算法。采用基于运动学的控制方法对6自由度运动平台进行控制研究,利用参考加速度前馈量对常规自抗扰控制器进行改进,在Matlab/Simulink中进行仿真研究,分析经典比例积分微分控制器、常规自抗扰控制器和改进型自抗扰控制器对正弦轨迹的跟踪性能及其对系统参数变化和外部扰动的抑制能力,并构建基于dSPACE的运动控制试验系统。对比仿真和试验结果表明,改进型自抗扰控制器能有效提高轨迹跟踪精度,使新型6自由度运动平台较好地实现给定的目标运动。     

基于自抗扰控制技术的舰炮随动控制系统

为了提高舰炮随动系统精度和抗干扰能力,弥补传统控制策略的不足,将自抗扰技术应用到舰炮随动系统中,设计了基于自抗扰控制技术的舰炮随动控制器。首先对某型舰炮随动系统进行分析、建立了其数学模型,并对舰炮随动系统扰动特性进行了简要分析,然后针对系统特性设计了自抗扰控制器并进行了参数整定,最好通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对比分析了自抗扰控制和传统PID控制下的舰炮随动系统控制精度和系统抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明,基于自抗扰控制策略的舰炮随动系统能够有效提高跟踪精度和系统抗干扰能力。     

线性/非线性自抗扰切换控制在变载荷气动加载系统中的应用

针对气动加载系统压力跟踪控制中强非线性、强耦合性、模型不精确性等问题,提出一种线性/非线性自抗扰切换控制器,该控制器结合了线性自抗扰控制器参数整定简便、理论分析简单和非线性自抗扰控制器跟踪精度高、响应快的优点,设计线性/非线性切换扩张状态观测器对系统的耦合项以及不同幅值的扰动等不确定项进行估计,并采用切换状态误差反馈控制律给予实时主动补偿,进而实现系统加载压力的实时控制,并完成了线性/非线性切换扩张状态观测器的收敛性证明。最后,在气动变载荷摩擦磨损试验机试验平台上进行试验验证,与线性自抗扰和非线性自抗扰进行对比,试验结果表明,改进的控制器具有抗干扰性强、跟踪精度高、应用性强等特点。     

导引头稳定平台的扰动补偿及改进滑模控制

为提高导引头稳定平台抗扰性,提出了一种导引头稳定平台的扰动补偿及改进滑模控制策略。首先根据扰动特点将扰动分为摩擦力矩和"剩余扰动"两部分,基于Stribeck摩擦模型辨识摩擦参数,并进行摩擦力矩补偿;采用扩张高增益观测器对"剩余扰动"进行估计,并给出了扩张高增益观测器的收敛条件。然后设计了改进滑模控制器作为稳定回路的控制器实现伺服控制,采用Lyapunov函数证明其稳定性。最后,搭建测试系统分别进行了稳定平台性能测试和导引头性能测试,用于验证跟踪和抗扰效果。实验结果表明,跟踪1(°)/s的梯形波时,提出的控制器有效地补偿了摩擦,同时稳态精度提高了0.032 8(°)/s;给定三轴转台典型幅值和频率扰动下,采用提出的控制器时系统隔离度至少提高了0.57%。表明提出的控制器改善了系统抗扰性。     

基于压电智能结构状态估计误差补偿的自抗扰振动控制

压电智能结构的模型难以精确建立,且存在外界环境激励干扰和内部参数不确定等问题,从而影响闭环结构的振动控制性能。基于此,将结构的内部干扰和外界激励的影响归结为系统的集总干扰,并利用扩张状态观测器(Extended state observer,ESO)设计不依赖于模型的自抗扰振动控制器。然而当外界扰动激励变化时,扩张状态观测器对扰动和各阶状态的估计不可避免存在偏差,难以保证振动控制的效果。为克服二阶自抗扰策略在振动主动控制中的不足,提出一种基于压电智能板结构的状态估计误差补偿自抗扰振动控制方案。利用状态观测误差信息,对二阶自抗扰控制器进行补偿,从而减小ESO对扰动和各阶状态估计的压力,提高振动控制效果。利用dSPACE实时仿真系统,搭建四面固支压电智能板结构的振动主动试验平台。四种干扰激励的试验结果验证该方法的有效性、实用性和强抗干扰能力。     

机械臂力/位跟踪的无源自抗扰控制器设计

为了提高全方位移动机械臂的力/位跟踪控制精度,设计了无源自抗扰控制器。介绍了全方位移动机械臂工作原理,基于拉格朗日方程建立了移动机械臂系统的动力学方程。根据严格无源系统定义,证明了全方位移动机械臂系统的无源特性。以自抗扰控制为基础,通过定义新变量对扩展状态观测器进行改进;针对机械臂系统的无源特性,设计了无源自抗扰控制器。在扰动工况下进行仿真验证,改进扩展状态观测器的扰动估计误差远小于传统扩展状态观测器,且估计速度快于传统扩展状态观测器;无源自抗扰控制器的跟踪累计绝对误差远小于传统自抗扰控制,说明无源自抗扰控制的控制精度高于传统自抗扰控制。仿真结果证明了无源自抗扰控制在全方位移动机械臂控制中的高精度和优越性。     

永磁同步电机位置伺服系统改进变结构自抗扰控制

为进一步提高传统变结构自抗扰控制器的控制精度,增强永磁伺服驱动系统的抗干扰能力,提出一种改进变结构自抗扰控制策略。该方法在基于变结构原理设计的扩张状态观测器中引入位置、速度的观测误差以实现状态变量的无差估计,采用基于指数趋近律设计的非线性状态误差反馈控制律实现线性控制与非线性控制的平滑过渡,并在此基础上引入位置跟踪误差,提高伺服系统的跟踪性能。通过实验分析比较了改进变结构自抗扰控制与传统变结构自抗扰控制两种控制策略,结果显示改进控制策略较传统控制策略的位置跟踪误差减少了约30%。当负载突变时,传统控制策略的跟踪误差约为负载突变前最大跟踪误差的3.4倍,而改进变结构自抗扰控制策略仍能准确跟踪给定信号。     

高精度稳定平台伺服系统的自抗扰控制

提出了一种应用于高精度稳定平台伺服系统的设计方法。为满足稳定平台快速隔离扰动、稳定视轴的要求,将自抗扰控制应用于平台系统的速度环,和常规PID控制的电流环一起构成ADRC-PID控制。Simulink仿真结果表明,与传统PID控制相比,采用自抗扰控制后系统响应速度快,隔离度有较大的提高。ADRC-PID控制可满足高精度光电稳定平台的性能要求,系统具有响应速度快,隔离度好,鲁棒性强,稳定性高等特点。     

航空光电稳定平台的自抗扰控制系统

对航空光电稳定平台模型进行分析并利用电流环简化了平台模型。阐述了影响平台稳定性的扰动及抑制扰动的方法,提出一种基于预报修正的自抗扰控制系统。首先,提出了一种预报修正方法,采用"先预报,后修正"的方法来减小扰动观测值的滞后和超调;然后,设计了基于二阶扩张状态观测器的自抗扰控制系统,对扰动进行线性化动态补偿;最后,在振动平台上对系统进行了速度稳定实验、目标跟踪实验和鲁棒性分析。结果表明,与经典的平方滞后超前控制方法相比,本文设计的控制方法对扰动的隔离度至少提高了5.88dB。另外,设计的系统具有很强的鲁棒性,在系统参数改变±15%的范围内,仍得到很好的控制效果。由于所设计的控制系统具有很强的实用性和鲁棒性,在工程实际应用中提高了航空光电稳定平台的抗扰动性能。     

考虑间隙特性的双机械臂模糊自适应鲁棒控制

为了克服间隙特性和未知扰动对双机械臂系统抓取物体性能的影响,设计了模糊自适应鲁棒控制律。首先建立了双机械臂系统数学模型和间隙特性模型,然后引入自适应律来估计未知扰动,利用模糊系统来估计系统模型参数,同时设计了自适应间隙逆模型来补偿间隙特性,并对系统进行了稳定性分析,最后实现了考虑间隙特性的双机械臂系统精确控制。仿真结果表明,设计的控制方法具有更好的快速性和准确性,能够确保物体在0.5 s内稳定跟踪轨迹指令,最大跟踪误差仅为0.5 cm;设计的自适应律能够快速准确估计未知扰动,最大估计误差仅为0.3 N·m,估计精度较高。     

Modeling and output tracking of transverse flux permanent magnet machines using high gain observer and RBF neural network

This paper deals with modeling and adaptive output tracking of a transverse flux permanent magnet machine as a nonlinear system with unknown nonlinearities by utilizing high gain observer and radial basis function networks. The proposed model is developed based on computing the permeance between rotor and stator using quasiflux tubes. Based on this model, the techniques of feedback linearization and H_∞ control are used to design an adaptive control law for compensating the unknown nonlinear parts, such as the effect of cogging torque, as a disturbance is decreased onto the rotor angle and angular velocity tracking performances. Finally, the capability of the proposed method in tracking both the angle and the angular velocity is shown in the simulation results.     

Adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators

This study proposes an adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators. A transformation with respect to tracking error using certain performance functions is used to ensure the transient and steady-state performances of the trajectory tracking control for robotic manipulators. Using the transformed error, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is proposed. A continuous terminal sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to stabilize the system. To compensate for the uncertainty and external disturbance, a novel sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed. Considering the unknown boundary of the derivative of a lumped disturbance, an adaptive law based on the idea of equivalent control is designed. Combining the adaptive law, continuous nonsingular terminal SMC, and sliding mode disturbance observer, the adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance is developed. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

输入不确定的6自由度悬索并联机器人位置控制

大射电望远镜工程中,六根大跨度的悬索被用来牵引馈源舱,实现馈源舱大范围的位置和姿态空间扫描运动。基于此,考虑到舱索系统的惯性主要集中在馈源舱上,且舱体运行速度缓慢以及索结构间的强耦合的特点,基于牛顿欧拉方程和舱索非线性准静态静平衡方程,建立馈源舱动力学模型。将悬索模型的误差视为外部对馈源舱系统的未知扰动,利用扩张状态观测器(ESO)对馈源舱的各阶状态及未知扰动进行有效的估计,在此基础上提出具有强鲁棒性自抗扰滑模控制器,并证明该控制器的稳定性。数值结果说明了方法的可行性和有效性。     

Sliding mode output feedback control based on tracking error observer with disturbance estimator

For a class of systems who suffers from disturbances, an original output feedback sliding mode control method is presented based on a novel tracking error observer with disturbance estimator. The mathematical models of the systems are not required to be with high accuracy, and the disturbances can be vanishing or nonvanishing, while the bounds of disturbances are unknown. By constructing a differential sliding surface and employing reaching law approach, a sliding mode controller is obtained. On the basis of an extended disturbance estimator, a creative tracking error observer is produced. By using the observation of tracking error and the estimation of disturbance, the sliding mode controller is implementable. It is proved that the disturbance estimation error and tracking observation error are bounded, the sliding surface is reachable and the closed-loop system is robustly stable. The simulations on a servomotor positioning system and a five-degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearings system verify the effect of the proposed method.     

Anti-disturbance dynamic surface control scheme for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearity

This study proposes anti-disturbance dynamic surface control scheme for nonlinear strict-feedback systems subjected simultaneously to unknown asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearity, unmatched external disturbance and uncertain nonlinear dynamics. Radial basis function-neural network (RBF-NN) is invoked to approximate the uncertain dynamics of the system, and the dead-zone nonlinearity is represented as a time-varying system with a bounded disturbance. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is proposed to estimate the unmatched external disturbance which further will be used to compensate the effect of the disturbance. Then, by integrating RBF-NN, NDO and dynamic surface control (DSC) approaches, the proposed anti-disturbance control scheme is designed. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system shows that all signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by proper selection of the design parameters. In comparison with the existing methods, the proposed scheme deals with the unmatched external disturbance, uncertain dynamics and unknown asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearity, simultaneously; it avoids the "explosion of complexity" problem and develops the simple control law without singularity concern. Furthermore, some imposed assumptions to the dead-zone input and disturbances are relaxed. Simulation and comparison results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Disturbance observer-based backstepping sliding mode fault-tolerant control for the hydro-turbine governing system with dead-zone input

This paper investigates a backstepping sliding mode fault-tolerant tracking control problem for a hydro-turbine governing system with consideration of external disturbances, actuator faults and dead-zone input. To reduce the effects of the unknown random disturbances, the nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to identify and estimate the disturbance term. To drastically decrease the complexity of stability functions selection and controller design, the recursive processes of the backstepping technique are employed. Additionally, based on the nonlinear disturbance observer and the backstepping technique, the sliding mode fault-tolerant tracking control approach is developed for the hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS). The stability of HTGS is rigorously demonstrated through Lyapunov analysis which is capable to satisfy a tracking control performance. Finally, comprehensive simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

Robust inertia-free attitude takeover control of postcapture combined spacecraft with guaranteed prescribed performance

In this paper, a robust inertia-free attitude takeover control scheme with guaranteed prescribed performance is investigated for postcapture combined spacecraft with consideration of unmeasurable states, unknown inertial property and external disturbance torque. Firstly, to estimate the unavailable angular velocity of combination accurately, a novel finite-time-convergent tracking differentiator is developed with a quite computationally achievable structure free from the unknown nonlinear dynamics of combined spacecraft. Then, a robust inertia-free prescribed performance control scheme is proposed, wherein, the transient and steady-state performance of combined spacecraft is first quantitatively studied by stabilizing the filtered attitude tracking errors. Compared with the existing works, the prominent advantage is that no parameter identifications and no neural or fuzzy nonlinear approximations are needed, which decreases the complexity of robust controller design dramatically. Moreover, the prescribed performance of combined spacecraft is guaranteed a priori without resorting to repeated regulations of the controller parameters. Finally, four illustrative examples are employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and tracking differentiator.     

Modified Smith predictor for frequency identification and disturbance rejection of single sinusoidal signal

This paper presents a frequency identification and disturbance rejection scheme for open loop stable time delay systems with disturbance containing a constant signal and a single sinusoidal signal. Astrom’s modified Smith predictor is employed to maintain good setpoint tracking performance. Disturbance rejection controller is designed via internal model control principle and functions as a finite dimensional repetitive controller. Extended Kalman filter is designed to track the frequency of unknown periodic disturbance. The simulation results demonstrate the successful performance of the proposed disturbance rejection method for controlling a linear system with time delays, subjected to both step and sinusoidal disturbances.