共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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论述了GUM S1与基于贝叶斯方法的不确定度评估,解析说明了GUM S1是一种选定参数且在特定先验信息下的贝叶斯方法。在一定的先验条件下对于线性系统,GUM S1与贝叶斯评估方法的结果是一致的;但对于非线性测量模型,两者的结果通常都不一样,其原因在于选择了不同的参数组以及先验信息的选取。通过两个测量模型的实例说明:对于线性系统,两种方法都可以使用;但对于非线性测量模型,且对被测量无先验信息时采用GUM S1所推荐方法能得到较为可靠的结果。在实际计量工作中若对被测量有了解,则可以采用贝叶斯分析方法。 相似文献
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主要论述了贝叶斯统计用于加速度计校准结果的分析.首先介绍了对于线性测量模型,GUM、GUM S1以及基于贝叶斯统计分析测量不确定度的过程,说明三种方法分析的不同之处.然后结合实际工作中振动与冲击校准加速度计的数据,利用不同先验分布的贝叶斯统计和GUM系列方法进行了分析并对结果进行了比较.针对冲击加速度国际关键比对的部分数据建立了贝叶斯独立和层次两种不同的数据统计模型,在此基础之上结合马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗法(MCMC)对比对参考值和相应不确定度的计算,并且与通用方法的计算结果进行了比较.通过不同方法得到结果的一致性与差异性说明了贝叶斯统计用于不确定度评估的优缺点. 相似文献
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针对计量领域中广泛应用的数据回归处理方法,阐述了在基于正态分布噪声条件下,最小二乘法与贝叶斯推断法用于回归模型参数估计以及相应不确定度评估的过程。GUM系列不确定度评估准则中没有明确指出如何对回归参数进行不确定度评估,同时有些回归模型也无法唯一地转化为相应的测量方程。通过计量校准的实例说明了如何处理相应参数的确定等问题,以此说明2种方法的相同与不同之处。最小二乘方法计算简单直接且便于使用;而基于贝叶斯推断的方法则能充分利用计量校准中的经验和历史数据等信息,但由于其参数后验分布计算通常较为复杂,需采用马尔科夫链-蒙特卡罗(MCMC)法通过数值计算得到关注参数的结果。 相似文献
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采用蒙特卡洛方法(MCM)对平尺最小二乘直线度和最小条件直线度进行测量不确定度评估。通过与测量不确定度评定指南法(GUM)的评估结果进行比较发现,MCM评估出的最小二乘直线度和最小条件直线度的测量不确定度分别比GUM评估结果小0.028μm和0.026μm。在给定的0.05μm允差范围内,两种评估方法对直线度测量不确定度的评估均有效。统计检验采用了kolmogorov-smirnov检验法、jarque-bera检验法、normal probability plot图示法、偏度和峰度检验法。通过对两种不同定义直线度的测量模型进行统计检验分析发现,被测量分布函数与正态分布的峰度偏离是造成差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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对于测量结果的不确定度评价主要依据的文件是ISO GUM,本文对GUM以及最新的利用MonteCarlo法基于概率密度函数(PDF)的传递评价测量不确定度的标准ISO GUM S1进行分析,阐述了两者评价测量不确定度的联系、基于Monte Carlo法的评价测量不确定度的数值计算方法.文中针对两个典型的例子,分别采用GUM与GUM S1规定的两种不确定度评定方法对其进行了不确定度评估,并对结果进行了比较. 相似文献
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L. Lages Martins A. Silva Ribeiro J. Alves e Sousa Alistair B. Forbes 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2012,33(8-9):1568-1582
This article describes the measurement uncertainty evaluation of the dew-point temperature when using a two-pressure humidity generator as a reference standard. The estimation of the dew-point temperature involves the solution of a non-linear equation for which iterative solution techniques, such as the Newton?CRaphson method, are required. Previous studies have already been carried out using the GUM method and the Monte Carlo method but have not discussed the impact of the approximate numerical method used to provide the temperature estimation. One of the aims of this article is to take this approximation into account. Following the guidelines presented in the GUM Supplement 1, two alternative approaches can be developed: the forward measurement uncertainty propagation by the Monte Carlo method when using the Newton?CRaphson numerical procedure; and the inverse measurement uncertainty propagation by Bayesian inference, based on prior available information regarding the usual dispersion of values obtained by the calibration process. The measurement uncertainties obtained using these two methods can be compared with previous results. Other relevant issues concerning this research are the broad application to measurements that require hygrometric conditions obtained from two-pressure humidity generators and, also, the ability to provide a solution that can be applied to similar iterative models. The research also studied the factors influencing both the use of the Monte Carlo method (such as the seed value and the convergence parameter) and the inverse uncertainty propagation using Bayesian inference (such as the pre-assigned tolerance, prior estimate, and standard deviation) in terms of their accuracy and adequacy. 相似文献
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A polynomial chaos approach to measurement uncertainty 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lovett T.E. Ponci F. Monti A. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2006,55(3):729-736
Measurement uncertainty is traditionally represented in the form of expanded uncertainty as defined through the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The International Organization for Standardization GUM represents uncertainty through confidence intervals based on the variances and means derived from probability density functions. A new approach to the evaluation of measurement uncertainty based on the polynomial chaos theory is presented and compared with the traditional GUM method. 相似文献
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Bayesian decision threshold, detection limit and confidence limits in ionising-radiation measurement
Weise K Hübel K Rose E Schläger M Schrammel D Täschner M Michel R 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2006,121(1):52-63
Based on Bayesian statistics and the Bayesian theory of measurement uncertainty, characteristic limits such as the decision threshold, detection limit and limits of a confidence interval can be calculated taking into account all sources of uncertainty. This approach consists of the complete evaluation of a measurement according to the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the successive determination of the characteristic limits by using the standard uncertainty obtained from the evaluation. This procedure is elaborated here for several particular models of evaluation. It is, however, so general that it allows for a large variety of applications to similar measurements. It is proposed for the revision of those parts of DIN 25482 and ISO 11929 that are still based on conventional statistics and, therefore, do not allow to take completely into account all the components of measurement uncertainty in the calculation of the characteristic limits. 相似文献
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以焓值法的直接测试量表征的制冷量和制热量计算公式作为基础数学模型,采用GUM法和蒙特卡洛法相结合的方法来评定全年能源消耗效率(APF)的不确定度。由于焓值法数学模型呈现出明显的非线性,首先使用蒙特卡洛法来验证额定制冷量和额定制热量GUM法评定结果, 验证结果显示2种方法偏差不超过2‰。然后,给出了5个工况下换热量的不确定度评定结果,以此作为APF蒙特卡洛模拟的输入量,并给出了自适应蒙特卡洛法评定APF不确定度模拟流程,得到某空调的APF扩展不确定度评定结果为0.09 kW·h/(kW·h)(k=2)。 相似文献
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对嫦娥一号激光高度计月球表面在轨高程探测数据进行了误差分析处理和不确定度评定研究。首先,选择了月海平坦地形区域的激光高度计高程数据;然后分析了主要的探测不确定度来源,建立了相应数学模型;最后采用了蒙特卡洛方法(MCM)进行了不确定度评定研究,给出了某些月海区域高程探测不确定度评定结果,并与测量不确定度表示指南方法(GUM)进行对比。研究结果表明:MCM评定方法与GUM方法结果基本一致;处理结果也能和其他月球探测结果进行对比研究,希冀对月球及空间环境有更多、更新的发现。 相似文献