基于纹理特征的自适应插值

在传统有理插值函数的基础上构造出一种新的混合插值模型.该混合插值模型是有理函数与分形插值函数的有机整体,可由形状参数和尺度因子唯一确定.由于分形是刻画图像复杂度的有效工具,引入分形维数描述纹理的复杂程度.首先,提出一种基于局部分形维数的自适应阈值选取的方法,将整幅图像划分为纹理区域和非纹理区域.在纹理区域采用有理分形函数插值,在非纹理区域采用有理函数插值.尤其在有理分形插值模型中,提出一种基于分形维数的精确计算尺度因子的方法.最后,通过优化形状参数进一步提高插值图像质量.实验结果表明：提出的基于图像特征的混合插值模型与当前经典算法相比,尤其是在处理纹理图像方面,具有明显优势.     

基于插值与剪切波融合的图像超分辨率重建

针对单幅图像超分辨率重建问题,提出一种基于软判决自适应( SAI)-双三次( Bicubic)插值与平移不变剪切波融合的超分辨率重建算法。对源图像分别进行SAI插值和Bicubic插值,采用平移不变剪切波变换对2幅插值图像进行多尺度、多方向分解,得到低频及高频子带,对于低频子带,根据区域系数方差确定模糊相似度,结合改进的S函数确定自适应加权融合规则,对于高频子带,采用新改进拉普拉斯能量和与加权平均相结合的融合规则进行处理,将得到的融合系数进行剪切波逆变换,从而得到高分辨率重建图像。实验结果表明,与原有的SAI插值算法相比,该算法能提升重建图像的清晰度及峰值信噪比。     

结合结构自相似性和卷积网络的单幅图像超分辨率

针对单幅图像超分辨率（SR）复原病态逆问题,在重建过程边缘细节丢失导致的模糊,提出一种结合结构自相似和卷积网络的单幅图像超分辨率算法。首先,通过将尺度分解获得待重构图片样本的自身结构相似性,结合外部数据库样本结合作为训练样本,可以解决样本过于分散的问题;其次,将样本输入卷积神经网络（CNN）进行训练学习,得到单幅图像超分辨率的先验知识;然后,利用非局部约束项自适应选择最优字典重建图像;最后,利用迭代反投影算法对图像超分辨率效果进一步提升。实验结果表明,与双三次插值（Bicubic）方法、K-SVD算法和基于卷积神经网络的图像超分辨率（SRCNN）方法等优秀算法相比,所提算法可以得到边缘更为清晰的超分辨率重建效果。     

多尺度有理分形的图像插值算法

目的图像插值是图像处理中的重要问题,为了提高纹理图像的放大质量,结合以往的有理函数的插值算法,提出一种新的基于有理分形函数的图像插值算法。方法对于输入图像,首先,运用中值滤波和直方图均衡化对输入图像预处理;其次,通过毯子覆盖法求出图像的多尺度分形特征值,进行纹理区域和平滑区域的划分;最后,在纹理区域采用有理分形插值函数,在平滑区域采用有理插值函数。结果对于一般图像,本文算法与NARM(nonlocal autoregressive model),NEDI(new edge-directed interpolation)相当,在纹理区域较多的图像中,本文算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)数值上较对比算法进一步提高,在视觉效果上,图像对比度明显增强,在Barbara,Truck等的对比图像中,峰值信噪比均提高了0.5 1 dB。结论本文插值算法利用多尺度分形特征将图像划分区域,在不同区域采用不同的插值模型。优化模型参数使得插值质量进一步提高。实验表明本文算法能够对纹理和非纹理区域有效划分对纹理的信息保持优于传统算法,获得了较好的主客观效果。     

图像插值模糊的非线性自适应消除

针对线性移不变图像插值方法造成的插值图像边缘模糊,提出采用具有高通特性的有理滤波器增强图像,重建锐变的图像边缘。对基本有理滤波算子进行改进,避免滤波信号峰值点和孤立点的失真。推广算子的二维形式并引入图像对比度约束,形成一种自适应图像插值模糊消除算法。实验结果表明,算法能够不失真地重建图像边缘的高频细节,提高图像的视觉分辨率,图像质量优于现有图像插值模糊消除算法。     

小波局部适应插值的图像超分辨率重建

针对单帧低分辨率图像的超分辨率重建问题,提出一种改进的小波局部适应插值的超分辨率重建方法,该方法能够弥补重建图像边缘不平滑的缺陷。结合小波变换与可分离高低频信息的特性,提出一种综合两者优点的单帧图像超分辨率重建算法。实验结果表明,采用该算法得到的重建图像不仅能较好地保留原始图像的细节信息,提高图像的空间分辨率,并能提高图像的峰值信噪比,更适合人眼视觉系统。     

纹理边缘引导的深度图像超分辨率重建

目的 深度图像作为一种普遍的3维场景信息表达方式在立体视觉领域有着广泛的应用。Kinect深度相机能够实时获取场景的深度图像,但由于内部硬件的限制和外界因素的干扰,获取的深度图像存在分辨率低、边缘不准确的问题,无法满足实际应用的需要。为此提出了一种基于彩色图像边缘引导的Kinect深度图像超分辨率重建算法。方法 首先对深度图像进行初始化上采样,并提取初始化深度图像的边缘;进一步利用高分辨率彩色图像和深度图像的相似性,采用基于结构化学习的边缘检测方法提取深度图的正确边缘;最后找出初始化深度图的错误边缘和深度图正确边缘之间的不可靠区域,采用边缘对齐的策略对不可靠区域进行插值填充。结果 在NYU2数据集上进行实验,与8种最新的深度图像超分辨率重建算法作比较,用重建之后的深度图像和3维重建的点云效果进行验证。实验结果表明本文算法在提高深度图像的分辨率的同时,能有效修正上采样后深度图像的边缘,使深度边缘与纹理边缘对齐,也能抑制上采样算法带来的边缘模糊现象;3维点云效果显示,本文算法能准确区分场景中的前景和背景,应用于3维重建等应用能取得较其他算法更好的效果。结论 本文算法普遍适用于Kinect深度图像的超分辨率重建问题,该算法结合同场景彩色图像与深度图像的相似性,利用纹理边缘引导深度图像的超分辨率重建,可以得到较好的重建结果。     

基于预测稀疏编码的快速单幅图像超分辨率重建

针对经典的基于稀疏编码的图像超分辨率算法在重建过程中运算量大、计算效率低的缺点,提出一种基于预测稀疏编码的单幅图像超分辨率重建算法。训练阶段,该算法在传统的稀疏编码误差函数基础上叠加编码预测误差项构造目标函数,并采用交替优化过程最小化该目标函数;测试阶段,仅需将输入的低分辨图像块和预先训练得到的低分辨率字典相乘就能预测出重建系数,从而避免了求解稀疏回归问题。实验结果表明,与经典的基于稀疏编码的单幅图像超分辨率算法相比,该算法能够在显著减少重建阶段运算时间的同时几乎完全保留超分辨率视觉效果。     

纹理细节和边缘结构保持的图像插值算法

针对图像重建过程中产生的边缘结构被破坏和纹理细节丢失问题,提出一种纹理细节和边缘结构保持的图像插值算法。首先,采用自适应阈值的八方向边缘检测划分图像区域;其次,构造双变量有理函数模型,它可在有理模型和多项式模型之间转换;最后,提出基于边缘数据的局部不对称性和梯度特征调整待插值点空间距离的方法,调整边缘部分待插值点坐标并代入有理模型实现插值,而非边缘部分采用多项式模型插值。实验表明,该算法的峰值信噪比平均提升了0.48~2.17 dB,结构相似性平均提升了0.004~0.028,获得了较高的客观评价数据。该算法将原空间距离不变的插值修正为空间距离变化的插值,有效地保持了图像的边缘结构和纹理细节,使得重建结果具有较好的视觉效果。     

基于压缩感知和SVR的自学习单幅图像超分辨率重建

针对依靠外部图像库的超分辨率(SR)重建算法训练耗时长、容易出现错误高频细节的问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知(CS)理论和支持向量回归(SVR)的单幅图像超分辨率重建方法。对降质图像本身训练SVR模型,充分挖掘图像自身的自相似特点。训练过程中先对输入图像边缘进行检测并对图像块进行分类,然后稀疏编码图像块,再根据图像的标签向量和稀疏表示矩阵训练得到SVR模型,并在测试过程中利用该模型预测高分辨率(HR)图像。实验结果表明,与基于外部库方法重建图像的方法相比,该算法所得结果的细节更加真实;与双三次插值方法相比该算法所得结果的边缘更加清晰。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.