一种浸渍用PVC增塑糊的制备与应用研究

介绍了一种浸渍用PVC增塑糊的配方组成及制备过程，研究了糊剂配方中主要组分对糊剂粘度及稳定性的影响。采用聚异氰酸酯类粘接剂增加糊剂与聚酯纤维网布的结合强度，并通过浸轧工艺，对高强聚酯纤维网布进行上糊处理，再与PVC胚膜贴合制备成产品。通过测试其力学性能，并利用ESEM对其剥离后聚酯纤维的微观形貌进行表征。结果表明：增塑糊与聚酯纤维的相容性优良，聚酯纤维／PVC复合材料的综合力学性能优异。     

聚酯纤维

<正>TQ 342.220145038新型改性聚酯纤维的结构和性能WuNingning…;AdvancedMaterialsResearch(Durn-ten-Zurich,Switzerland),2013,821~822(Advanc-esinTextileEngineeringandMaterialsIII),p.55(英)纤维的结构和性能会影响加工工艺和纺织品的服用性能。文章中介绍了3种新型的改性共聚酯纤维。为了利用好这些改性共聚酯纤维以及预测它们的加工工艺和服用性能,通过测量横截面、结晶     

两种聚酯工程纤维改性道路沥青的微观结构与性能

研究了两种聚酯工程纤维改性道路沥青的微观结构与性能。实验结果表明:两种聚酯纤维增加了沥青的软化点和针入度指数,但降低了沥青的针入度与延度;当添加量为4%~5%时,改性沥青形成了完整凝胶网络结构,各项性能趋于恒定。另外,聚酯纤维用量增加,道路沥青热氧化稳定性改善和断裂功增加;纤维特性黏度大、长径比低的聚酯纤维改性效果更好。     

聚酯纤维润滑剂

针对当今发展的聚酯纺丝加工工艺对平滑剂的要求以及如何采用新的润滑剂技术来满足聚酯纤维生产工艺的最新要求进行了论述,并对聚酯纤维润滑剂的结构与性能以及如何评价润滑剂体系进行了初步探     

聚酯纤维沥青胶浆性能研究

采用聚酯纤维制备沥青胶浆试样,研究聚酯纤维沥青胶浆的微观形态以及聚酯纤维用量、长度对沥青胶浆性能的影响。结果表明:聚酯纤维表面吸附沥青并与沥青形成良好的界面层。聚酯纤维的加入能有效改善沥青胶浆的性能,特别是当聚酯纤维搭接形成网络结构时,沥青胶浆性能得到显著提高。     

异形聚酯纤维的结构性能研究

对几种国产的异形聚酯纤维的表面形貌、取向因子、蠕变性能进行了分析，对比了扁平、“十”字断面、中空三种不同截面聚酯纤维的形态结构，讨论了纤维形态结构对性能的影响。结果表明：聚酯纤维异形化结构显著，纤维的蠕变现象明显；通过对异形聚酯纤维取向因子的测定，表明纤维的取向因子受纤维线密度及喷丝板形状的影响；对比了不同纤维截面对纤维性能及纤维用途的影响。     

含竹炭聚酯纤维制备方法探究

从工艺流程优化、工艺参数选择等方面研究了含竹炭的聚酯纤维纺丝工艺,获得了最经济、环保的生产方法,并对竹炭聚酯纤维性能进行了研究,得到的竹炭聚酯纤维机械性能和稳定性较好,能满足使用要求。     

异纤异收缩聚酯网络丝生产技术

分别探讨了高沸水收缩率和低沸水收缩率聚酯纤维生产及二者网络并合得到异收缩丝的工艺，这种异收缩丝经沸水处理后，因收缩率不同而形成皮芯结构，用其织成的面料经沸水处理后，织物表面具有立体起绒和荧光效果。     

聚酯纤维的碱减量处理

本文剖析了常规聚酯纤维碱处理的机理，简要阐述了其加工方式。通过图表说明：一方面，碱处理工艺和加工方式对聚酯纤维性能有直接影响；另一方面，聚酯纤维的结构组成和形成历史不同，碱处理工艺也有所不同。因此，要获得较理想的碱处理效果，须对各方面综合考虑。     

磷系阻燃共聚酯纤维的微观结构与性能

采用共聚改性法制备了不同磷含量的阻燃共聚酯纤维,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射等方法表征阻燃共聚酯纤维的微观结构,并对纤维的热收缩性、柔软性和染色性能进行测试.结果表明:磷系阻燃剂的加入,纤维的结晶度和晶粒尺寸减小,玻璃化转变温度和熔点下降,纤维的干热收缩率和沸水收缩率增加,柔软性提高,染色性能得到改善,上染...     

Generation of a fibrillar core in PET fiber by cold drawing

Cold draw processing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarns has been discovered that yields a sheath/fibrillar core (s/fc) microstructure in the each fiber of a yarn. When aged, unoriented, noncrystalline spun yarns were cold drawn, high (>5.7 : 1) draw ratios could be achieved and an s/fc microstructure resulted. Cold drawing also generated a high oriented amorphous content. The tensile and shrinkage properties of yarns with the s/fc microstructure and high oriented amorphous content were examined as function of processing (drawing, annealing, and relaxing). The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and optical microscopy. The fibrillar microstructure survives all processing. Management of the oriented amorphous component under heat and tension contributes to the greater stiffness (modulus) and dimensional stability of processed s/fc yarns. The properties of yarns with an s/fc microstructure are compared with more conventional hot drawn yarns. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2335–2352, 1999     

Process-Controlled Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings: New Insights from Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering

A multicomponent microstructure model is applied in ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering studies of two groups of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). One group was sprayed from a single powder feedstock using controlled processing conditions. The other group included three different feedstock morphologies (obtained from different manufacturing methods), each with a similar particle size distribution and sprayed under the same average controlled processing conditions. The microstructure is quantitatively related to the feedstock morphology and processing conditions. Relationships are explored among these microstructures and the coating properties (e.g., thermal conductivity, elastic modulus). The degree of microstructural anisotropy is demonstrated to be pore-size dependent, being more pronounced for larger pores, and more sensitive to feedstock morphology ( powder processing ) than to spray processing. The microstructure analysis indicates two broad distributions of interlamellar pores, which combined, account for 70%–80% of the pore volume. The total porosity is found to increase with decreasing particle temperature or velocity. For all coatings, a negative linear relationship exists between thermal conductivity and total porosity. Comparison of the new analysis is made with earlier small-angle neutron scattering results, and implications are considered for a more general application of this metrology in TBC microstructure design.     

Optimization of the Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide-Fiber-Reinforced Zirconia Titanate Matrix Composites through Controlled Processing

The effects of processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of a SiC-fiber-reinforced ZrTiO₄ matrix composite were evaluated through a controlled study. The microstructure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical behavior was characterized by strength and toughness measurements, which were correlated with the microstructure of the composite. The optimized processing schedule developed included incorporation of CO-heat-treated BN-coated fibers, composite calcination at 530°C, and consolidation via hot-pressing at 1270°C and 17.25 MPa applied pressure in an atmosphere of CO at an overpressure of 111.5 kPa (1.1 atm). Use of this processing schedule improved in situ fiber strength and modified the fiber/matrix interfacial microstructure to ameliorate its sliding and debonding resistance, leading to a composite with average strength over 1 GPa and a toughness of 26 MPa.m^1/2.     

Y-α-β-SiAlON复相陶瓷的制备和显微结构调控

本文在目前相关系研究的基础上，通过组份设计和工艺条件摸索，制备出不同相组成和显微结构的Ｙ－α－β－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ复相陶瓷，根据相图并结合测量的收缩速率曲线分析了组份对致密化过程和相含量的影响。此外由化学、相、组成设计并配以一定工艺条件，实现了相结构和显微结构的调控。     

The influence of processing on the microstructure and the microwave properties of Co-F-codoped barium strontium titanate thick-films

The influence of processing on the microstructure and the dielectric properties of Co-F-codoped Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thick-films has been investigated. BST powders with different particle sizes were prepared and applied on alumina substrates by screen-printing. The resulting thick-films were sintered at different holding times and characterized with respect to their microstructure and microwave properties. The microstructure of the thick-films shows a clear dependency on sintering time and initial particle size. In addition to grain growth, the formation of a secondary phase is observed at the interface between substrate and BST with increasing sintering time. The dielectric characterization at microwave frequencies shows an increase of tunability with larger grain size while the dielectric loss is even lowered. This shows the strong influence of the microstructure on the material properties and the possibility of tailoring the material through specific processing.     

Freeze Casting as a Nanoparticle Material-Forming Method

Nanoparticle material forming is challenging because of loose packing and agglomeration issues intrinsic to nanoparticles. Liquid processing shows great potential to overcome such hurdles. This study is focused on nanoparticle colloidal processing and freeze-casting forming. Al₂O₃ nanoparticle suspensions are examined, and microstructure evolution of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle suspension during freeze casting is discussed. The "Fines" effect influences nanoparticle packing on freeze-cast sample surfaces. Trapped air bubbles in the suspension lead to a porous bulk microstructure. Prerest is necessary for dense and homogeneous green microstructure formation. The green strength, fracture mode, and ability to form fine features by freeze casting are also evaluated.     

Microstructural origin of physical and mechanical properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene processed by high velocity compaction

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a semi-crystalline polymer with exceptional wear and impact properties, but also a very high melt viscosity, owing to its extremely long chains. Therefore, UHMWPE is non-melt processable and its processing is long and expensive. However, a new process, High Velocity Compaction (HVC), allows processing UHMWPE within short processing times via sintering. Several high velocity impacts are applied to a powder-filled die to provide self-heating. The sintering is then obtained by local fusion/recrystallization. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of UHMWPE processed by HVC are investigated. Ductile UHMWPE with a high modulus was obtained. The particular microstructure of the material resulting from the sintering by fusion/recrystallization has then been characterized. It appears that mechanical properties of HVC-UHMWPE are governed by the microstructure induced by processing conditions, and hence can be adjusted for a given application.     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of reinforced reaction injection molded (RRIM) polyurethane

A study was carried out to characterize the microstructure and distribution of some mechanical properties in reinforced reaction injection molding panels (RRIM). The panels were prepared under a variety of processing conditions. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared analysis were employed for microstructure characterization. The following mechanical tests were carried out: dynamic mechanical, tensile, and impact. The results indicate significant relationships between processing conditions, microstructure, and mechanical properties. In particular, the skin/core structure of the panels and the size distribution of bubbles in the matrix have an important effect on the impact properties. Furthermore, the balance between the distributions of cure and crystallinity, which is difficult to define clearly, plays an important role in determining panel behavior.     

The effects of polyvinyl chloride hierarchical structure on processing and properties

The hierarchical structures in PVC are such that the larger structures formed during polymerization are broken down to smaller structures during processing. These smaller structures have properties dependent on their microstructure. While PVC's microstructure is mostly amorphous, it contains crystallites that act as physical crosslinks connected together by tie molecules. The microstructure is extended to a larger three dimensional structure by melting during processing followed by recrystallization upon cooling. The strength of this larger three dimensional structure is interpreted from the roughness of extrudate from a zero land length die. This visual method is more sensitive for detecting large three dimensional network structure than measuring capillary entrance pressures, especially for very weak three dimensional structures. Both higher processing temperatures and higher molecular weight PVCs contribute strength to this three dimensional structure which plays a large role in determining lzod impact and stress rupture. Plasticized PVC has a structure similar to rigid PVC as judged by the roughness characteristics of its extrudate. In this case, the plasticizer is soluble in the amorphous phase leaving the crystallites intact.     

PP–elastomer–filler hybrids. I. Processing,microstructure, and mechanical properties

Three-component systems with a polypropylene (PP) matrix consisting of polar elastomer (ethylene–propylene rubber and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene grafted with maleic anhydride) or of polar PP (PP grafted with maleic anhydride) and filler were investigated. Three microstructures of PP–elastomer–filler hybrids were obtained by processing control and elastomer or PP modification with the maleic anhydride: fillers and rubber particles were separated in the PP matrix, rubber particles with filler core were distributed in the PP matrix, and mixed microstructures of the first and second. A study of mechanical properties showed that the elastic modulus increased in the first microstructure and impact strength increased in the second microstructure. Mechanisms for the relationships between microstructure, processing, and mechanical properties are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.