MMIC的微带线中瞬态信号失真的联合时频分析

用联合时频分析的方法对微带线中传输的瞬态信号的失真进行了分析,在时频二维平面上得到了信号波形的畸变、色散、功率谱的分布,克服了传统分析方法中时域与频域相分离的缺点.应用FDTD计算出皮秒高斯脉冲在MMIC的三种典型微带结构中传输一段距离后的波形,利用Wigner-Ville分布对其进行分析,结果更清晰的显示了三种微带结构对瞬态信号传播特性的差别.     

保护带对不同参数微带线信号和噪声的影响

基于时域有限差分方法(FDTD),采用各项异性介质完全匹配层为吸收边界条件,以高斯脉冲为激励源,在激励微带线与静态微带线参数相同且二者内侧边缘之间的距离及保护带参数不变的条件下,研究保护带对不同参数微带线信号完整性的影响规律;保护带对不同参数微带线之间耦合噪声抑制效果的变化规律;保护带接地孔间距的变化对不同参数微带线信号完整性和耦合噪声的影响规律。并用有限元(FEM)方法进行了验证。结果表明:保护带的作用效果与微带线的参数有关。     

投弃式仪器数据传输信道时频响应求解方法

针对传输函数求解船载投弃式仪器信道分布参数模型误差较大的问题, 提出了一种求解其数据传输信道时频响应的方法.时域响应采用时域有限差分(Finite Difference Time Domain, FDTD)法, 求得信道上任意位置的时域响应, 频域响应采用BLT(Baum-Liu-Tesche)方程结合电磁拓扑理论, 对信道的关键节点进行频域分析.最后测试了信道的时频域波形, 并与理论仿真结果进行对比, 结果表明:在仪器的工作频率内, 理论仿真与试验结果一致, 为进一步地研究终端电路的设计及传输方案的改进提供了理论基础.     

耦合微带线的散射参数特性分析

针对耦合微带线的散射参数在一些频率点处呈现出波峰、波谷现象,该文根据微波网络理论,从两根平行微带线的奇模和偶模的散射参数出发,推导出四端口网络散射参数的波峰、波谷处频率与并行长度和线间距的关系。同时分别在频域和时域研究了两根平行微带结构的插入损耗对信号传输的影响。经分析发现,由于微带线间的耦合,波峰、波谷处的频率随线间距增大而提高,随长度增大而降低;而且在串扰产生的同时,所传输的信号也有一定程度的衰减。     

PCB上微带线的电磁耦合时域建模分析方法

基于时域有限差分方法和传输线方程,结合高效网格建模技术,文中提出了一种高效的时域建模算 法,它能有效解决微带线的电磁耦合建模问题,实现空间电磁场与微带线瞬态响应的同步计算。首先,结合经验公 式,计算得到微带线的单位长度分布参数,构建适用于微带线电磁耦合分析的传输线方程。然后,采用时域有限差 分(Finite-Difference Time-Domain, FDTD)方法,结合非均匀网格技术和自动网格生成技术,仿真得到微带线激励场, 并在每个时间步进上引入传输线方程获得等效分布源项。最后,对传输线方程使用FDTD 的中心差分格式进行离 散,实现微带线及其端接电路上瞬态响应的迭代求解。为了验证时域建模算法的正确性和高效性,通过自由空间和 屏蔽腔内PCB 上微带线电磁耦合的数值模拟,从计算精度和耗时两方面与传统FDTD 方法的计算结果进行了对比。     

基于THz-TDR的芯片金属微带线缺陷检测

针对体积小、走线密集、集成度高的封装芯片缺陷检测,目前的主要检测手段存在精度低、周期长等缺点。为弥补传统检测方法的不足,作者结合太赫兹技术与时域反射技术,探究对芯片上金属导线缺陷检测的可行性。首先在不同宽度的金属微带线上加工了不同比例的凸起、凹槽缺陷,模拟集成芯片中金属导线的不完全开/短路等阻抗不匹配情况,利用太赫兹时域反射计采集其时域反射信号。然后根据时域反射脉冲对应的时间分别对不同缺陷程度、不同缺陷类型进行定性分析,并精确计算出了芯片上金属微带线的缺陷位置。最后利用有限元分析法对硅基底上存在缺陷的金属微带线进行仿真分析,与实验结果具有良好的一致性。该研究表明,太赫兹技术与时域反射技术结合能够实现对芯片上金属导线缺陷的诊断检测,为集成芯片的缺陷检测提供了经验参考。     

基于太赫兹片上系统微带线的设计与仿真

太赫兹片上系统是一种将太赫兹产生和探测装置以及波导传输装置集成在同一基片上的设计,应用于晶体材料的共振吸收以实现对太赫兹时域光谱的探测。太赫兹产生与探测装置都由光电导天线构成,波导传输装置由微带线构成。微带线是一种能够传输高频电磁波的波导结构,但相比于自由空间波导具有高损耗和散射特性。为了研究微带线的结构参数对太赫兹波传输损耗的影响,采用模拟仿真的方法,得出了传输损耗随着传输长度和频率的增加而增加,随着微带线金属层厚度与介质层厚度的增加而减少的规律,从而证明了传输损耗的减少能够通过合理设计微带线结构来实现。     

平面传输线上瞬态脉冲信号的联合时—频描述

本文研究瞬态脉冲信号在微带线和共面波导传输线上的传输特性。用联合时－频描述方法将时域脉冲信号扩展到时间－频率的二维平面，通过时间窗、频率窗和时－频平面对矩形和高斯脉冲信号的瞬态特性进行比较分析，与传统的傅立叶分析相比，对瞬态脉冲信号的联合时－频描述，可以更直观、更全面地了解脉冲信号在平面传输线上任意时间、任意位置的瞬态变化。     

基于FDTD方法的微带线耦合噪声研究

基于时域有限差分（FDTD）方法,采用单轴各向异性介质完全匹配层为吸收边界条件,用上升沿为200ps、稳态值为1v的斜坡信号为激励源,在微带线间距保持不变,激励源及负载与微带线特性阻抗相匹配的情况下,研究微带宽度、PCB介质基板厚度和相对介电常数等参数对平直微带线近端耦合噪声和远端耦合噪声的影响,其次,研究微带线中部的直角弯曲对不同参数微带线耦合噪声特征的影响规律,和当微带线直角弯曲被45°斜切后,前述不同参数微带线耦合噪声特征的变化,结果有助于微带线的优化设计。     

高功率微波照射下阿基米德螺旋天线响应特性

天线在高功率微波辐照下的响应特性分析是研究后端接收电路干扰特性及毁伤效应的依据。以典型的平面阿基米德螺旋天线为研究对象,利用理论分析和时域有限积分方法相结合,研究了该天线在高功率微波场作用下的时域和频域响应特性,并开展了相关的试验验证。结果表明,通过Friis 传输理论预估的发射功率和实际发射功率的误差在1 dB 量级,仿真得到的响应信号和测试得到的响应信号在时域波形和频谱特性上均吻合较好,仿真方法正确有效,为高功率微波照射下天线响应特性的研究提供了技术支撑。     

Position-dependent control of numerical integration in circuit simulation

In circuit simulators based on nodal analysis techniques, one numerical integration method is typically used to solve all differential equations. The properties of this method determine to a large extent the types of waveforms which can be simulated accurately. In this work, a concept for the position dependent control of numerical integration to simulate waveforms with very diverse characteristics is introduced. The numerical integration is adjusted individually in different positions of the circuit so that an accurate emulation of diverse waveforms is attained. The object-oriented implementation is discussed. It is shown that the concept is numerically very efficient and therefore suitable for time critical simulation.     

级联三能级系统混沌模型下的五阶非线性效应

本文采用四阶相关函数理论研究了级联三能级系统混沌模型下的五阶非线性效应。通过对泵浦光为宽带及窄带情形的分析，发现五阶极化拍频信号的强度随时间的变化取决于激光的统计特性和跃迁的横向驰豫率，从而在测量原子能级分裂时可以得到消除多普勒极限增宽的精度。另外，对信号的空间调制也进行了分析。     

Magnetic Study of the His?Purkinje Conduction System in Man

It has recently been suggested that depolarization of the entire His-Purkinje conduction system of the heart produces a characteristic waveform in the surface electrocardiogram. The magnetic probe offers a different and, in some respects, advantageous means of observing such waveforms, and extensive records of the surface magnetic field generated by the human heart have been obtained for four normal subjects. A first-order SQUID gradiometer was employed havinAthe lowest noise level yet reported in any biomagnetic study (6 X 10-15 T/?Hz). Using an on-line computer, 100 beat averages were taken at 49 positions over the chest on a 1 in square grid. The fields observed have a characteristic symmetry and provide support for the suggestion that events associated with depolarization of the conduction system may be observed at the surface of the torso.     

激光脉冲波形对推力器性能的影响

激光推力器性能优化是激光推力器研究的重要组成部分。受硬件条件的限制,激光推进领域激光脉冲时间波形对推力器性能影响的研究并未广泛展开。以两台CO2激光器的实际脉冲波形为基准,建立了两组激光能量输入模型,其波形时间分布相似,单脉冲能量相同,但脉冲持续时间及峰值功率不同。数值计算比较了不同脉冲波形下抛物型激光推力器的性能,结果表明:峰值功率和脉冲持续时间是影响推力器性能的重要参数,高功率短持续时间的脉冲波形更有利于提高冲量耦合系数和推力;两种实际脉冲波形的冲量耦合系数数值计算结果分别为40.9×10-5N.s/J,30.0×10-5N.s/J,与文献报道实验测量结果基本吻合。为激光推进CO2激光器的脉冲波形设计提供支持及研究思路,具有一定参考价值。     

Application of Nonuniform Transmission Lines to Ultra Wideband Pulse Shaping

The work presented in this letter demonstrates that nonuniform transmission lines (NUTLs) can be used for pulse shaping applications in ultra wideband pulsed systems and presents an approach to their design for this application. The pulsed waveforms generated are modified Hermite polynomials and encoded pulse trains thereof and are characterised by a broad bandwidth ranging from near DC to over 10 GHz and relatively long temporal duration in the region of nanoseconds. These pulses are more mathematically complex and at least three times higher bandwidth than previously has been reported in the literature. It is also believed to be the first time that modified Hermite polynomial pulses have been generated in practice. The NUTL design approach is verified by test structures fabricated on FR4 circuit board. The results demonstrate that NUTLs, which are completely passive structures, allow generation of complex pulse shapes in applications requiring fast, transient waveforms.      

Observation of the internal waveforms in high-speed high-density LSIs using an EOS prober

Electron beam (EB) probing has been used to observe the internal waveforms in ULSLs. However, as the speed of LSIs increases and their power consumption decreases, the temporal and voltage resolution of EB probing is going to be inadequate for measuring these waveforms. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) probing is expected to overcome this limitation, provided its spatial resolution can be improved. In this paper, forming a via on the interconnection under test is proposed for practically improving spatial resolution. The effectiveness of this method and the dependence of the detected signal level on testing pad area are clarified by simulation. To verify these results, vias are formed in ECL SRAMs by focused ion beam trimming, and waveforms with frequency as high as 100 MHz and swing as small as 30 mV are successfully observed. Using this technique, the dependence of the detected signal level on testing pad area is verified, and it is confirmed that the amplitude change below 10 mV and the delay time below 100 ps can be measured. With the improved spatial resolution, EOS probing enables us to observe high-frequency and small-swing waveforms even in high-density fine interconnections. In future, this technology will be crucial for observing internal waveforms in LSIs.     

Application of the matrix pencil method for estimating the SEM(singularity expansion method) poles of source-free transient responsesfrom multiple look directions

The matrix pencil method has been utilized for estimating the natural resonances from different transient responses recorded along multiple look directions as a function of time after the incident field has passed the structure. The novelty of this article is that a single estimate for all the poles are done utilizing multiple transient waveforms emanating from the structure along multiple look directions. The SEM poles are independent of the angle at which the transient response is recorded. The only difference between the various waveforms are that the residues at the various poles are of different magnitudes. Some of the residues may even be zero for some of the poles indicating that the contribution from certain SEM poles may not be significant along that look direction. Here all the waveforms are utilized providing a single estimate for the poles without performing an arithmetic mean of the various waveforms     

太赫兹波传播过程中横模分布的成像

研究了焦点位置附近太赫兹波的横模分布,目的在于了解系统中太赫兹波的横向分布情况,为进行太赫兹光谱和成像实验提供依据。通过太赫兹波逐点扫描成像,对经常被用来放置测试样品位置附近的太赫兹波横模分布情况进行了定性的分析。利用“狭缝法"测量了太赫兹光束的束宽。结果表明,太赫兹波在焦点附近不同位置的横向分布有较大差异,在焦点处对应于最长波长1.5 mm的最小光斑直径约为1.0 mm,这说明太赫兹波的聚焦有一定的限度。实验确定了系统中放置样品的最佳位置,对开展太赫兹光谱和成像研究有参考价值。     

飞秒脉冲时空变换整形技术

飞秒激光脉冲通过时空变换技术将时域信息变换到空域,通过空域的处理再返回到时域,是实现飞秒激光脉冲整形、测量和控制的一项重要技术。在应用方面,可产生各种所需要的波形．已广泛应用在飞秒化学、信号处理、安全通信、生物学和医学成像等方面。介绍了飞秒时空变换脉冲整形的几种方法。     

Estimation of the cortical connectivity by high-resolution EEG and structural equation modeling: simulations and application to finger tapping data

Today, the concept of brain connectivity plays a central role in the neuroscience. While functional connectivity is defined as the temporal coherence between the activities of different brain areas, the effective connectivity is defined as the simplest brain circuit that would produce the same temporal relationship as observed experimentally between cortical sites. The most used method to estimate effective connectivity in neuroscience is the structural equation modeling (SEM), typically used on data related to the brain hemodynamic behavior. However, the use of hemodynamic measures limits the temporal resolution on which the brain process can be followed. The present research proposes the use of the SEM approach on the cortical waveforms estimated from the high-resolution EEG data, which exhibits a good spatial resolution and a higher temporal resolution than hemodynamic measures. We performed a simulation study, in which different main factors were systematically manipulated in the generation of test signals, and the errors in the estimated connectivity were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Such factors were the signal-to-noise ratio and the duration of the simulated cortical activity. Since SEM technique is based on the use of a model formulated on the basis of anatomical and physiological constraints, different experimental conditions were analyzed, in order to evaluate the effect of errors made in the a priori model formulation on its performances. The feasibility of the proposed approach has been shown in a human study using high-resolution EEG recordings related to finger tapping movements.