六方氮化硼陶瓷的烧结及其结构与性能EI北大核心CSCD

以亚微米级h-BN粉体为原料,在不添加任何烧结助剂的情况下,分别采用无压烧结、热压烧结和放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备h-BN陶瓷,采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对烧结后样品的物相组成和显微结构进行测试和观察,研究不同烧结方法对h-BN陶瓷的致密度、晶粒取向、显微形貌及力学性能的影响,对比分析了不同烧结方法下坯体初始致密度对h-BN陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明：无压烧结无法实现h-BN陶瓷烧结致密化,力学性能较差,而通过热压和放电等离子烧结的方法均能得到结构致密、力学性能较好的h-BN陶瓷。相比于传统的无压和热压烧结,放电等离子烧结方法制备的h-BN陶瓷具有更高的致密度和更好的力学性能,而且晶粒更均匀细小,烧结温度可降低200℃以上。此外,坯体初始致密度的提高能显著提高h-BN陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,但对热压和放电等离子烧结制备的h-BN陶瓷致密化的影响较小。     

六方氮化硼陶瓷的烧结及其结构与性能

以亚微米级h-BN粉体为原料,在不添加任何烧结助剂的情况下,分别采用无压烧结、热压烧结和放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备h-BN陶瓷,采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对烧结后样品的物相组成和显微结构进行测试和观察,研究不同烧结方法对h-BN陶瓷的致密度、晶粒取向、显微形貌及力学性能的影响,对比分析了不同烧结方法下坯体初始致密度对h-BN陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明:无压烧结无法实现h-BN陶瓷烧结致密化,力学性能较差,而通过热压和放电等离子烧结的方法均能得到结构致密、力学性能较好的h-BN陶瓷。相比于传统的无压和热压烧结,放电等离子烧结方法制备的h-BN陶瓷具有更高的致密度和更好的力学性能,而且晶粒更均匀细小,烧结温度可降低200℃以上。此外,坯体初始致密度的提高能显著提高h-BN陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,但对热压和放电等离子烧结制备的h-BN陶瓷致密化的影响较小。     

新型碳-钛酸钡复合陶瓷膜的制备及介电性能研究

钛酸钡基陶瓷薄膜电容器以其高能量密度成为新能源领域独立动力电源和大容量储能电源的重要研究对象。本论文介绍了采用石墨纸作为电极材料、钛酸钡陶瓷作为介电材料制备陶瓷薄膜电容器的工艺,并利用石墨纸在高温环境下的渗碳来提高钛酸钡层的介电性能的方法,并研究了脱碳处理对复合材料介电性能的影响规律。制备了具有微观结构理想、介电性能优异的碳-钛酸钡复合陶瓷膜。结果表明陶瓷的晶粒大小为1μm左右,介电常数在100Hz 10V测试条件下达到3.9×105。     

TiB2陶瓷的放电等离子烧结

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备TiB2陶瓷。分析了烧结温度、保温时间和升温速率对烧结体致密度及显微结构的影响。实验结果表明：随着烧结温度的提高，烧结体的致密度及晶粒大小均增加。延长保温时间，样品的晶粒有明显长大。提高升温速率，有利于抑制晶粒生长，但样品的致密度降低。在TiB2的烧结过程中，存在颗粒间的放电。在烧结温度为1500℃，压力为30MPa，升温速率为100℃／min，真空中由SPS烧结制备的TiB2陶瓷相对密度可达98％。     

放电等离子烧结AlN陶瓷

研究了放电等离子烧结氮化铝陶瓷的过程。通过对比掺与不掺烧结助剂的氮化铝陶瓷的两种烧结过程，指出了烧结助剂在放电等离子烧结氮化铝陶瓷过程中的作用。利用放电等离子烧结技术烧结氮化铝，在加Y2O3-Li2O-CaF2作为烧结助剂，1700℃的烧结温度，25MPa的压力下，仅保温5min，得到相对密度为97．3％的AlN陶瓷。SEM表明试样内部晶粒细小，结构均匀。实验表明：放电等离子烧结技术可实现快速烧结。     

放电等离子烧结技术制备BiFeO_3-BaTiO_3压电陶瓷

本文以Mn掺杂xBiFeO_3-(1-x)BaTiO_3准同型相界附近的组份为研究对象,采用传统固相法800℃预烧结1 h、粉碎球磨后,再在真空条件下940℃放电等离子烧结10 min得到高致密度的无铅压电陶瓷,并对其相结构和介电性能进行了测试与分析。实验结果表明,等离子放电烧结制备的Mn掺杂xBiFeO_3-(1-x)BaTiO_3陶瓷(x=0.67、0.75、0.78)具有良好的烧结特性和较好的介电性能,随着x的减少,晶体结构由菱面体结构向伪立方结构转变,介电损耗损耗逐渐增大。     

超薄硒化铋片状粉体烧结与热电性能的研究

采用水热法合成二维超薄纳米片状硒化铋，进一步利用放电等离子烧结制备出块状硒化铋陶瓷。同时，研究了烧结温度、时间和压力对陶瓷致密度的影响。以X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜对样品组成、晶体结构与组织进行了表征，分析了最佳烧结条件下获得硒化铋陶瓷的热电性能。结果表明以二维超薄片状硒化铋为原始粉体，有利于片层状晶体颗粒生长，烧结后获得各向异性微观组织结构。在温度500℃、保温1 h以及压力40 MP烧结条件下，硒化铋陶瓷微观组织呈致密二维片状结构，同时在300℃时其电导率956.538S/m，塞贝克系数最大为9.61×10^-5 V/K，功率因子达到8.83×10^-6 W/m K²。     

放电等离子（SPS）快速烧结TiB2陶瓷

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备纯TiB2陶瓷,烧结温度1600℃,压力30MPa,真空烧结,保温1—3分钟,即可获得相对密度达99％以上的致密烧结体。扫描电镜分析表明：烧结体晶粒细小,结构均匀;材料的晶粒随烧结温度的提高而长大;但烧结体的硬度分布不均匀。     

高压烧结AlN陶瓷体材料的微观结构分析

用国产六面顶压机在5．0GPa、1200℃～1700℃条件下实现了以稀土氧化物为助剂的AIN陶瓷体的高压烧结。对制备的AIN高压烧结体进行了高压热处理。用SEM对AIN高压烧结体的微观结构进行了表征。研究表明：高压制备陶瓷体材料能够有效降低烧结温度和缩短烧结时间，烧结温度最低温度达到1200℃，可比传统烧结方法降低400℃以上。在5．0GPa／1400℃／50min条件下制备的AIN高压烧结体出现穿晶断裂模式。高压热处理使得晶粒明显长大，形成了等轴晶粒组织。     

烧结温度对钛酸钡陶瓷铁电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应方法在系列烧结温度下烧结制备了钛酸钡陶瓷,并对陶瓷样品的晶体结构、微观形貌和铁电性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,钛酸钡陶瓷在1 250~1 350℃均可烧结,且无杂相。且随着烧结温度的升高,钛酸钡陶瓷样品的晶格常数和晶胞体积逐渐增大,剩余极化强度逐渐增大,矫顽场先减少而后增大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。