电煅烧式石墨化炉制备高纯石墨化焦

随着现代工业发展及技术的进步,新型炭素材料特别是高纯石墨化焦的需求和使用日益增大,而高纯石墨化焦的来源和工业化生产国内目前尚未落实,且国际市场的产能也非常有限,价格很高。基于此,我们对高纯石墨化焦的生产设备及工艺技术进行了长期的开发研究,并取得了比较理想的效果。高纯石墨化焦主要性能见表1。1高纯石墨化焦试制的方案比选高纯石墨化焦的获得是通过对原料(煅后石油焦或者低挥发分石油焦)进行高温(2300℃以上)处理而成。能够实现如此高处理温度且工业化大产能的炭素设备目前国内只有艾奇逊石墨化炉,经过耐高温改造的电煅烧式石…     

钢铁冶金用炭素材料（二）：（续10）

内热串接石墨化炉特点’3生产工艺见“内热串接石墨化”间接加热的连续生产石墨化炉图4为专供生产小型电谈制品的卧式双通，人主续生产石墨化炉示意图。这种双通道控卖生产石墨比炉有一个固定的高温区，高温区用石墨板材砌成，通道全长为7m，其中有sin长埋藏在炭黑保温料内，两端各有lin在保温料外；炭黑保温料外面为可以通水冷却的双层钢板焊成的外壳。供电设备为一台140kVA的单相交流变压器，输出电压为12V，一对导电夹持器夹在石墨双通道的固定位置上。这种连续生产石墨化炉双向逆流进料，由机械顶推装置每分种推进25mm，经过石墨通道…     

铝电解槽用无烟煤基石墨化阴极材料的初步研究

选取优质电煅无烟煤,分别配以一定比例的石油焦和沥青焦作为骨料,与煤沥青混合后按照模压成型、焙烧、高压浸渍、二次焙烧和石墨化等常规炭素制品生产工艺流程制备石墨化阴极材料试样。考察了无烟煤和3种少灰料以不同配比混合制成的试样在焙烧和石墨化过程中的尺寸变化及理化性能变化规律,并通过对4种以单一原料制备的试样的理化性能分析,探讨了原料种类对试样性能的影响。结果表明,以无烟煤为主要原料,配以一定比例的少灰料作为骨料,通过适当的炭素工艺制备的石墨化阴极材料试样,其常规理化性能可以满足大电流铝电解槽用阴极材料的要求。     

石墨化废阴极制备铝用阳极的性能研究北大核心

以煅后焦和石墨化废阴极为研究对象,分析了2种原料基本性能的差异,并以煅后焦、石墨化废阴极粉料为原料制备阳极,研究了阳极性能指标随石墨化废阴极粉料添加比例的变化规律。研究结果表明:石墨化废阴极粉料的真密度高、比表面积大、电阻率低,但二氧化碳反应性差,Fe、Ca含量高,且堆积密度低;随着石墨化废阴极粉料添加比例的增加,阳极各项指标变化明显,当石墨化废阴极粉料添加比例为5%~10%时,阳极各项指标较好,适合工业应用。     

淮北煤田天然焦基本性质评价及洁净利用途径的研究

通过对淮北天然焦的气化、燃烧及成型后气化特性的试验研究，探讨了该天然焦作为工业应用的可能途径，对中国天然焦资源的有效合理利用具有借鉴意义。     

焦类产品显微结构智能检测的应用分析

通过研究焦类产品的显微结构特性,采用计算机自动识别技术,开发出一种快速定量计算焦类产品微观结构的算法.通过试验证明,焦类产品纤维及片状结构含量与焦类产品关键特性指标热膨胀系数和石墨化度关系密切,可以作为一种快速判断焦类产品优劣的参考方法.     

串接石墨化用保温料的控制管理

串接石墨化炉用保温料对生产成本和产品质量具有重要的影响，本文通过合理地选用保温料，定期对使用中的保温料和炉底保温料进行处理，使吨电极消耗保温料150kg左右。     

艾奇逊炉石墨化后期炉内电阻的控制

通过对一理想模型的推算，比较模型与实际的结果，推算石墨化炉通电后期电阻公式。利用这一公式，可以通过调整装炉方法、产品规格等，选择合适的后期炉阻，以便最大限度地有效利用现有的石墨化炉和供电系统，充分发挥设备的最大功率和最大电流，生产出高质量的石墨化产品。     

箱式石墨化炉烟气量及变压器参数计算

石墨化炉通过高温处理将制品碳原子排列为石墨晶体结构，其较高的处理温度(一般在2 300℃以上)使得炉内制品以及辅料的含硫物质释放出来。此外，石墨化炉炉阻变化对于变压器参数选择也有着重要的影响。以近期关注较多的箱式石墨化炉为案例，对生产负极材料所产生的烟气以及石墨化炉的炉阻进行核算，为后续烟气脱硫系统及变压器参数选择提供依据。     

从发展低碳经济角度评价各向同性焦的潜在价值

通过阐述各向同性焦的质量特性,论证了利用其优越的天然特性研发生产各向同性石墨的可行性,展望通过技术创新,突破采用等静压成型技术产品规格不能大型化和成品率低的瓶颈,自主支撑我国电解铝节能减排、核石墨和半导体硅及光伏产业用各向同性石墨等低碳经济产业前景。     

Factors of large graphite crucible life

Production methods used to prepare graphite crucibles with high operating properties are considered: use as a filler of good graphitizing acicular coke, vibration molding of the original coke mix, use of production cycles for impregnation with medium temperature coal-tar pitch — firing, firing of compacted billets in metal containers, graphitization of fired billets in graphite cylinders. The last two production methods make it possible to reduce the temperature drop throughout the volume of a billet during heat treatment, and as a consequence to reduce crack development to a minimum as a result of reducing thermal stresses. All of the production methods recommended may be entirely accomplished in existing electrode plants and may be used to increase markedly the quality crucible graphite. It is possible to achieve a quality for these materials at the best world level. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 28–33, August 2008.     

利用神木不粘性块煤炼制炭质还原剂

本文介绍利用神木不粘结性块煤炼制优质铁合金专用焦，通过对块焦的筛分组成分析、工业分析和灰分分析，焦炭的反应性能、比电阻、强度、石墨化程度研究，证明该煤炼制的块焦具有比电阻高，灰分、硫、磷、铝和高温下石墨化程度低的优点。该焦可代替冶金焦冶炼铁合金。     

Development of Fe-doped carbon electrode for mass-producing high-yield single-wall carbon nanotubes

High crystallinity single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be synthesized by arc discharge evaporation of Fe-doped carbon electrode in hydrogen mixed gas, but the purity of as-grown SWNTs is strongly affected by the kinds of Fe-doped carbon electrode. Various carbon materials (artificial graphite powder, carbon black, calcined coke, etc.) have been tried to prepare Fe-doped carbon electrodes. The calcined coke, a kind of graphitizing carbon, is suitable for preparing high-quality Fe-doped carbon electrode. Moreover, the heat-treatment of Fe-doped carbon electrode in vacuum at the temperature of 1600 °C also plays an important role. At present, the best carbon electrode containing 1 at.% Fe catalyst is capable of continuously generating SWNTs at a production rate of 8 mg/min, which can be easily purified to obtain high purity SWNTs.     

灰成分对焦炭热性质影响的研究及应用

分析了焦炭灰分的组成及灰分中矿物质对焦炭热性质的影响方式。介绍了安钢通过在焦炭中添加对焦炭溶损反应起负催化作用的矿物质的实验室实验和工业试验,结果表明,添加该种类型矿物质可以改善焦炭的热反应性和反应后强度。     

Formation of thin mesophase layers at the interface between filler and binder in prebaked anodes. Effect of mixing on mesophase

Prebaked anodes used for aluminum electrolysis are prepared by mixing petroleum coke as a filler with coal-tar pitch as a binder. Pitches which contain too large amounts of mesophase spheres are not suitable for preparing high quality anodes since mesophase microstructure is destroyed by mixing. Both the well extended parallel preferred orientation and the spherical shape disappear. It is observed that disorganized mesophase forms a shell around the coke particles. Such shells reduce the wettability of the coke by the pitch. This transformation was reproduced experimentally by strong grinding. When a disorganized mesophase is heat-treated at 700°C, it recovers a local molecular orientation, the extension of which widely varies from one area to the next one. The smaller the orientation extent, the lower the graphitizability. A mixture of non graphitizing microporous carbon and of partially graphitizing macroporous carbon is thus obtained. Such porous carbons are also found in anodes after baking as shells around the filler.     

无黏结剂碳/陶复合材料的抗氧化机理

无黏剂C/C复合材料同其他C/C复合材料一样存在抗氧化性能差这一致命的弱点 ,采用防氧化表面涂层不能很好地解决涂层与基体间热膨胀差异所带来的裂纹问题 .通过采用一定比例的生石油焦、B₄C和SiC混合磨粉后 ,加入短碳纤维 ,无需添加黏结剂模压成型 ,而后烧结制得结构密实均匀的碳 /陶复合材料 .在 900～1200℃温度范围内对其抗氧化性能进行测试 ,结果表明该材料具有良好的抗氧化性能。从热力学的角度对其抗氧化机理进行了探讨 .     

针状焦集约化技术的开发

针状焦是超高功率石墨电极、超级电容器、锂离子电极等的主要原材料,其集约化技术泛指依靠科技进步,提高工艺设备的性能,以最低的物耗、能耗取得最大的经济效益.煤系针状焦的集约化技术以原料精制后获得针状焦、碳纤维、溶剂油、耐火材料黏结剂为主要产品线;石油系针状焦的集约化技术以针状焦、汽柴油、超级活性炭为主要产品线.     

不同尺寸MCMB石墨化性能的比较

采用X射线衍射方法分析了3种不同尺寸MCMB的石墨化性能。结果显示3种MCMB都具有良好的石墨化性能,但由于外形尺寸的不同,其石墨化性能具有明显的差别。     

影响炭质中间相形成和发展的因素——Ⅰ.原料和热缩聚条件

炭质中间相是制备炭材料,尤其是高附加值炭材料的优质前驱体。它在高性能炭纤维、超高功率电极用针状焦、锂离子二次电池负极、超高比表面积活性炭及催化剂载体、泡沫炭等领域得到了较好的应用。综述了原料和热缩聚条件对炭质中间相形成和发展的影响,这些影响因素包括原料的种类、热缩聚温度、反应压力和保温时间等。通过讨论指出,由于炭质中间相涉及的原料种类多样,热缩聚制备过程中涉及的反应、物相复杂,因此,在制备特定性能的产品时,应针对产品的特定性能要求来选择原料、设定热缩聚条件,以制得具有最佳结构和性能的产品。     

Effects of the time of combined vibration grinding and the compacting pressure on the density and shrinkage of graphite MPG-7 workpieces

A technique for the manufacturing of graphite MPG-7 was developed on a laboratory scale with the use of the following new raw materials: uncalcined isotropic shale tar coke and three high-temperature pitches. The caking capacity and density of the test samples of MPG-7 after molding, burning, and graphitizing were determined. It was found that the optimum concentration of a binding agent determined from the caking capacity decreased from 40 to 28% as the volatile matter content of coke increased from 4.5 to 9.5% and the softening temperature of pitch decreased from 148 to 135°C. In this case, the total shrinkages of the test samples decreased from 60 to 54%, and their densities decreased from 1.98 to 1.76 g/cm³. The optimum time of combined vibration grinding was determined, and the range of compacting pressures was chosen. The relationships between the densities of the test samples burned under laboratory and production conditions, as well as between the densities of burned and graphitized samples, were obtained. These relationships make it possible to predict the density level of MPG-7 material reached under plant conditions.