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简述了油页岩热解加入催化剂不仅可以提高页岩油产率,也能在一定程度上控制其成分。重点介绍了常用的四类催化剂:天然矿物,金属化合物,分子筛和负载类催化剂对油页岩热解的影响。研究表明,天然矿物能影响热解产物的组成,如蒙脱石可提高页岩油产率。金属氧化物、金属盐对热解均有催化作用,金属氧化物使页岩油芳烃含量增加,金属盐类促进油页岩里含有的有机质分解,加快反应速率。适当的分子筛能够使页岩油产率增加,并降低其中含硫、氮的化合物含量。在此基础上指出了制备新型催化剂的发展方向,希望能够为全世界的非常规能源的发掘使用产生参考价值,使油页岩催化热解技术进一步工业应用有据可依。 相似文献
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以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,进行低温等离子体(NTP)协同生物质真空热解-HZSM-5催化制备精制生物油的试验,采用响应面法对NTP协同生物质热解-催化制备精制生物油的工艺参数进行了分析和优化,考察了生物质质量与催化剂高度(质高比)、反应温度和体系压力对精制生物油收率的影响,三者对精制生物油的收率具有显著影响,且交互作用显著.对最优工艺条件下制备的精制生物油元素组成、高位热值(High heating value,HHV)、官能团构成和分子组分进行分析,以期为生物质能源高效转化利用提供试验基础据和理论依据. 相似文献
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《煤炭转化》2015,(4)
研究了褐煤、生物质及其不同配比混合物在快速热解条件下,热解产物半焦的产率、工业组成、热值以及表面结构等特性,探讨了其随热解温度和原料组成的变化规律.结果表明,由于受褐煤和生物质各自组成和性质的影响,褐煤与生物质混合快速热解过程,生物质配入比例和热解温度对半焦的产率、工业组成、热值及表面结构的影响较为复杂.总体趋势是,控制适宜的热解温度和适宜的生物质配入量(生物质配入比例50%),可获得高的半焦产率和半焦热值,同时降低半焦中灰分含量.生物质掺混比例为50%,热解温度为600℃时,热解产物半焦产率为52.1%,半焦热值可达23.75 MJ/kg.由于生物质的引入,混合物热解产物半焦的表面结构比褐煤单独热解时半焦的表面结构有所改善,半焦孔隙增加,有利于增加半焦的吸附性和反应性. 相似文献
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生物质热解制备高品质生物油研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物质热解制备生物油是能源富集的有效途径,是实现碳闭路循环的重要方式,作为一种环境友好型技术受到广泛关注和研究。然而,生物质热解反应过程复杂,生成的生物油热值低、含氧量高及强酸性等特点,制约了生物油的分离提纯、制备合成气以及燃烧等方面的应用,生物油品质的提升迫在眉睫。本文从生物质三组分、原料预处理、反应参数、催化剂、反应器等方面综述了影响生物油品质的主要因素,分析了生物油的特点,不同预处理下生物质特性的变化与生物油的关系,催化剂参与的热解行为对提升生物油品质的导向作用以及常用生物质热解反应器的特点,并对影响生物油品质的主要因素进行了总结。最后,针对影响制备高品质生物油的诸多因素提出建议,以期为制备高品质生物油提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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快速热解是生物质高效转化利用的重要方法之一,然而其目标产物生物油因含氧量高、组分复杂等不足而难以直接利用。通过在热解体系中引入碱土金属氧化物基催化剂,可以将热解产物中的氧元素以CO2和H2O等方式脱除,从而实现生物油品质的提升。总结了典型碱土金属氧化物基催化剂对生物质催化热解过程中发生的酮基化、羟醛缩合、开环和侧链断裂反应及机理,讨论了催化剂类型(CaO、MgO、基于碱土金属氧化物的分子筛和活性炭等)、生物质原料、温度、催化剂用量、停留时间、催化方式、催化剂失活等因素对生物油产率与品质的影响,并对生物质催化热解制备高品质生物油及其应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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生物质油改性方法研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生物质快速裂解液体产物生物油(简称生物质油),具有水含量高、氧含量高、热值低、粘度大、热不稳定和化学不稳定等特性,在一定程度上影响了其广泛应用,因此必须通过精制改善其品质.按生物质快速裂解的反应过程,将提高生物质油品质的方法归纳为三类:第一类(反应前),快速裂解反应前,原料脱水和脱碱金属处理;第二类(反应中),快速裂解反应过程中,生物质油蒸汽不经冷凝直接改质;第三类(反应后),快速裂解反应完成后,采用对收集到的生物质油催化加氢、催化裂解、催化酯化、乳化、添加溶剂或添加抗氧化剂等方法进行改质. 相似文献
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Ana Filipa Ferreira PhD Ana Paula Soares Dias PhD 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2020,95(12):3270-3279
Microalgae are seen as potential biomass to be used in a biorefinery concept. Several technologies can be used to convert microalgal biomass, but pyrolysis is viewed as a unique pathway to obtain valuable chemicals distributed in three phases: liquid (bio-oil), gas (bio-gas) and solid (bio-char). The liquid phase, bio-oil, usually presents higher heating value than raw biomass, but acidity and oxygen content are major drawbacks. In situ catalyzed pyrolysis can help to decrease the oxygen content and acidity of pyrolytic bio-oils. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor using commercial carbonate catalysts (Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, MgCO3, SrCO3 and MnCO3). The catalysis pyrolysis temperature (375 °C) was selected from thermal degradation profiles obtained using thermogravimetry under nitrogen flow and corresponds to the maximum degradation rate for both microalgae. In spite of similar volatile and fixed carbon contents, microalgae performed differentially during pyrolysis mainly due to the different contents of carbohydrates, oils and proteins. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus showed bio-oil yield in the range 26–38 and 28–50 wt%, respectively. Only sodium carbonate was able to decrease the bio-char yield, confirming that carbonate catalysts prompt simultaneously gasification and carbonization reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectra of produced bio-oils showed a net decrease of acidity, associated with carbonyl species when carbonate catalysts were used. Bio-char morphology, for both microalgae, showed evidence of melting and resolidification of cell structures, which might be due to the lower melting points of the pyrolysis products obtained from proteins and lipids. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《Fuel》2006,85(14-15):2202-2212
MCM-41, is one of the latest members of the mesoporous family of materials. They possess a hexagonal array of uniform mesopores (1.4–10 nm), high surface areas (>1000 m2/g) and moderate acidity. Due to these properties the MCM-41 materials are currently under study in a variety of processes as catalysts or catalyst supports. The objective of this study was to evaluate different types of MCM-41 materials as potential catalysts in the catalytic biomass pyrolysis process. We expected that the very high pore size and the mild acidity of these materials could be beneficial to reformulate the high molecular weight primary molecules from biomass pyrolysis producing useful chemical (and especially phenolic compounds) and lighter bio-oil with less heavy molecules. Three different samples of Al-MCM-41 materials (with different Si/Al ratio) and three metal containing mesoporous samples (Cu–Al-MCM-41, Fe–Al-MCM-41 and Zn–Al-MCM-41) have been synthesised, characterized and tested as catalysts in the biomass catalytic pyrolysis process using a fixed bed pyrolysis combined with a fixed catalytic reactor and two different types of biomass feeds. Compared to conventional (non-catalytic) pyrolysis, it was found that the presence of the MCM-41 material alters significantly the quality of the pyrolysis products. All catalysts were found to increase the amount of phenolic compounds, which are very important in the chemical (adhesives) industry. A low Si/Al ratio was found to have a positive effect on product yields and composition. Fe–Al-MCM-41 and Cu–Al-MCM-41 are the best metal-containing catalysts in terms of phenols production. The presence of the Al-MCM-41 material was also found to decrease the fraction of undesirable oxygenated compounds in the bio-oil produced, which is an indication that the bio-oil produced is more stable. 相似文献
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生物质热解所得目标产物生物油因高含氧量、组分复杂等问题难以直接应用,通过使用适宜的催化剂升级热解蒸气可实现生物油的脱氧提质。本文基于前人研究,首先总结了生物质催化热解中金属氧化物和分子筛催化剂的结构特点、催化原理与催化效果。然后详细介绍了微介孔复合型、金属氧化物/ZSM-5复合型双级催化体系的构建原理、催化模式及其对于生物质催化热解产物分布规律产生的影响,并说明了双级催化体系的可行性与实用性;同时概述了影响生物质催化热解的其他因素,包括原料特性、工艺参数、操作模式等。最后针对目前双级催化热解研究与发展中存在的问题,对进行双级催化模式的比较研究、改进催化体系以降低生产成本、发掘双级催化剂的多种使用价值等方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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催化热解目前逐渐成为生物质转化利用技术的主要研究方向,相比常规热解,催化热解可以对生物油进行有效提质并且定向产生高值化产品。本文通过对近年来新兴的催化剂进行综述,包括分子筛类催化剂(ZSM-5、HZSM-5、USY等)、炭基催化剂、金属氧化物、白云石、整体式催化剂等,了解了目前生物质热解利用中催化剂领域内的最新研究进展。文中指出,良好的催化剂是保证反应顺利进行的关键,不同催化剂定向产生的高值化产品也有所不同,因此催化剂的正确选择对于生物油的提质起着重大作用。根据目前领域内所研究内容,本文还对各类催化剂的优缺点、产物特性进行了详细比较,并针对该技术现有问题提出了部分建议并进行展望,为以后生物质热解领域催化剂的研究提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti Bayu Triwibowo Heri Istanto Muhammad Khusni Anajib Amalia Larasati Windy Oktaviani 《中国化学工程学报》2019,27(2):391-399
Utilization of biomass as a new and renewable energy source is being actively conducted by various parties. One of the technologies for utilizing or converting biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis, to convert biomass into a more valuable product which is bio-oil. Bio-oil is a condensed liquid from the vapor phase of biomass pyrolysis such as coconut shells and coffee shells. Biomass composition consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin will oxidize to phenol which is the main content in bio-oil. The total phenolic compounds contained in bio-oil are 47.03% (coconut shell) and 45% (coffee shell). The content of phenol compounds in corrosive bio-oils still quite high, the use of this bio-oil directly will cause various difficulties in the combustion system due to high viscosity, low calorific value, corrosivity, and instability. Phenol compounds have some benefits as one of the compounds for floor cleaners and disinfectants which are contained in bio-oil.The correlation between experimental data and calculations shows that the UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) equilibrium model can be used to predict the liquid–liquid equilibrium in the phenol extraction process of the coconut shell pyrolysis bio-oil. While the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) equilibrium model can be used to predict liquid–liquid equilibrium in the extraction process of phenol from bio-oil pyrolysis of coffee shells. 相似文献
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固定床反应器中生物质/废塑料共热解制备燃料油 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过热重分析不同生物质(木屑和秸秆)单独热解以及与塑料(PP和dcPVC)共热解时的热解行为,研究了生物质与塑料共热解过程中的协同作用。在固定床反应器中考察了塑料的含量对生物质/塑料共热解的影响,最后通过元素分析和GC-MS对所得生物油进行了分析。研究结果表明:生物质和塑料共热解过程中存在明显的协同作用。木屑和PP共热解过程中的协同作用最为显著,当PP含量为80%时,所得生物油的产率最高,明显高于两者单独热解得到的生物油。元素分析和GC-MS分析结果表明:木屑和PP所得生物油的含氢量较高,所得到生物油的热值与石化燃油的相近。 相似文献