高炉渣和脱硫渣对Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料的侵蚀研究

采用静态坩埚法进行抗渣(高炉渣和脱硫渣)侵蚀试验,研究了高炉渣和脱硫渣对硅溶胶结合Al2 O3-SiC-C质浇注料的侵蚀,并借助SEM、EDS、XRD等方法对静态坩埚抗渣试样进行了显微结构、元素分布和物相组成分析.结果表明,CaO、SiO2和FeO含量相对较高的脱硫渣对静态坩埚抗渣试样的侵蚀能力较强.这是因为CaO、S...     

不同碱度渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的侵蚀行为研究

浇注料的抗渣侵蚀性能与钢渣的碱度密切相关。以烧结刚玉、缺陷尖晶石微粉、活性α-Al₂O₃微粉、电熔镁砂细粉和铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)为主要原料,制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,采用静态坩埚法于1 600℃保温3 h进行抗渣试验,并用热力学模拟计算了液相量和液相组成,研究了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料对3种不同碱度渣(1.6、2.3和7.6)的抗渣侵蚀性能。结果表明：刚玉-尖晶石浇注料在高碱度渣中溶解能力有限,在熔渣-耐火材料界面极易形成尖晶石固溶体和六铝酸钙等高熔点物相,形成致密层阻挡熔渣渗透和侵蚀。而其在低碱度渣中溶解度较高,在浇注料-熔渣达到较高反应程度时,才开始形成尖晶石固溶体和六铝酸钙等高温相,无法形成有效的致密层阻止熔渣对浇注料的侵蚀和渗透。因此,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料对高碱度渣抗渣侵蚀能力较强,对低碱度渣抗渣侵蚀能力较弱。     

结合剂对Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能的影响

以电熔镁铝尖晶石(粒度为5～3mm、3～1mm)和电熔白刚玉颗粒(粒度<1mm)以及白刚玉细粉、碳化硅细粉、活性αAl2O3微粉、Si粉和球状沥青等为主要原料,在保持基料的配比不变的条件下分别采用铝酸钙水泥(w,3%) SiO2微粉(w,2%)及ρAl2O3(w,4%)为结合剂,振动成型为Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiC-C试样,室温养护24h后脱模,分别于110℃24h、1100℃3h和1500℃3h(埋炭)条件下热处理,然后测定试样的体积密度、显气孔率、线变化率、抗折强度、耐压强度和抗渣性。试验结果表明:铝酸钙水泥 SiO2微粉结合的浇注料流动性较好,经110℃24h、1100℃3h和1500℃3h(埋炭)热处理后,试样的显气孔率较小,体积密度较大,常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度优于以ρAl2O3为结合剂的;但是,采用铝酸钙水泥 SiO2微粉作结合剂的试样经1500℃埋炭3h处理后的线变化率较大,试样的高温抗折强度和抗侵蚀性能也明显低于ρAl2O3结合试样的。     

氮化硅铁对Al2O3-SiC-C系铁沟浇注料性能的影响

为了解决Al2O3-SiC-C系铁沟浇注料在高温使用过程中易氧化的问题,以棕刚玉颗粒、致密刚玉细粉、碳化硅颗粒和细粉、球状沥青、硅粉、Secar 71水泥、氮化硅铁等为原料,制备了Al2O3-SiC-C系铁沟浇注料,并研究了添加5%(w)氮化硅铁对该浇注料施工性能、物理性能、抗氧化性的影响,同时分别采用静态抗渣和回转抗渣试验对抗渣性能进行评价。结果表明:1)与不加氮化硅铁的常规铁沟浇注料相比,添加氮化硅铁的铁沟浇注料的常温强度略低,但是同样具备良好的施工性能和足够的脱模强度;2)添加氮化硅铁的铁沟浇注料具有较高的高温抗折强度和高温抗氧化性能;3)添加氮化硅铁的铁沟浇注料具有良好的静态抗渣能力,但是在强氧化环境和热态冲蚀同时作用的铁沟部位,不建议使用含氮化硅铁的Al2O3-SiC-C材料。     

低硅炼铁工艺条件下铁沟用耐火材料的改进及应用

针对高炉实施低硅炼铁工艺后因铁水黏度低、流动性强致使主铁沟部位侵蚀加快、冲刷加剧的问题,以电熔致密刚玉、电熔白刚玉粉、碳化硅、α-Al_2O_3微粉、β-Si3N4粉、炭素、纯铝酸钙水泥、Si O2微粉及高效复合减水剂等制备了铁沟浇注料,研究了15~8 mm的大颗粒电熔致密刚玉的加入量(外加质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%)和β-Si_3N_4粉的加入量(质量分数分别为2%、4%、6%)对浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:将主沟浇注料分为外加10%(w)15~8 mm的电熔致密刚玉的铁线浇注料和引入6%(w)β-Si_3N_4的渣线浇注料,并适当调整主沟坡度,在内蒙某1 080 m~3低硅炼铁的高炉铁沟上应用后表明,大大改善了主铁沟渣铁线部位侵蚀加快、冲刷加剧的问题,一次性通铁量由10万t提升至15万t。     

Al2O3-MA-SiC-C质浇注料的抗渣性能

以电熔白刚玉、镁铝尖晶石、SiC细粉、活性α-Al2O3微粉、球状沥青、Si粉、ρ-Al2O3、氧化硅微粉和铝酸钙水泥为原料制备了Al2O3-MA-SiC-C质浇注料。振动浇注成型后采用静态坩埚法测定了浇注料抗渣侵蚀性,利用X射线衍射、电子探针仪和能谱等手段分析了1500℃埋炭处理3h后试样的物相、显微结构和微区成分,以研究结合剂种类(ρ-Al2O3 氧化硅微粉和铝酸钙水泥 氧化硅微粉)、尖晶石和SiC的加入量对浇注料抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:采用ρ-Al2O3 氧化硅微粉结合的浇注料的抗渣性能明显高于采用铝酸钙水泥 氧化硅微粉结合的,这主要与其在高温下形成的物相有关;随着镁铝尖晶石加入量的增多,浇注料的抗渣性能总体上呈升高趋势;随着SiC加入量的增多,浇注料的抗渣性能显著提高,当SiC加入量(质量分数,下同)为25%时,浇注料的抗渣性能最好;加入过多的镁铝尖晶石和SiC对浇注料的抗渣性能不利,这主要同高温下材料中MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系低熔物的形成有关。     

球状沥青对Al_2O_3-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能的影响

以特级矾土、亚白刚玉等为骨料,氧化铝微粉、二氧化硅微粉、碳化硅粉、铝酸钙水泥、硅粉等为基质料,按骨料与基质料质量比为70:30配料,分别外加质量分数0、1%、2%和3%的球状沥青,加水和少量减水剂共混制成Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料,经振动成型、养护、脱模和烘干后,在1500℃空气气氛中保温3h热处理。对干燥后和热处理后试样进行了常温物理性能、高温抗折强度和抗渣性能检测。结果表明:随着球状沥青加入量的增加,碳氧化导致试样结构疏松,高温抗折强度逐渐减小;适量球状沥青在热处理过程中软化后渗入试样孔隙中,可以提高试样的抗渣侵蚀性能;加入球状沥青的质量分数为1%时,浇注料的综合性能最好。     

电熔锆刚玉对Al_2O_3-SiO_2系浇注料抗铅渣侵蚀性的影响

以特级高铝矾土(粒度为8～5、5～3、3～1和≤1 mm)为骨料,电熔棕刚玉粉(≤0.044 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(≤5 μm)和SiO2微粉(≤1μm)为细粉,铝酸钙水泥(Secar 71)为结合剂制备了卡尔多炉直升烟道用Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料.用电熔锆刚玉粉(≤0.044 mm)部分替代棕刚玉粉,采用静态坩埚法(1 300℃5 h,空气气氛)研究了添加物电熔锆刚玉的加入量(质量分数分别为4%、8%、12%、16%)对Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料抗铅渣性的影响,对抗渣前后试样的显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:加入锆刚玉后,浇注料的抗铅渣性能得到明显改善,其适宜加入量为8%;显微结构分析表明,铅渣对Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料的侵蚀主要表现为铅渣中的PbO与Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料中的SiO2、CaO反应,生成硅酸铅或铅酸钙等低熔物而导致浇注料的损毁;而浇注料的添加物锆刚玉中的ZrO2未与PbO反应,从而使浇注料表现出良好的抗铅渣侵蚀性.     

SiO2微粉加入量对Al2O3-SiC-C出铁沟浇注料性能的影响

采用高铝矾土(8～5 mm)、棕刚玉(8～5、5～3、3～1 mm)、SiC(≤1、≤0.044 mm)、致密刚玉(≤1、≤0.044 mm)为主要原料,固定SiO2微粉和白泥的总加入量(w)为2.5%,研究了SiO2微粉加入量(其质量分数0、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%)对Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:试样在1 100、1 500℃分别保温3 h处理后,随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加即白泥加入量的降低,其加热永久线变化逐渐减少,显气孔率呈现先增大后降低的趋势,体积密度的变化趋势与显气孔率的正好相反,常温抗折强度及高温(1 450℃0.5 h)抗折强度呈现先增大后降低的趋势;当SiO2微粉加入量(w)为1.5%时,试样热震后的残余强度最大,SiO2微粉加入量(w)为2%的试样的强度保持率最低;在SiO2微粉加入量(w)为2%时,材料的抗渣侵蚀性能最好,继续增大SiO2微粉含量,抗渣侵蚀性能下降。综合各方面的因素,SiO2微粉和白泥复合使用时,SiO2微粉加入量(w)为2%左右,白泥加入量(w)为0.5%左右时,Al2O3-SiC-C快干浇注料具有最佳的综合性能。根据试验结果制备的快干浇注料在莱钢750 m3单铁口高炉铁沟使用,在未经任何修补的情况,主沟一次通铁量达到14万t。     

用FactSage分析结合系统对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料抗渣性能的影响

为研究结合系统对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料抗渣性能的影响,首先通过FactSage热力学分析软件计算了Fe_2O_3对刚玉-尖晶石低水泥浇注料和刚玉-尖晶石无水泥浇注料两种系统的侵蚀,然后对两种系统进行了坩埚抗渣试验。FactSage计算结果表明:无CaO的ρ-Al_2O_3结合刚玉-尖晶石无水泥浇注料抗Fe_2O_3侵蚀能力明显优于含CaO的刚玉-尖晶石低水泥浇注料。坩埚抗渣试验也证实了这一结论。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.