马铃薯淀粉对鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响

将马铃薯淀粉(1%,2%,3%和4%)添加到鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白溶液中,并诱导形成凝胶,通过测定不同温度条件下肌原纤维蛋白的浊度、乳化性、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、凝胶的硬度、弹性、白度值、保水性等指标,研究马铃薯对肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响。随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增加浊度变化差异性显著(p0.05)。在马铃薯淀粉添加量为2%时肌纤维蛋白的乳化活性达到最大值为25.66 m2/g,当马铃薯淀粉添加量为1%时,肌原纤维蛋白的乳化稳定性达到最大值90.67%,并与其它处理组有显著性差异(p0.05);不同添加量的马铃薯淀粉的蛋白溶液样品中的电泳条带有不同的变化,在马铃薯淀粉添加量为3%,4%时各条带颜色都有所减弱;肌原纤维蛋白溶液的凝胶硬度、弹性和保水性逐渐增加(p0.05),凝胶的白度值随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增加逐渐降低。     

改性马铃薯淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

利用原料马铃薯淀粉(native potato starch,NPS)和几种改性马铃薯淀粉(0.2%氧化剂处理淀粉(oxidized potato starch,OPS)、2.0%OPS、湿热改性处理淀粉(heat moisture treated potato starch,HMTPS)和压热改性处理淀粉(heat pressure treated potato starch,HPTPS))与肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)制备复合凝胶(NPS-MP、0.2%OPS-MP、2.0%OPS-MP、HMTPS-MP和HPTPS-MP),并对复合凝胶特性进行研究。流变学特性和低场核磁测定结果显示,0.2%OPS-MP表现出了相对最高的贮能模量(G’)和相对最稳定的凝胶内水分分布状态,之后依次为NPS-MP、HMTPS-MP、2.0%OPS-MP和HPTPS-MP。与NPS-MP相比,0.2%OPS-MP在5种复合凝胶中的凝胶强度和持水性均最高(P<0.05),2.0%OPS-MP和HPTPS-MP的凝胶强度和持水性相对较差。凝胶内部作用力测定结果显示,复...     

改性马铃薯淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白乳化特性的影响

利用马铃薯淀粉(native potato starch,NPS)和几种改性马铃薯淀粉[0. 2%氧化剂处理马铃薯淀粉(0. 2%OTPS),2. 0%氧化剂处理马铃薯淀粉(2. 0%OTPS),湿热处理马铃薯淀粉(HMTPS),压热处理马铃薯淀粉(HPTPS)]分别与肌原纤维蛋白(MP)制备复合乳化液(NPS-MP,0. 2%OTPS-MP,2. 0%OTPS-MP,HMTPS-MP和HPTPS-MP),并测定乳化特性。采用激光粒度电位仪测定乳化液油滴的电势、粒径和粒度分布。相比于NPSMP,0. 2%OTPS-MP和2. 0%OTPS-MP的电势和粒径显著降低,且0. 2%OTPS-MP表现出了显著增高的乳化活性和乳化稳定性。微观结构显示,0. 2%OTPS-MP粒径分布的均匀程度相对最好,其次为NPS-MP和HMTPSMP,而2. 0%OTPS-MP和HPTPS-MP的粒径分布均匀度相对较差。试验对改性马铃薯淀粉与肌原纤维蛋白的相互作用机理进行了讨论,为改性马铃薯淀粉更好地应用于肉制品提供了研究思路和研究基础。     

食用胶对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响

将不同添加量的卡拉胶、亚麻籽胶、黄原胶和魔芋胶添加到猪肉肌原纤维蛋白溶液中,通过测定肌原纤维蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶质构特性、保水性和凝胶白度,研究食用胶对肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响。结果表明:与未添加食用胶的对照组相比,四种食用胶均可显著提高肌原纤维蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶硬度和弹性以及保水性(p<0.05),且添加量越高,增加的幅度越大;但添加食用胶后,肌原纤维蛋白的凝胶白度略有下降。因此,卡拉胶、亚麻籽胶、黄原胶和魔芋胶对肌原纤维蛋白的功能特性具有显著的影响。      

变性淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

分别将0%、4%、6%、8%、10%和12%的玉米原淀粉、玉米乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、木薯乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯淀粉(acetylated distarch adipate,ADA)、木薯醋酸酯变性淀粉(starch acetate,SA)添加到肌原纤维蛋白溶液中,制备淀粉-蛋白复合物并测定流变特性、凝胶强度、保水性和水分子弛豫时间等指标。结果表明:添加淀粉可显著提高肌原纤维蛋白的储能模量G′,G′在42℃左右开始增加,此时肌原纤维蛋白开始变性形成凝胶,添加变性淀粉可显著延迟肌原纤维蛋白的变性温度(43~46℃)。变性淀粉添加量为8%时淀粉-蛋白复合物凝胶强度均达到最大,而原淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白的凝胶强度影响不显著(P>0.05)。添加变性淀粉的复合凝胶保水性比原淀粉保水性高约13%(P<0.05),SA-蛋白复合物与ADA-蛋白复合物保水性最高。核磁共振分析表明T2弛豫时间随变性淀粉添加量增大而减小,T22向快弛豫方向移动,说明变性淀粉的添加降低了水分子的移动性。因此,ADA-蛋白复合物对肌原纤维蛋白的流变性、凝胶强度、保水性和水分迁移影响最显著,添加10%以内变性淀粉可显著提高肌原纤维蛋白的G′和保水性,同时增大凝胶强度,降低水分迁移速率。     

魔芋粉对鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

从鲤鱼背部肌肉中提取肌原纤维蛋白,分别添加0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20g/100mL的魔芋粉,研究其在不同加热温度(70、80、90℃)和不同NaCl浓度(0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20mol/L)条件下对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶的硬度、弹性、白度和保水性的影响。结果表明：相同魔芋粉添加量条件下,加热温度80℃时形成的肌原纤维蛋白凝胶的硬度和弹性显著高于70℃和90℃(P＜0.05);90℃时凝胶白度高于70℃和80℃;90℃时保水性显著高于70℃时的保水性(P＜0.05),与80℃的凝胶保水性差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在此条件下,随着NaCl浓度增加,凝胶的硬度和弹性增大;肌原纤维蛋白凝胶的保水性显著提高。同一温度条件下,添加0.10g/100mL魔芋粉的蛋白凝胶硬度达到最大值,且80℃时硬度最大为129g,凝胶的白度随着魔芋粉质量浓度增加呈现下降趋势,保水性随着魔芋粉质量浓度的增加而增大;添加NaCl可以显著提高凝胶的白度。     

不同蜡制玉米淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

将蜡制玉米淀粉、酯化蜡制玉米淀粉和交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉以添加量分别为0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%添加到肌原纤维蛋白中,形成蛋白淀粉复合物,研究3?种淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶保水性、质构特性、白度值、表面疏水性、流变特性和微观结构的影响。结果表明,相比纯肌原纤维蛋白,淀粉均能显著提高复合凝胶的保水性、硬度和弹性（P＜0.05）,且随添加量的增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）,但在添加量为10%时,各指标上升不显著（P＞0.05）,其中交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉效果最好;3?种淀粉均能增加复合凝胶的白度值,但交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉的添加会使复合凝胶的白度值过大（P＜0.05）,对色泽不利;同时,淀粉能显著提高复合蛋白的表面疏水性和凝胶的弹性模量（P＜0.05）,且随着添加量的增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）,与肌原纤维蛋白凝胶相比,复合凝胶结构趋于致密均匀。在实验的3?种淀粉中,除色泽因素外,交联酯化蜡制玉米淀粉提高凝胶性能的效果要优于其他两种淀粉。?     

冻藏对肌原纤维蛋白结构特性与功能特性的影响

冷冻贮藏是肉类食品重要的贮藏方法,但在冻藏会引起肉类食品中的主要蛋白一肌原纤维蛋结构发生变化,引起蛋白质发生变性,从而影响其功能特性,降低肉类制品的品质。论述了肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性机理,并对冷冻贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白结构与功能特性的变化进行论述。     

复配食用胶对肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响

将卡拉胶、亚麻籽胶、黄原胶和魔芋胶两两复配,复配比例为0∶10,2∶8,3∶7,4∶6,5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,10∶0,然后将复配胶按添加量0.25%(质量比)添加到猪肉肌原纤维蛋白中,以未添加食用胶的肌原纤维蛋白作为对照,通过测定蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶质构特性和保水性,研究复配食用胶对肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响。试验结果表明:魔芋胶、卡拉胶和黄原胶两两复配具有协同增效作用,与对照组和添加单一食用胶的处理组相比,肌原纤维蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶硬度、弹性和保水性均显著提高(P0.05),魔芋胶与卡拉胶、魔芋胶与黄原胶以及卡拉胶与黄原胶的最佳复配比例分别为4∶6,3∶7和7∶3;而亚麻籽胶分别与魔芋胶、卡拉胶和黄原胶复配后,肌原纤维蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶硬度、弹性和保水性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),与添加单一食用胶的处理组相比未得到改善,说明亚麻籽胶与这3种食用胶之间无协同增效作用。     

疏水改性木薯淀粉的制备及其对肌原纤维蛋白乳化特性的影响

为了提高木薯淀粉的疏水性,使其作为颗粒乳化剂改善肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)的乳化特性,实验利用辛烯基琥珀酸酐(octenyl succinate anhydride,OSA)对原料木薯淀粉(native tapioca starch,NTS)进行疏水改性处理,得到不同改性水平和取代度(DS值)的疏水改性木薯淀粉(octenyl succinate tapioca starch,OSTS),并利用OSTS与MP制备复合乳化液。通过XRD、FT-IR、SEM和PLM分析了OSTS的结构变化,并测定了乳化液的乳液指数(EI值)、乳化活性(emulsifying activity index,EAI)、乳化稳定性(emulsion stability index,ESI)、Zeta-电位、粒径分布、巯基含量和界面蛋白含量。结果显示,在木薯淀粉分子中成功引入了疏水基团,疏水改性处理对木薯淀粉颗粒的晶体结构基本无影响;随淀粉改性水平和DS值的增加OSTS-MP复合乳化液的EAI和ESI呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),3.0%OSTS-MP复合乳化液稳定性最...     

Changes in functional properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) myofibrillar protein as affected by ultrasound-assisted freezing

Ultrasound-assisted freezing (UF) has proven to be a method that can effectively increase the freezing rate of frozen food and improve its quality. The functional properties of myofibrillar proteins (MP) are important factors that affect the further processing quality of meat products. At present, the effect of UF on the functional properties of frozen MP is not yet clear. Therefore, in the present study, changes in the functional properties (emulsifying and gel properties) of MP in common carps (Cyprinus carpio) frozen with UF at different power levels were investigated. The results revealed that, compared with immersion freezing (IF), UF at 175 W (UF-175) effectively inhibited the decrease in protein solubility, absolute Zeta potential, emulsion activity index, storage modulus (G'), and loss modulus (G'') caused by freezing. UF-175 sample had lower protein turbidity, and smaller protein particle size than any other frozen samples (P < 0.05), which suggested that UF-175 inhibited protein aggregation induced by freezing. In addition, shorter T₂₁ and T₂₂ relaxation times were obtained in UF-175 sample than other frozen samples, indicating that UF-175 reduced the mobility of immobilized and free water. Accordingly, UF-175 sample had higher gel strength and water holding capacity than other frozen samples (P < 0.05). A denser and more uniform gel network structure was also found in UF-175 sample than other frozen samples. In general, improved functional properties of common carp MP can be achieved by optimal UF.     

白酒对秋刀鱼肌原纤维蛋白结构和功能性质的影响

以秋刀鱼为原料,研究白酒添加量对秋刀鱼肌原纤维蛋白(Myofibrillar protein,MP)溶解度、乳化性、浊度、表面疏水性、凝胶特性和巯基含量的影响。结果表明:随着白酒添加量的增加,MP溶解度、乳化性、凝胶硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、内聚性及保水性呈先上升后下降的趋势,凝胶白度值无明显变化;浊度、表面疏水性、巯基含量呈先下降后上升的趋势。整体来看,白酒处理对秋刀鱼肌原纤维蛋白的功能特性影响较大,且在白酒添加量为5%~7%时对凝胶特性的改善效果较好。通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究发现,白酒能够促进蛋白质的溶解,并使溶出的蛋白质通过聚合作用形成大分子物质。     

Modification of myofibrillar protein functional properties prepared by various strategies: A comprehensive review

Today, both consumers and food industry producers have exhibited an ever-growing interest in improving and broadening the functional performance of proteins in food industry. Myofibrillar protein (MP) is mainly responsible for texture, yield and organoleptic characteristics of final meat products. To increase functional properties of MP, technological and nutritional improvement of MP is needed to modify its structure and functionalities. Considerable approaches, including additives, oxidation treatments, and novel food processing technologies, have been utilized to modify its functional properties to manufacture acceptable meat products with lower cost and more desirable nutritional characteristics. However, a comprehensive summary of structural and functional changes of MP in response to different modification strategies is still lacking. Hence, in this review paper, our main goal is first to provide an overview of the functional characteristics of MP. Then, this review will mainly discuss the current knowledge on the functional changes of MP caused by various modification methods and will present some examples of previous works and recent progress. Finally, future outlooks are presented to tailor the manufacture of functionality enhanced and value-added muscle-based products and enable modified MP can be applied as a novel meat ingredient in food industry.     

红曲红添加量对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白功能性质和结构的影响

探究红曲红添加量对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)功能特性的影响,为低硝肉制品的开发提供理论依据。以红曲红添加量(质量分数)0、0. 1%、0. 15%、0. 2%、0. 25%处理猪背最长肌,考察猪肉MP功能指标和分子结构的变化。结果表明,随着红曲红添加量增加,MP的溶解性、乳化性、巯基含量、储能模量均先升高后降低,羰基含量和表面疏水性则先下降后上升,红外光谱分析表明,α-螺旋含量随着红曲红添加量的增加先增大后减小,β-折叠、β-转角以及无规则卷曲含量则呈先减小后增大。因此,降低亚硝酸钠使用量会严重影响MP的功能性质,红曲红添加量过低或过高MP的功能特性均不佳,红曲红添加量为0. 15%时,能显著改善低硝条件下MP的功能性质(P<0. 05)。     

Changes in physicochemical properties and myofibrillar protein properties in grass carp salted by brining and injection

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in physicochemical properties and myofibrillar protein properties of grass carp meat during brining and brine injection at 4 °C. The time reached equilibrium was 7 h in brining group and 5 h by injection, where the salt content was about 1.76%. The water content, water holding capacity and yield in injection group (86.59%, 9.18% and 110%, respectively) were higher than brining group (84.76%, 11.47%, and 108%, respectively) at equilibrium point significantly (P < 0.05). This was attributed to the more swollen filament lattices and disordered protein structure in injection group (P < 0.05). The myofibrillar protein structure was compared, including sulphydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, solubility, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern and secondary structure. The injection group presented the better quality of salted fish meat in shorter time.     

Effect of cold atmospheric plasma on the physicochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar protein from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the physicochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar protein isolated from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) muscle. Free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, turbidity, differential scanning calorimetry, SDS-PAGE, heat-induced myofibrillar protein gel properties and water holding capacity were determined to evaluate the effect of CAP treatment on protein properties. CAP treatment from 10 to 60 kV for 10 min significantly (P < 0.05) increased the water holding capacity, textural properties and colour properties of heat-induced myofibrillar protein gel. As treatment voltage increased, free sulfhydryl content decreased significantly, while the turbidity and surface hydrophobicity of myofibrillar protein were increased. DSC data showed enhancement of thermal stability of the treated samples; however, the electrophoretic profile displayed a significant reduction in the band's intensity of protein at a higher voltage. These results suggest that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment could be used as an alternative approach to enhance the gelling properties of myofibrillar protein from Alaska pollock.     

Effects of Agaricus bisporus on gel properties of chicken myofibrillar protein

The gel-forming ability of myofibrillar protein (MP) is highly correlated with the characteristics of emulsified meat products. Incorporation of Agaricus bisporus (Ab) powder into MP gels may enhance its gel properties to facilitate the development of a novel and safe meat product. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Ab powder on gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC), texture, rheological behaviour, LF-NMR spin–spin relaxation (T₂), microstructure and protein secondary structure of the MP gel system. The results indicated that the gel strength, WHC, G' value and G" value were significantly improved when the addition of Ab powder increased from 0% to 6% (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the T₂ relaxation time was shortened, and free water was transformed into immobilised water. The texture of the gel was improved when 1%–4% Ab powder was added compared to the control. Furthermore, Ab filled in the gel network and promoted the unfolding of MP α-helix and the formation of MP β-sheet during the thermal denaturation of MP, leading to a dense aggregated network structure. The study suggested that Ab could be a promising ingredient in improving chicken MP's gel properties and developing fat-reduced meat products.     

Correlation between the compositional and pasting properties of various potato starches

Multiple linear regression equations were used to develop the correlation between the compositional and rapid visco-analysis (RVA) pasting properties of various potato starches. The amylose of potato starches had a negative correlation with the peak viscosity (PV) and breakdown (BD) and a positive correlation with the setback viscosity (SV) and peak viscosity temperature (PVT). By contrast, phosphorus had a positive correlation with PV, BD, and SV and a negative correlation with PVT. In addition, the median granule size had a positive correlation with PV and BD. By contrast, a negative correlation of the median granule size was observed with SV and PVT. The correlation coefficients of amylose–phosphorus, amylose–granule size, and phosphorus–granule size interactions indicated that amylose had more influence than had phosphorus or had the median granule size on PV and BD. Furthermore, amylose had a greater influence than had the granule size on SV and PVT. Similarly, amylose had more influence than had phosphorus or had the median granule size on PVT. However, the correlation developed in this study was useful for predicting the influence of a specific component and the compositional interaction on the RVA pasting properties.     

超声波处理对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白理化及乳化特性的影响

采用超声波技术对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar proteins,MP)进行改性处理,研究超声功率(0,80,140,180,200W)对肌原纤维蛋白理化与乳化特性的影响。结果表明,与未经超声处理的肌原纤维蛋白比较,随着超声功率的增加,MP体积等效平均粒径(d4,3)降低,而溶解度、电位绝对值、乳化活性及乳化稳定性均显著升高。超声功率达到180W时,该处理的肌原纤维蛋白制备的乳化液表现出较高的乳化活性和乳化稳定性,乳化稳定性的提高与增加的电位和降低的平均粒径有关,光学显微镜观察发现该乳化液表现出相对较低的油滴大小。相关性分析结果表明,超声功率与d4,3极显著负相关(P≤0.01),与溶解度、电位、乳化活性及乳化稳定性显著正相关(P≤0.05)。