鲫鱼生鱼片不同温度贮藏特性研究

以活鲫鱼为试材,研究了0、4、-3、-18℃条件下生鱼片的品质变化。实验结果表明,不同温度冷藏处理均有一定的效应。其中-18℃温度最好,贮藏初期,鲫鱼生鱼片的TBA是0.715 mg/100 g,贮藏20 d,鲫鱼生鱼片的TBA、持水力、p H值、菌落总数分别为3.162 mg/100 g、0.6785、6.67、5.5 lg(cfu/g),弹性为0.627,回复性为0.3524。4℃的贮藏效果较差,贮藏10 d,鲫鱼生鱼片的TBA、持水力、p H值、菌落总数分别为5.515 mg/100 g、0.6465、5.215、7.5 lg(cfu/g),弹性和回复性下降很快。0℃和-3℃无显著差异。通过研究不同温度下,鲫鱼生鱼片各种品质的变化,可以突破鲫鱼生鱼片在贮藏过程中的难题,确定鲫鱼生鱼片的货架期,开发鲫鱼生鱼片保鲜新方法。     

不同温度贮藏对黄鳍鲷鱼肉鲜度与品质的影响

以黄鳍鲷（Acanthopagrus latus）为研究材料,通过测定鱼肉菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值、硫代巴比妥酸（2-thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值和剪切力等指标,结合感官评定,设立4℃冷藏为对照组,研究0℃和微冻（-4℃）贮藏对黄鳍鲷鱼肉鲜度和品质的影响。结果表明：在贮藏期间,各贮藏组黄鳍鲷鱼肉的菌落总数、TVB-N和TBA值均呈现上升趋势,鱼肉pH值呈先稍下降后再上升的趋势,而鱼肉剪切力和感官评分均呈逐渐下降趋势。0℃和微冻两贮藏组黄鳍鲷鱼肉各项指标的变化速率均小于4℃冷藏对照组,0℃和微冻保鲜效果明显优于4℃冷藏保鲜;0℃和微冻贮藏组,黄鳍鲷贮藏7 d后鱼肉菌落总数分别为6.88 lg（CFU/g）和5.72 lg（CFU/g）,TVB-N值分别为20.54 mg/100 g和11.40 mg/100 g,TBA值分别为0.88 mg/100 g和0.38 mg/100 g,剪切力分别为4.96 N和5.51 N,说明微冻贮藏能更好地抑制鱼肉微生物繁殖,有效地减缓鱼肉蛋白质分解和脂肪氧化,较好地保持鱼肉嫩度和品质;相比于4℃冷藏,0℃和微冻下贮藏的黄鳍鲷鱼肉货架期至少可延长2 d和8 d。     

不同贮藏温度下鲫鱼鱼片品质变化研究

为探究不同贮藏温度下鲫鱼鱼片保鲜效果,试验设置0℃(冰藏)、4℃(冷藏)、-3℃(微冻)和-18℃(冻藏)4组试验,以质构分析、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、高铁肌红蛋白、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、微生物等指标变化为依据测定不同贮藏温度条件下鲫鱼鱼片的品质变化。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,不同贮藏温度条件下鲫鱼鱼片的质构特性、高铁肌红蛋白、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数均出现不同程度的上升,温度越高,上升速度越快。其中,4℃(冷藏)下的鲫鱼鱼肉的贮藏货架期为9 d,0℃(冰藏)下的鲫鱼鱼肉的货架期为15 d,-3℃(微冻)和-18℃(冻藏)下鲫鱼鱼肉的货架期较长。综合各项理化指标可知鲫鱼鱼片在微冻和冰温、冻藏条件下保鲜效果明显优于冷藏。     

低盐虾酱在不同温度下贮藏的品质变化与货架期

对低盐虾酱在20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃下贮藏的品质变化与货架期进行了研究。通过检测贮藏期间菌落总数、副溶血性弧菌、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)的变化,并结合感官品质的变化,初步推测了在不同温度下贮藏产品的货架期,并对货架期终点的指标值进行了分析。结果表明:在20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃贮藏过程中,低盐虾酱货架期分别为100d、100d、80d、60d。各温度货架期终点时的菌落总数分别为3.8×104cfu/g、3.9×104cfu/g、4.1×104cfu/g、4.2×104cfu/g,TVB-N值分别为134.6mg/100g,146.8mg/100g,148.7mg/100g,153.6mg/100g,未检出副溶血性弧菌。在4种温度贮藏条件下,感官品质的变化主要是由微生物和化学变化导致的,其变化与菌落总数、TVB-N的变化趋势基本一致。     

恒定和分段低温贮藏对脆皮肠和方片火腿品质的影响

为研究贮藏温度对脆皮肠和方片火腿品质的影响,测定其在2 ℃和8 ℃恒定温度、2/8 ℃（前15 d 2 ℃, 后15 d 8 ℃）和8/2 ℃（前15 d 8 ℃,后15 d 2 ℃）分段低温贮藏条件下放置30 d的理化及微生物指标变化。结果 表明：脆皮肠和方片火腿的指标变化趋势大体相同,贮藏温度越高,硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA） 值和挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量越大,pH值越小;2 ℃恒温贮藏可以有效减少菌落 总数,TVB-N含量、TBA值、pH值、质构变化缓慢,贮藏结束时,脆皮肠和方片火腿的菌落总数分别为3.24、 2.94 （lg（CFU/g））,TVB-N含量分别为57.64、66.53 mg/100 g,TBA值分别为0.15、0.14 mg/kg,pH值分别为 5.98和5.91。8 ℃最不利于贮藏,分段贮藏组中2/8 ℃条件下贮藏样品的品质较好,恒定低温2 ℃或者前期低温贮藏 更有利于保持产品品质稳定,延长肉制品货架期。     

低温贮藏过程中水牛肉品质变化研究

为探究低温贮藏过程中水牛肉品质变化规律,选取新鲜水牛肉为原料,采用4、-18、-60℃三个温度梯度贮藏肉样,测定不同贮藏期水牛肉的色泽、滴水损失、pH、双烯值、蒸煮损失、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、菌落总数和大肠菌群数的变化。结果发现,随着贮藏温度的升高,水牛肉的蒸煮损失、b*值、双烯值、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数和大肠菌群数显著增加(P<0.05),但水牛肉的a*值、L*值显著降低(P<0.05);随着贮藏时间的延长,水牛肉的滴水损失、蒸煮损失、双烯值、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数和大肠菌群数显著增大(P<0.05);这表明水牛肉品质劣变程度进一步加剧。三个贮藏温度条件下,4℃冷藏的水牛肉双烯值、TVB-N值、菌落总数比-18、-60℃冻藏的水牛肉增长速度快,其中贮藏第10 d的TVB-N值和菌落总数分别为20.08 mg/100 g和6.7lg (CFU/g),显著高于-18、-60℃冻藏水牛肉(P<0.05),且-18、-60℃冻藏水牛肉均在卫生标准(GB 2707-2016)范围内。综上,贮藏时间的延长与温度的升高均会导致水牛肉品质下降。4℃冷藏适合水牛肉的短期保藏,货架期为8 d;但-18、-60℃冻藏适合水牛肉的长期保藏,其中60℃冻藏更有利于水牛肉品质的稳定和卫生安全,同时有效延长水牛肉的货架期。     

透明质酸涂膜对鲫鱼微冻贮藏保鲜效果的影响

将鲫鱼肉表面涂抹不同浓度的透明质酸(HA)后在-3℃的微冻环境中进行贮藏,并分析其挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、pH值、电导率、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、持水力、色差和质构的变化规律。结果表明,HA结合微冻贮藏能延缓鲫鱼肉品质下降的速度,经0.9%HA处理后鲫鱼肉的保鲜效果较好,TVB-N、TBA、电导率与未经HA处理鱼肉样品相比增幅较小(P0.05),持水力降幅较小(P0.05);贮藏24d时,TVB-N为9.64mg/100g,TBA为0.15mg/kg,电导率为847μS/cm,色泽和质构变化较小。     

大菱鲆微冻贮藏过程中的品质变化规律

以微生物、理化和感官为指标,对大菱鲆在-2℃微冻贮藏过程中的品质变化进行了研究。试验结果表明,大菱鲆在-2℃贮藏时其货架期可达到20 d。货架期终点时菌落总数为5.99 ln(CFU/g),pH值为6.88,TVB-N值为37.08 mg N/100 g,TBA值为1.81 mg MDA/kg。硬度、弹性和色差b*值与贮藏时间呈显著负相关。电子鼻LA分析结果与贮藏期鱼肉品质变化相吻合。     

白鲢鱼片在冷藏和微冻条件下的鲜度和品质变化

以白鲢鱼为实验对象,通过测定菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值、pH值、K值、三甲胺（trimethylamine,TMA）值、2-硫代巴比妥酸（2-thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值等鲜度指标,结合感官评价,以期探究冷藏以及微冻条件下鲢鱼片的品质变化规律。结果表明,在4 ℃冷藏和－2 ℃微冻条件下贮藏的鲢鱼片TVB-N值、TMA值、菌落总数值均随贮藏时间的延长而呈增长趋势;pH值先降低后增高;感官分数值呈降低趋势。综合各项指标变化,4 ℃冷藏条件下鲢鱼片的货架期为6 d,－2 ℃微冻条件下货架期为18 d,与冷藏相比,微冻能明显延长白鲢鱼片的货架期。     

微冻和冷藏对牙鲆贮藏品质的影响

以感官、理化和微生物为指标,研究了微冻(-2℃)和冷藏(4℃)对牙鲆品质变化及货架期的影响。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,牙鲆鱼的感官品质显著下降(p0.01),菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值和K值均呈显著上升趋势(p0.01),且微冻贮藏时各指标的变化速率都低于冷藏;质构特性中的硬度、弹性、咀嚼度和粘聚性随贮藏时间的延长而显著下降(p0.05),p H与贮藏时间及其他理化指标(TBA除外)相关性不显著。综合感官评分、TVB-N值及菌落总数等指标得出牙鲆在4℃和-2℃贮藏条件下的货架期分别为9 d和12 d。与冷藏相比,微冻能更有效地抑制微生物的生长,延长其货架期。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the