乳酸菌拮抗食源性致病菌研究进展

食品中致病菌是引起人类食源性疾病等食品安全问题主要因素之一。乳酸菌通过生态位竞争、形成酸性环境和产生各种代谢产物对食品中致病菌具有较强的拮抗作用。本文对乳酸菌生物保护剂的拮抗机制、作用的特点和优势,乳酸菌对各类食源性致病菌的拮抗作用研究以及在乳制品、肉制品、海产品和果蔬制品中的应用进行综述,为充分挖掘乳酸菌资源,利用乳酸菌生物保护剂控制食品中致病菌提供借鉴与参考。     

乳酸菌产生的拮抗物质:一类延长食品货架期的生物防腐剂

对乳酸菌产生的非蛋白类拮抗物质和蛋白类拮抗物质及其作用机制进行了论述。其中非蛋白类拮抗物质主要包括有机酸、双乙酰(丁二桐)、过氧化氢、罗伊氏素(returein)，蛋白类拮抗物质主要是细菌素，包括羊毛硫细菌素(Lantibiotis)、小分子热稳定肽(SHSP)、以及大分子热不稳定肽(LHLP)。     

乳酸菌作为海产品生物保鲜剂的研究与应用

乳酸菌作为传统发酵食品的微生物类群栖息在各种自然环境中,在海洋动物及加工海产品中也存在相当数量的各种乳酸菌。由于乳酸菌具有良好的生物拮抗活性,作为生物保鲜剂已被广泛应用于生鲜及加工食品领域。该文对海产品中的乳酸菌资源,乳酸菌作为海产品生物防腐剂的条件和优势,以及控制海产品中微生物的作用效果进行了综述,为进一步挖掘乳酸菌资源、研发针对性生物保鲜制剂在海产品保鲜中的应用提供参考。     

乳酸菌对果蔬中霉菌拮抗作用的研究

应用保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)和嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)4种乳酸菌对从梨、黄瓜、葡萄等果蔬中分离的6种霉菌进行拮抗作用研究.短横线软琼脂拮抗孢子法结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌对6种霉菌生长平均抑制率分别为67.59％、69.37％和70.18％.菌饼法研究表明,保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌对根霉A和D以及曲霉E都具有较强的拮抗作用,其中嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对霉菌D的抑制率分别为63.16％和57.17％,保加利亚乳杆菌对霉菌E抑制率为72.20％.保加利亚乳杆菌对霉菌E拮抗作用最强,嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对霉菌D的生长也具有较强的抑制作用,且在7d内拮抗作用稳定,乳酸乳球菌对所有霉菌没有拮抗作用.     

乳酸菌生物学特性与其拮抗空肠弯曲杆菌在小鼠肠道定植能力的分析

采用3周龄C57BL/6小鼠建立了空肠弯曲杆菌感染模型,评价了8株在体外具有抑制空肠弯曲杆菌生长能力的乳酸菌在体内拮抗空肠弯曲杆菌定植的能力,同时对该8株菌生长速率、产酸能力、生物膜形成能力、黏附能力等生物学特性进行了测定,通过主成分分析对8株乳酸菌生物学特性的评价以及皮尔森相关性系数对乳酸菌生物学特性及其在体内拮抗空肠弯曲杆菌定植能力相关性的分析,发现8株乳酸菌种间生物学特性差异明显大于种内生物学特性差异,且乳酸菌在小鼠体内拮抗空肠弯曲杆菌定植的能力与其细胞黏附能力呈正相关。具有最高黏附指数的植物乳杆菌N8、N9可有效清除模型小鼠肠道内的空肠弯曲杆菌,对保护人体免受空肠弯曲杆菌感染具有潜在的应用价值,同时也为具有拮抗致病菌能力的益生菌的筛选提供了理论依据。     

抗耐药性大肠杆菌乳酸菌的筛选及抑菌机制

筛选对耐药性大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）拮抗活性较强的乳酸菌,并探究其作用机制。采用牛津杯打孔法筛选对耐药性E. coli具有抑制活性的乳酸菌,并通过生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列对其进行鉴定。通过测定阿奇霉素、乳酸菌粗提物、乳酸菌粗提物和阿奇霉素共同作用对耐药性E. coli电导率、胞外蛋白、紫外吸收物质等指标的影响,探究乳酸菌粗提物对耐药性E. coli的抑菌机制。结果表明：菌株XCT1-1对耐药性E. coli的抑菌直径达20.31 mm,且被鉴定为植物乳杆菌。乳酸菌XCT1-1粗提物、乳酸菌XCT1-1粗提物和阿奇霉素共同处理耐药性E. coli 10 h后,导致其胞外电导率分别增加20.54%、21.93%,胞外蛋白含量增加25.24%、27.93%,紫外吸收物质含量增加63.56%、77.12%。经扫描电镜观察,用乳酸菌XCT1-1粗提物、乳酸菌XCT1-1粗提物和阿奇霉素共同处理后,耐药性E. coli细胞壁和细胞膜被破坏,前者菌体表面出现褶皱,后者菌体细胞整体结构坍塌。结果表明,乳酸菌XCT1-1粗提物、乳酸菌XCT1-1粗提物和阿奇霉素共同作用于耐药性E. coli,都是通过膜损伤发挥拮抗作用,且乳酸菌粗提物提高了阿奇霉素对耐药性E. coli的敏感性。     

海洋湿地环境中拮抗水产品腐败菌的乳酸菌筛选与鉴定

从渤海锦州海岸湿地植物根系中筛选对腐败希瓦氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌和副溶血弧菌具有较强抑制作用的乳酸菌,为研发一种海产品防腐保鲜生物制剂奠定基础。应用牛津杯打孔法从碱蓬草、芦苇根部筛选拮抗性乳酸菌菌株,应用生长曲线分析菌株拮抗作用变化,通过pH、蛋白酶、温度、NaCl浓度等因素,分析乳酸菌无细胞上清液(CFS)的拮抗性能。从碱蓬草根部获得1株拮抗能力较强的乳酸菌株JP-12,初步判定其抑菌活性物质存在于CFS中,生长曲线结果显示其抑菌活性在培养28 h时达到峰值。CFS经不同蛋白酶处理后,抑菌活性均有所下降。对胃蛋白酶最为敏感,活性丧失率为24.21%;CFS经40~121 ℃等不同温度处理30 min,其抑菌活性基本不变;在pH3.0~4.5范围内抑菌活性保持稳定;3.0%~3.5% NaCl条件下其抑菌活性较强,抑菌直径达到18.46、18.15 mm。经生理生化实验和16S rRNA菌株JP-12被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。本文为挖掘拮抗性乳酸菌的资源及在水产品防腐保鲜中的应用提供一条新的途径。     

接菌发酵泡菜品质分析

乳酸菌菌株Mao24.1,Mao5.1和Tang3.2分离自传统发酵蔬菜中,具有强降解亚硝酸盐的作用,分别接种该3株菌发酵制作泡菜,与自然发酵泡菜比较分析乳酸菌数量、乳酸含量、pH、亚硝酸盐和感官评价。结果表明,接种发酵泡菜1d时乳酸菌数量最多,分别为5.5×106,1.4×107,2.8×107 CFU/mL;接入Mao5.1和Tang3.2的发酵泡菜在发酵2d时乳酸含量分别为0.41%和0.53%,pH为3.23和3.22;接菌发酵的泡菜亚硝酸盐含量一直在0.40μg/mL以下;Mao5.1和Tang3.2发酵泡菜产品色泽和脆度好,Mao24.1发酵泡菜产品香气浓郁,各指标均优于自然发酵泡菜。拮抗试验结果表明该3株菌间无拮抗作用可共生发酵泡菜。     

淡水鱼肠道中抗大肠杆菌O157:H7乳酸菌的筛选及抑菌作用研究

乳酸菌广泛存在于传统发酵食品和动物肠道等天然环境中,对微生物具有拮抗作用。该文采用牛津杯打孔法从淡水鱼肠道分离的乳酸菌中筛选出对大肠杆菌O157:H7拮抗活性较强的菌株LY-19和LY-21,抑菌直径分别为15.98 mm和16.32 mm,其抑菌活性物质存在于无细胞上清液中。菌株在培养24 h时的抑菌活性达到最大值,无细胞上清液中的酸性物质对大肠杆菌O157:H7没有抑菌作用。经中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶处理后,其抑菌活性丧失,对α-淀粉酶不敏感。在40~121℃处理30 min后,菌株无细胞上清液的拮抗活性保持不变,初步确定菌株LY-19和LY-21的抑菌物质为非糖基化细菌素类。经生理生化和分子生物学鉴定,菌株LY-19为清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei),LY-21为植物乳杆菌(Lb.plantarum)。     

乳酸菌抗菌肽抗菌机理的研究进展——乳酸菌抗菌肽抗菌机理

乳酸菌抗茵肽是乳酸菌代谢过程产生的一类具有活性的多肽或蛋白质物质,可抑制或杀死食品中的病原茵或腐败菌。近几年,乳酸茵对其他细菌的拮抗作用的机理研究得最多的是乳酸菌抗茵肽,在食品行业中具有广泛的应用前景,这是由于乳酸茵抗茵肽被认为是一种“天然”的食品添加剂而容易被接受。对乳酸菌抗菌肽作用机理的研究可为其在食品安全生产加工业中的应用奠定了基础。本文综述了乳酸菌抗茵肽的分类及作用机制的最新研究进展。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.