基于FFH/MFSK的深海远程水声通信技术

为实现深海远程水下通信,提出了一种FFH（Fast Frequency Hopping）/MFSK（快跳频/多频移键控）通信方案。该方案利用快跳频技术对已调MFSK信号进行二次调制,借助频率分集,可有效地抑制远程水声信道因多途传播而引起的频率选择性衰落,从而更好地实现远程低信噪比条件下可靠通信。同时采用深海声道作为通信系统水声波导,将通信节点置于声道轴以大幅提高通信距离。仿真及湖试结果证明了所提方案的良好性能。     

深水通讯节点中基于脉冲采样的高能效SPWM发生系统设计

近年来,深水探测中水下通讯节点的小型化、低功耗成为设计的难点。在水声通信中,普遍使用正弦脉宽调制(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, SPWM)信号驱动功率放大器进行工作。传统SPWM产生系统电路复杂度高,针对SPWM生成原理和电路实现,提出基于脉冲采样的SPWM生成方法,并进行性能分析;基于数字处理器设计了高能效SPWM发生系统,在保证SPWM信息损失较小的同时,减小硬件电路面积。实验结果表明,提出的高能效脉冲采样法与SPWM发生系统可以满足工程应用。     

一种具有二级触发功能的水声释放器遥控系统

水声释放器在海洋环境监测、水下施工和海洋测绘等领域发挥着重要作用。考虑到长期值守对低功耗的要求,传统水声释放器采用简单的非相干频率调制解调方法进行遥控,要求遥控信号有较高的信噪比,因此易被非授权方截获、复制从而导致丢失。基于STM32微处理器设计了一种频率调制结合扩频调制的二级触发释放器遥控系统,该系统在通过作为第一级触发的频率检测后,需对低信噪比扩频信号检测进行二级触发,从而提高系统的可靠性、安全性。海上实验结果表明了该方案的有效性。     

水下声信标信号的多脉冲匹配滤波改进方法

水下声信标信号检测是搜寻黑匣子的重要技术之一。针对水下声信标信号声源级低、脉冲宽度窄所带来的检测难题,充分利用声信标信号周期短、相邻脉冲信号相关性强等特点,提出了一种基于多脉冲积分的改进匹配滤波方法,通过前后脉冲匹配方法克服标准信号匹配处理中因信号畸变带来的匹配处理增益下降,通过多脉冲累积提高积分增益。通过仿真实验验证,当取多脉冲累积数为6时,在理想白噪声环境下,所提改进方法比传统单脉冲匹配滤波检测性能提高约4 dB,特别是在存在明显多普勒影响下,传统方法适应性下降,所提改进方法有9 dB的性能提高。通过对湖上实验数据的处理也验证了所提方法的有效性。     

浅海远程水声Turbo编码跳频通信研究

结合Turbo编码和水声跳频通信技术,基于数字信号处理(DSP)成功地研制出了一种高效的抗多途、抗噪声浅海远程水声通信系统.该系统针对浅海远程水声信道的低信噪比、强多途及快速时变衰落特点,采用一种联合有限脉冲响应(FIR)数字窄带滤波和线性调频信号互相关检测的快速、精确的帧同步方法;利用快速频谱分析进行解调,使用复杂度...     

水声脉冲信号检测的新方法

水声脉冲信号是由一个运动平台上的发射器发射的。信号的调制方式、载频、幅度、脉宽以及周期均为未知。该文介绍了一种水声脉冲信号检测的新方法。水声脉冲信号接收机输出的短时谱重心是不断起伏的。起伏在高信噪比时会变得很小,而在低信噪比(或无信号)时会变得很大。由于,起伏的绝对偏差移动平均可用来度量起伏的大小,因此,它可以被用来检测水声脉冲信号。还介绍了新检测方法的原理、算法以及仿真结果。在海洋噪声、运动载体的辐射噪声以及小的多途干扰背景中,该方法能可靠地检测水声脉冲信号,并能同时对信号的一些参数作出估计。     

高速数字水声通信系统的研究

远距离水下声通信可以利用的频带很窄,因此,高速水声通信系统中通常采用相干数字通信技术。由于水下声通信信道具有时变多径严重、相位起伏快等特点,成功实现高速水声通信系统的关键是研究高效、强壮的锁相环与均衡器算法。本文介绍北京邮电大学信息学院研究设计的高速数字水声通信系统方案和实现算法,并给出对实测数据的处理结果。     

一种低能耗的水声通信编码方案的研究

研究了一种用多个不同频率的CW窄脉冲与帧同步脉冲的时延差携带信息的水声通信技术。该技术利用多个不同频率的CW矩形窄脉冲与帧同步CW矩形窄脉冲之间的时延值进行信息编码,在接收端采用时延估计和频率检测技术进行解码,从而使码元间距成为可携带信息的有用资源,将码元间距扩展到足够宽,既可有效地克服水声信号的多途影响、提高频带利用率,又可大大减少码元脉冲数量,达到节省能量并提高通信可靠性的目的。仿真结果表明,该水声通信编码体制数据传输速率适中,编码和解码简易,系统稳健。     

一种低截获水声遥控信号的设计方法及性能分析

提出了一种基于时频扩展技术的低截获水声遥控信号设计方法,分别采用多载波技术和直序扩频技术实现水声遥控信号的扩时调制和频谱扩展。分析了信号的时宽带宽对低截获性能的影响,采用Wigner-Ville分布对时频扩展前后信号的能量分布进行了对比研究,利用可检测距离的概念定量分析了信号时频扩展前后的低截获性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该时频扩展信号具有低的瞬时功率及谱密度,处理增益大,可检测距离小,能够高可靠地实现信息的隐蔽传输。     

水下等离子体声源放电特性和声特性实测与分析

在小型消声水池中,同步测量水下等离子体脉冲声源的放电特性和声特性,实验分析研究了其在单电极和多电极下负载注入峰值功率和放电能量对声特性的影响。结果表明,在相同的电极数和间距下,直达波脉冲声源级仅与负载注入峰值功率有关,气泡脉冲声源级和气泡周期则主要受放电能量影响,多电极放电通过减小单根电极放的电能量来减小气泡脉冲声源级和气泡周期。此外,在相同的充电电压下,减小充电电容对电极数的比,可以增大直达波脉冲声源级并压制气泡脉冲;负载注入峰值功率对放电能量的比对声特性的影响也呈现出类似规律。实测及其分析结果可为进一步优化水下等离子体脉冲声源的声特性提供参考。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.