基于磁场测量的脉冲远场涡流非磁性平板仿真

为解决在脉冲远场涡流检测中检测线圈体积较大、控件分辨力低且在低频域灵敏度差的问题,通过有限元仿真,对不同位置不同深度的缺陷进行了基于磁场测量的脉冲远场涡流检测非磁性平板仿真。结果表明:在对激励线圈施加屏蔽后可以实现远场涡流效应,当缺陷位于激励线圈与二维节点中间时,检测效果最好,并且缺陷深度与磁通密度差分幅值密切相关,且具有良好的线性关系,可以实现对缺陷的定位及定量分析。     

远场涡流检测传感器速度效应仿真分析

为了分析远场涡流检测中传感器运行速度对缺陷响应信号的影响,采用多场有限元方法对远场涡流(RFEC)管道检测技术进行仿真研究.首先使用COMSOL有限元软件建立远场涡流管道检测频域与瞬态仿真分析模型,而后利用该模型对远场涡流检测原理以及传感器运行速度与缺陷响应信号的关系进行研究.结果表明:在采用远场涡流传感器检测管道缺陷时,传感器运行速度和行进方向对检测结果的稳定性有较大影响.当传感器运行速度过大时,缺陷检测信号与激励信号的相位差会出现较大变化;当传感器运行速度在2 m/s以下,且沿着激励线圈指向检测线圈的方向运动,检测效果较理想.     

飞机铆接结构缺陷的远场涡流检测技术研究

飞机机身铆接结构中缺陷的检测评估是目前航空和无损检测领域中的研究难点.远场涡流检测技术因其不受集肤效应的限制从而可以实现对大厚度构件的检测.设计了一种激励线圈带多层屏蔽结构的传感器模型,在非磁性金属平板构件上实现了远场涡流现象.采用旋转式扫描的检测方法对铆接结构中缺陷进行检测,结果表明,检测线圈在经过缺陷正上方时其相位出现极小值,并且该极小值与缺陷深度之间存在线性关系,从而验证了将远场涡流检测技术应用于铆接结构中缺陷检测的可行性.     

基于连通磁路的脉冲远场涡流传感器设计及缺陷定量评估与分类识别

为了克服传统脉冲远场涡流传感器由于结构的限制带来的激励磁场在空间出现发散、对大壁厚管道检测能力较弱以及难以对缺陷进行准确定位的问题,在分析了脉冲远场涡流检测原理的基础上,采用仿真与实验相结合的方法,仿真分析了基于连通磁路的脉冲远场涡流传感器的聚磁效果,研究了该传感器对管道轴向内外壁裂纹缺陷的定量评估能力,比较了检测线圈处于不同位置时的缺陷分类识别效果。仿真结果表明,该传感器通过引导磁场的定向传播实现了对磁场的聚集,同时,通过提取适当检测位置的信号负峰值可以实现对缺陷的分类识别。最后,采用实验的方法验证了基于连通磁路的脉冲远场涡流传感器对管道轴向裂纹缺陷深度的定量能力,实验结果表明该传感器可以很好的实现对缺陷的定量评估。     

基于Tx-Rx探头的异种金属焊缝缺陷检测及定量分析

异种金属焊接结构在使用过程中容易产生损伤,因此需对其进行检测;脉冲涡流一发一收式非同轴(Transmitter Receiver,Tx-Rx)探头可应用于异种金属焊缝缺陷检测;然而,考虑到异种金属焊接构件成分多样、结构复杂的特点,需对Tx-Rx探头的摆放位置进行了优化;首先,建立仿真模型,讨论了激励线圈的摆放位置对试件中涡流及涡流扰动的影响,结果表明,当激励线圈位于带堆焊的合金钢上方时,其表面涡流强度及涡流扰动强度较大;其次,建立实验平台,实验表明,当激励线圈放置在带堆焊的合金钢上方时,其检测信号幅值和差分信号幅值最大;最后利用差分信号的峰值对焊缝缺陷的定量展开分析;脉冲涡流Tx-Rx探头的研究可为其在异种金属焊缝缺陷的应用提供参考.     

铁磁性管材涡流检测信号影响因素的分析

远场涡流检测技术使用较低的检验频率使磁场可以穿过铁磁性管材的管壁,达到检查目的。铁磁性管材远场涡流检查过程中,数据分析时出现了多种非缺陷涡流异常信号,可能会影响管材的质量,也对其使用后的监督评定具有一定影响。文章对比研究检验数据的涡流信号,对管材生产过程中的变形工艺、工序技术、现场操作、检测过程等进行分析,并在制造的相应阶段进行改进,减少生产工艺对涡流信号的影响,从而提高了管材产品的质量。     

基于涡流线圈提离效应的深裂纹检测方法研究

为了提高涡流探头检测厚壁结构中深裂纹的能力,使用 ANSYS有限元模型研究了圆形和矩形两类涡流激励线圈的 提离效应对涡流渗透深度的影响,发现当线圈轴线和材料表面之间的夹角发生变化时,其所产生的提离效应会对涡流的分布产生较大影响。通过分析材料表面各点处涡流渗透深度的变化情况?发现当矩形线圈倾斜60°时进行激励可在材料中感应出 最大渗透深度的涡流,用于深层缺陷的检测,为了提高深裂纹的检测效果,对矩形线圈的参数进行了优化,进一步提高了探头的性能。     

碳纤维增强复合平板新型涡流探头的仿真与试验研究

针对碳纤维增强复合材料平板断丝缺陷开发了一种新型涡流探头,采用激励线圈与检测线圈中心轴线相互垂直的独特设计弱化主磁场干扰,并以仿真数值分析方法证明了设计方式的优越性;研制探头,建立检测系统,并开展试验进行表面缺陷与隐藏缺陷的初步研究。结果表明,设计开发的涡流探头可以极大的提高传感器的灵敏度。此外,与仿真结果一致,此传感器对材料板表面缺陷具有很强的敏感性,而且能有效检测碳纤维增强复合材料板埋深2 mm^4 mm的隐藏损伤。     

基于远场涡流法的管道缺陷识别的有限元仿真研究

远场涡流(RFEC)法是无损检测的重要方法之一,相对于其他无损检测技术而言更具优势。在基于远场涡流原理的基础上,利用有限元方法对远场涡流现象和二维轴对称缺陷进行了仿真和分析。首先,从麦克斯韦方程出发,对远场涡流进行数学建模,为有限元分析提供理论指导;其次,利用有限元法建立仿真环境,并对远场涡流现象进行二维仿真,借此设计出实验装置并确定了激励参数;最后,对轴向上不同位置、宽度和深度的缺陷进行分类对比仿真,研究了缺陷信号间的相互作用,确定了缺陷量化特征量,优化了缺陷信号。为以后的三维仿真和缺陷位置、尺寸及管道耗损的定量识别提供了理论依据。     

缺陷方向对基于GMR的电涡流缺陷检测的影响

由于电涡流缺陷检测多采用单方向激励方式,而实际检测中缺陷的方向是未知的,从而造成检测灵敏度不确定.针对此情况设计以巨磁电阻(GMR)传感器为检测元件的矩形线圈激励的检测探头,以矩形缺陷为研究对象,从定性和定量两个角度仿真对比了在同一激励方向下,不同方向缺陷引起的磁感应强度变化,发现缺陷方向平行于激励线圈轴线时能更好地体现缺陷,在此基础上,对不同方向缺陷进行扫描实验,将测量数据扫描曲线进行对比发现,当缺陷方向平行于激励线圈轴线时曲线峰值较大且峰值位置明显,能更清晰地反映缺陷信息.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。