Ti6Al4V钛合金表面火焰喷焊WxC层耐磨性分析

采用“一步法”火焰喷焊法在Ti6Al4V钛合金上制备Ni60过渡层、WxC+Ni60强化层,喷焊层在氩气气氛中冷却,避免了涂层的氧化。过渡层与基体结合良好,没有孔洞等缺陷;强化层中碳化钨颗粒呈弥散分布,与过渡层界面处存在大量的孔洞。喷焊层硬度为1230HV,相比基材,硬度提高了3倍多;相比基材,摩擦系数降低60%以上。喷焊层与GCr15和Si3N4对磨后,喷焊层无明显磨损,对磨副GCr15和Si3N4磨损严重,喷焊层表现出优异的耐磨性     

纳米Si_3N_4/Ni复合镀层对金刚石节块性能的影响

用滚镀的方法在金刚石表面镀Ni层和纳米Si_3N_4/Ni复合镀层,用扫描电子显微镜观察金刚石镀前和镀后的表面形貌,用DKY-1型单颗粒抗压强度测定仪测量金刚石单颗粒的抗压强度。用热压烧结的方法得到铁基结合剂金刚石节块,在INSTRON-5569型万能材料试验机上测量节块的抗弯强度,在NMW-1立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上测试节块的耐磨性。结果表明:在金刚石表面镀Ni层和纳米Si_3N_4/Ni复合镀层后,表面镀层均匀,纳米Si_3N_4/Ni复合镀层比纯Ni层更致密,更平滑,晶粒更细小;纳米Si_3N_4/Ni复合镀层金刚石单颗粒有更高的抗压强度;纳米Si_3N_4/Ni复合镀层金刚石铁基结合剂节块有更高的抗弯强度和更优良的耐磨性。     

纳米WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层在不同介质中抗泥浆冲蚀性能研究

采用氧乙炔火焰喷熔工艺制备了Ni60CuMo和纳米WC增强Ni60CuMo两种Ni基合金喷熔层,采用XRD、SEM方法分析了喷熔层的组织结构,测量了喷熔层的硬度和电化学性能;研究了两种喷熔层在淡水和3.5wt.%NaCl介质中的抗泥浆冲蚀磨损性能。结果表明,纳米WC增强Ni60CuMo合金喷熔层的组织结构为纳米WC呈块状均匀镶嵌在γ相固溶体和Cr23C6、Cr7C3等硬质相之间,形成弥散强化,使其硬度提高了约13%;纳米WC增强的Ni基合金喷熔层在3.5wt.%NaCl介质中比Ni60CuMo喷熔层具有更低的腐蚀电位与更高的腐蚀电流密度,它在淡水和3.5wt.%NaCl介质中的抗泥浆冲蚀磨损性能分别比Ni60CuMo喷熔层提高了约53%和20%。纳米WC的加入显著提高了Ni基合金喷熔层的抗泥浆冲蚀性能,但在3.5wt.%NaCl介质中,由于WC与NiCr合金之间形成了大量微电池,加速了喷熔层的腐蚀磨损,使其抗泥浆冲蚀性能的增强效果受到削弱。     

Ni基+WC等离子喷焊涂层性能研究

为减轻柴油发动机工作时活塞组与缸套之间在高温高压工况下剧烈的摩擦、磨损,增强其耐热耐腐蚀性,在38CrMoAl材料表面,通过等离子喷焊技术,分别在Ni45、Ni55粉末中添加15%、25%、35%(质量分数)的WC粉末制备强化层,并对强化层的显微组织进行观察,测试其显微硬度,分析强化层的热物性。结果表明,以上6种粉末制备的强化层均能起到强化的作用,其中(Ni45+25%WC)(质量分数)合金粉末所制备的强化层的综合性能最优,显微硬度高于600HV,并且梯度硬度、热膨胀系数与基体匹配,达到了对缸套内壁性能强化的要求。     

铁基合金粉末中碳化硼添加量对喷焊层性能的影响

为了提高铁基合金喷焊层的硬度与耐磨性,在铁基合金粉末中加入不同含量的碳化硼,采取火焰喷焊技术在42CrMo合金钢表面制备四种复合粉末喷焊层,然后用光学显微镜对喷焊层的显微组织进行分析,利用自动转塔显微硬度计、磨粒磨损试验机测定了喷焊层的显微硬度和耐磨性。实验结果表明:铁基喷焊层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层主要由细小的树枝晶及鱼骨状共晶组织组成;B4C的加入可显著提高喷焊层的硬度和耐磨性,细化组织,随着B4C含量的增加,喷焊层的硬度和耐磨性呈现先增加,后降低的趋势,当B4C含量为2%时,喷焊层的硬度和耐磨性最好。     

添加元素Cu、Mo对镍基合金喷焊层组织和性能的影响

选择两种(Ni-A、Ni-B)成分不同的Ni基合金粉末,在STB A22钢基体上用火焰喷焊技术制备两种喷焊层.XRD和SEM背散射电子实验结果表明,喷焊层内的基体都是Ni和Ni₃Fe相,其中Ni-A的基体中含有少量Cu.在Ni-A、Ni-B的喷焊层内分布有大量富Cr硬质第二相,在Ni-A的喷焊层中,该相有两种形态,且含有较多Mo元素.在Ni-B的喷焊层中,第二相分布均匀,且无Mo元素.高温硬度实验表明,由于喷焊层中形成了富Cr硬质第二相,Ni-A、Ni-B喷焊层的硬度较高,而由于Ni-A第二相中含有较多Mo元素,Ni-A的高温硬度比Ni-B高,两种喷焊层的高温硬度均比基材常温时高70%以上.     

球阀表面热喷涂镍基合金强化层耐磨性的研究

利用氧乙炔焰热喷涂技术在不锈钢表面制备了Ni45和Ni60的镍基合金强化层,探讨其强化层厚度、孔隙率、微观组织和硬度,并测试分析其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明热喷涂镍基合金强化层可以制备厚度大于1.16 mm、孔隙率小于1.61%的强化层。Ni60镍基强化层中的碳化物、硼化物等硬质相数量要多于Ni45强化层,其硬度比Ni45镍基强化层高86.7%,磨损量少48.9%,主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

等离子喷焊工艺参数的快速计算方法研究

针对等离子喷焊工艺参数不易调节的问题,研究了可快速确定等离子喷焊工艺参数的计算方法。该方法可快速确定合适的转移弧电流、喷焊速度和送粉速率等参数,容易获得较优的等离子喷焊工艺参数组合。通过在Q235基材上喷焊Ni60a合金粉末,进行不同喷焊层厚度的等离子喷焊工艺实验研究,对该计算方法进行验证。结果表明:使用该方法计算所得的工艺参数,可获得喷焊层与基材结合良好、表面硬度高的喷焊层,其表面最低硬度大于Hv 730,最高硬度可达Hv 804。     

高耐磨Ni65自熔合金粉末

上海钢铁工艺技术研究所研制的高耐磨Ni65自熔合金喷涂粉末,喷焊层硬度达到HRA81.2～84.5(HRC60～66)。具有优良的抗磨性能尤其是抗磨粒磨损性能,还具有良好的耐蚀和抗氧化性能。     

铝合金表面纳米化--微弧氧化复合涂层摩擦行为

通过表面机械研磨处理在LY12CZ铝合金表面制备表面纳米化(SNC)过渡层,再采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术对纳米晶过渡层进行微结构重构,设计制备出纳米化-微弧氧化(SNC-MAO)复合涂层,并对比研究了铝合金表面微弧氧化涂层及纳米化-微弧氧化复合涂层的摩擦学行为.与微弧氧化涂层相比,纳米化-微弧氧化复合涂层因硬度较高而具有较好的耐磨性.微弧氧化涂层及纳米化-微弧氧化复合涂层与GCr15钢球对磨时具有相同的磨损机理,为对磨钢球向涂层的材料转移和氧化磨损.

     

Development of Functionally Graded Coating Material for Metallic Thermal Protection System of Reusable Launch Vehicle

Functionally graded coating material (FGM) based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and Ni–Cr–Al–Y was designed and developed for metallic thermal protection system of reusable launch vehicle (RLV). Coating was made using premixed mechanically alloyed YSZ and Ni–Cr–Al–Y powders through plasma spray technique. Thermal stress analysis was carried out, which showed significant reduction in stress in FGM coating as compared to dual coating. The phase composition of coating was found to be close to the designed one. Porosity varied in the range of 8–18%. Average emissivity of three different time exposures of 30, 60 and 90 s was found to be 0.8. Solar absorptivity was found to be 0.55. Fatigue life of FGM coating evaluated along with Inconel and Ti6Al4V metallic substrate was compared with dual coating. FGM coating could be fatigue tested to relatively higher thermal cycles as compared to dual coating on the Inconel substrate. Heat flux measured at top surface was found to be close to simulated heat flux for windward side of RLV. Top surface temperature was similar for both type of metallic substrates and was matching with predicted temperature. However, substrate temperature was higher for Ti6Al4V as compared to Inconel alloy due to higher thermal diffusivity of Ti6Al4V.     

Adhesion Behaviour,Nanohardness and Surface Roughness of Ti–6Al–4V–6B<Subscript>4</Subscript>C Thin Films Grown on AISI 1040 Steel

The nanohardness of Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C thin film coated AISI 1040 steel were investigated using nanoindentation based on an AFM measurement technique. Thin films of Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C were grown by the magnetron sputtering deposition method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the deposited thin films were highly purified. The nanohardness of 18, 14 and 11.3 GPa were obtained for the coating of Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C, Ti–6Al–4V, and bare substrate respectively. The surface roughness (R_a) of 0.5 and 1 h coating were 3.39 and 15.74 nm respectively. The results showed that the B₄C particles had a significant effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the coatings. The Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C coating was obtained for a coating thickness of 40 and 100 nm for 0.5 and 1 h coating time respectively. In the meantime, the respective coating thickness of Ti–6Al–4V was obtained as 30 and 80 nm for 0.5 and 1 h coating time respectively. Strong adhesion was observed between the Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C coating and AISI 1040 steel substrate than Ti–6Al–4V samples. The adhesion mechanism between the Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C coating, AISI 1040 steel substrate, and the interfacial structure were studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The use of Ti–6Al–4V–6B₄C coating could be a novel technique for developing high-performance applications due to excellent adhesion and nanohardness.     

Friction Stir Surfacing Route: Effective Strategy for the Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Titanium Alloy

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace applications due to their properties like high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion and creep resistance. Poor wear resistance of these alloys limits their use in tribological applications. Friction surfacing technique is now recognized as an effective solution to surface engineer the light weight high strength alloys to make them suitable for general engineering applications involving wear and corrosion. The present work pertains to a study on wear resistance of surface coating of boron carbide on Ti–6Al–4V alloy using friction surfacing technique. Coating was formed by placing the boron carbide powder into the holes of predetermined depth on the surface and was characterized by metallography, electron probe micro analysis and dry sliding wear testing. The present study revealed that titanium alloy could be friction surfaced with boron carbide powder. The coating exhibited excellent wear resistance, which is attributed to the formation of strong metallurgical bond with the substrate. In the present work an attempt has also been made to compare the wear behaviour of surface composite layer on titanium alloy with that of conventionally used engineering materials such as mild steel and austenitic stainless steel. Wear data clearly revealed that wear resistance of friction stir surfaced composite layer is better than that of mild steel and stainless steel. This study demonstrated that friction stir surfacing is an effective strategy for the enhancement of wear resistance of titanium alloys.     

氩弧熔覆Ni60+WC合金层的组织与性能

研究了氩弧熔覆Ni60 WC合金层的组织和耐磨性。对不同WC含量的熔覆层：W6MoSCr4V2,4CrB,Cr12MoV和lCr18Ni9Ti进行了磨损试验。结果表明：Ni60 WC合金层具最好的耐磨性,并且随WC含量的增加,耐磨性随之提高,且熔覆层组织进一步细化。     

TC4合金基体上激光熔敷钛、铝、二氧化硅碳粉末的显微组织

Laser cladding experiment of Ti + Al + SiO2 + C was carried out on Ti6Al4V alloy substrate, thenthe microstructure of the clad layer was analyzed with SEM and its Anti - oxidation function was discussed.Analyses microstructure show that the clad coating can be divided into three zones along the depth direction:clad, binding and heat - affected zones. Ti5Si3 in the clad zone exists in the form of fine dendrites, TiAl matrix filling among Ti5Si3 dendrites plays a role of connecting the Ti5Si3 with the TiAl3 and transferring load,so the clad coating has been strengthened obviously.     

Microstructure of laser clad Ti ＋ Al ＋ SiO2 ＋ C powders on Ti6Al4V alloy

Laser cladding experiment of Ti ＋ Al ＋ SiO2 ＋ C was carried out on Ti6Al4V alloy substrate, then the micmstructure of the clad layer was analyzed with SEM and its Anti - oxidation function was discussed. Analyses microstructure show that the clad coating can be divided into three zones along the depth direction： clad, binding and heat -affected zones. Ti5Si3 in the clad zone exists in the form of fine dendrites, TiAI matrix filling among Ti5Si3 dendrites plays a role of connecting the Ti5Si3 with the TiAl3 and transferring load, so the clad coating has been strengthened obviously.     

Effect of Nanosecond Laser-Textured Ablation on Performance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Prepared by Composite Nitriding Process

As a widely used orthopedic implant, titanium alloy will face the corrosion of body fluid in human body. In addition, the wear of implants and bones in human body will also reduce the service life of implants. To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of biological titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V alloy was modified by plasma nitriding and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PN + PECVD) composite process, and then samples were ablated by nanosecond laser to form a regular surface texture. The textured Ti6Al4V and PN + PECVD samples marked as Ti6Al4V-T and PN + PECVD-T samples. The microstructure and phase composition of the samples before and after modification were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that after PN + PECVD process, a TiN film with a thickness of 2 μm was formed on the surface of Ti6Al4V. The surface texture of Ti6Al4V-T sample was regular, but the PN + PECVD-T sample texture was wide and shallow irregular after nanosecond laser ablation. The Ti–O and Ti–N–O non-stoichiometric compounds appeared on the samples after nanosecond laser ablation. Through the wear and electrochemical corrosion test in SBF, it was found that PN + PECVD sample had the best wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V-T and PN + PECVD-T samples were much better than that of Ti6Al4V substrate. The results show that, nitrogen oxides formed on the surface had higher microhardness and surface density, which was beneficial to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of implants.

     

前驱体碳化粉末反应火焰喷涂制备TiC增强金属复合涂层

采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备了Ti-Fe-C和Ti-Ni-C两种体系的反应热喷涂复合粉末,通过氧乙炔火焰喷涂原位合成并沉积了TiC增强Fe基和Ni基复合涂层.利用XRD、SEM和EDS研究了复合粉末、涂层的相组成和组织结构,考察了TiC/Fe、TiC/Ni复合涂层的硬度和耐磨性.结果表明: 复合粉末在喷涂过程中反应充分,可分别生成以Fe和Ni为粘结相的TiC增强涂层;两种涂层都是由TiC颗粒均匀分布的复合强化片层和TiC聚集片层叠加而成,TiC/Fe复合涂层的片层较薄,而TiC/Ni涂层中TiC的聚集片层较少;TiC/Fe涂层的硬度高于TiC/Ni涂层,两者的耐磨性能分别约为Ni60涂层的11倍和6倍.     

Ni60A等离子喷涂层的组织结构及其摩擦磨损特性

研究了Ｎｉ６０Ａ等离子喷涂层的组织结构及其摩擦磨损特性：涂层呈片层状的堆积状态,片层内为镍基固溶体及弥散分布其上的尺寸较大的Ｃｒ７Ｃ３、Ｃｒ２３Ｃ６ 及尺寸较小的Ｎｉ３Ｂ颗粒;涂层的平均硬度约ＨＶ６８３;涂层的磨损机制是剥层磨损和磨料磨损。     

Abrasive performance of the chromium carbide reinforced Ni3Al matrix composite cladding in different depth

 The Microstructure and room-temperature abrasive wear resistance of chromium carbide reinforced Ni3Al matrix composite cladding in different depth on nickel base alloy were investigated. The results showed that there is a great difference in microstructure and wear resistance of the Ni3Al matrix composite in different depth. Three kinds of tests, designed for different load and abrasive’ size, were utilized to understand the wear behaviour of this material. Under all three wear conditions, the abrasion resistance of the composite cladding in the depth of 6mm, namely NC-M2, was much higher than that of the composite cladding in the depth of 2mm, namely NC-M1. In addition, the wear-resistant advantage of NC-M2 was more obvious when the size of the abrasive was small. The relative wear resistance of NC-M2 increased from 1.63 times to 2.05 times when the size of the abrasive decreased from 180μm to 50μm. The microstructure of the composite cladding showed that the size of chromium carbide particles, which was mainly influenced by cooling rate of melting pool, as a function of distance from the interface between the coating and substrate was gradual. The chromium carbide particles near the interface were finer than that away from interface, which was the main reason for the different wear resistance of the composite cladding in different depth.