基于多指标灰区间数关联决策模型的产品方案设计

针对复杂产品方案设计中属性信息的不完全性和不确定性,研究了方案设计中多指标灰区间数关联决策计算方法.提出一种基于灰色系统理论的多指标灰区间数关联决策模型.该模型通过引入灰区间敷序列的范数实现多指标决策矩阵的规范化处理,构建了综合考虑灰色信息的正负理想区间方案,利用方案的优属度从整体性的角度获得最优决策方案.最后,通过大型水轮机的方案设计,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性.     

基于区间数的多时点多属性灰靶决策模型

针对多属性决策的不确定性和多时点性,提出基于区间数的多时点多属性灰靶决策模型.该方法依据逼近理想解方法和区间数的运算规则,结合指标权重来计算案例的正负靶心距;基于灰熵和时间度建立时点权重的求解模型;根据指标权重和时间点权重给出对各时点的靶心距进行集结的目标函数,利用隶属度对案例进行排序,进一步完善了灰靶决策理论.最后,通过具体算例验证了所提出模型的可行性和有效性.     

基于累积前景理论的动态风险灰靶决策方法

研究信息值为区间灰数, 指标权重未知的动态风险决策问题, 提出一种基于累积前景理论和灰靶思想的决策方法. 该方法定义了区间灰数的距离测度和排序方法; 以各指标值的平均值作为参照点计算各时段的前景矩阵; 通过WAA算子将动态前景矩阵集结为静态前景矩阵; 在此基础上求解基于极大熵思想的规划模型得出各指标权重. 构造正负椭球灰靶模型, 根据各方案的正负靶心综合距对方案进行排序. 最后, 通过算例分析结果验证了该方法更加符合决策者的心理行为.

     

基于前景理论的多目标灰靶决策方法

针对权重信息部分已知且属性值为区间数的多目标决策问题,考虑决策者风险态度对多目标决策的影响,提出一种基于前景理论的区间数多目标灰靶决策方法.该方法利用奖优罚劣的区间数线性变换算子对原始决策信息进行规范化处理,设计正负理想靶心,并定义前景价值函数.利用该构建方案建立优化模型以得出最优权向量,并最终确定出方案的排序.最后,通过一个实例验证了该模型适用于具有风险态度特性的区间数多指标决策,并且表明了该模型的有效性和可行性.     

基于后悔理论的多目标灰靶决策方法

针对属性值为区间灰数、权重信息不确定的多目标决策问题, 考虑决策者的心理行为, 提出一种基于后悔理论的多目标灰靶决策方法. 首先构造基于正负理想点的欣喜-后悔值函数, 建立正负靶心, 同时考虑方案与正负理想方案的接近性, 利用正负靶心距的空间投影距离构造一种新的靶心距函数, 并构建非线性优化模型来确定目标权重,最终确定出方案的排序. 最后以城市应急实例验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性.

     

基于时间度的风险型动态灰色多属决策方法

针对方案属性值为区间灰数的动态多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于前景理论的动态多属性决策方法。定义了区间灰数新的距离测度;鉴于被评价对象在时序上的差异信息和波动性,建立了基于熵和时间度的确定时间权重的优化模型;以两两方案互为参考点确定了前景价值函数,由此构建了求解最优权向量的优化模型,最后以方案的综合前景值对方案进行排序。通过实例说明了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

三参数区间灰数信息下的动态多属性决策方法

针对方案属性值为三参数区间灰数的动态多属性决策问题, 提出一种基于前景理论的动态多属性决策方法. 定义了三参数区间灰数距离测度和排序方法; 鉴于被评价对象在时序上的差异信息和波动性, 建立基于方差和时间度的确定时间权重的优化模型; 以两两方案互为参考点确定前景价值函数, 由此构建求解最优权向量的优化模型,并通过求解方案的综合前景值对方案进行排序. 实例研究表明了该方法的合理性和有效性.

     

一种基于前景理论的三参数区间灰数型群体灰靶决策方法

考虑决策者关于指标满意域和风险态度对群体决策的影响, 提出基于前景理论的三参数区间灰数型群体灰靶决策方法. 该方法利用“奖优罚劣”的三参数区间灰数线性变换算子对原始决策信息进行规范化处理, 能够充分反映决策值是否中靶. 在此基础上, 以规范化区间的零点作为参考点, 定义前景价值函数. 依据群体一致性和极大熵原理构建决策者权重模型, 根据综合前景值的正负判断方案是否中靶. 最后, 通过实例表明了所提出方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于“离合”思想的混合型灰色多属性决策方法

针对方案属性值为三参数区间灰数和模糊语言的混合型灰色多属性决策问题, 提出一种基于“离合”思想的混合灰靶决策方法. 首先, 定义三参数区间灰数的距离测度和排序方法; 然后, 鉴于灰信息与模糊信息相互转化的信息损失问题, 定义?? 维模糊球形灰靶和?? 维混合球形灰靶, 讨论正负靶心的情形, 并利用奖优罚劣原则构造综合靶心距, 建立混合正负靶心灰靶决策模型; 最后, 将所提出的方法应用于黄河宁蒙段防凌防汛的方案择优问题, 分析了属性权重和决策者风险偏好的选取对决策的影响, 结果验证了所提出方法的合理性和有效性.

     

基于前景理论的灰色多指标风险型决策方法

考虑决策者风险态度对多指标决策的影响,针对决策信息为区间数的多指标风险型决策问题,提出一种基于前景理论的灰色多指标风险型决策方法。首先利用“奖优罚劣”的[[-1,?1]]线性变换算子对指标为区间数的原始信息进行规范化处理,得到正负靶心。根据前景理论和灰靶理论定义区间数的价值函数和概率权重函数,并以此求解方案的综合前景值,构造决策树并根据前景值最大化思想进行剪枝确定最优方案。通过一个投资实例说明了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.