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1.
以面心立方金属钯为研究对象,基于第一性原理中的局域密度近似理论(LDA),计算了不同晶格长度下的原子间内聚能并得到其原子内聚能曲线.通过陈-莫比乌斯晶格反演势理论,得到了精确的反演对势曲线.采用不同势函数对该曲线拟合,通过对拟合效果的对比和分析,提出了全局精度较高的双指数型势函数.同时,分别采用第一性原理方法,原子嵌入势(EAM)方法和反演势数据计算了钯的声子谱.比较声子谱曲线发现,曲线的变化趋势是相似的,说明反演势可以合理的反应原子间相互作用.并且反演势方法所需的计算时间明显少于EAM势方法,说明反演势方法在计算量上有明显优势.最后,计算了金属钯的热膨胀系数,弹性模量和格林乃森常数等物理量.计算结果与实验数据基本符合,表明构建的钯的反演势是准确有效的.  相似文献   

2.
采用第一性原理方法,计算得到铑的内聚能曲线;基于陈氏晶格反演理论,将内聚能进行反演得到其晶格反演对势曲线;采用本文提出的双指数型势函数对反演对势曲线进行拟合,获得该函数的精确解析式.为了验证该对势函数的有效性,分别采用第一性原理方法、嵌入原子势方法以及反演对势方法,计算铑的声子谱,计算结果表明,反演对势可以有效地反映原...  相似文献   

3.
采用密度泛函理论计算分别得到的铂和铑的晶格内聚能-最近原子距离曲线,而后基于晶格反演方法构建得到了铂和铑的晶格反演势。同时详细给出了FCC晶格的反演系数等的具体计算方法和算法。通过将铂和铑的晶格反演势与已有的相应势函数比较发现两者是基本相同的,这证明了构建的铂和铑反演势是有效的。  相似文献   

4.
本文采用第一原理平面波赝势法计算出过渡金属氮化物的晶格常数,在此基础上计算该类物质晶格原胞的总能量,以及分别计算各单原子能量,进而利用结合能公式计算出该类晶体结合能.计算结果与试验值符合的很好,从而验证了通过第一原理计算可以准确的获得材料的很多特征参数.  相似文献   

5.
《贵金属》2019,(Z1)
通过第一性原理计算得到了铂的晶格内聚曲线,而后利用陈式晶格反演方法,得到了反演势曲线。利用提出的双指数函数,拟合得到了精确的铂原子的反演势函数。利用反演势数据、EAM(嵌入式原子法)势理论和第一原理分别计算声子谱,验证了反演势的可靠性。提出了将玻尔兹曼统计方程与晶格粘聚能曲线精确拟合相结合的热膨胀系数计算方法。此外,还计算了室温下的体积模量和格鲁内森常数。结果与实验结果吻合较好,说明计算得到的铂的反演势是有效的、准确的。  相似文献   

6.
基于微观相场理论,根据Khachaturyan的占位几率和能量关系方程,推导出L12结构的第一近邻原子间相互作用势与长程序参数关系的反演方程-4W1·η/kBT=1n(1-η)[1-c(1+3·η)]/(1+3·η)[1-c(1-η)],根据该方程,只需输入根据相图中L12结构相变点的温度和原子浓度,就可以计算出不同温度和原子浓度下的L12结构的第1近邻原子间相互作用势,计算结果与第1性原理及其他方法计算的值接近;同时在计算过程中发现了L12结构的第1近邻原子间相互作用势在析出L12相的相图范围内随温度和原子浓度变化.  相似文献   

7.
采用加和法,通过对铂原料电阻比和热电势的估算,并将其与实验值相比较,说明了二者的接近程度。由此认为,可以通过估算电阻比和热电势来判断用于生产热电偶的铂原料是否合格,其方法是可以参考的。此方法可为避免盲目投料而造成的质量问题及避免盲目追求高纯度而造成的浪费现象提供帮助。  相似文献   

8.
刘欣  韩非  申倩倩  贾虎生 《贵金属》2019,40(2):32-38
用醇盐法制备了铈和铂元素掺杂的钙钛矿催化材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对材料进行了表征。结果表明,催化材料颗粒均匀,直径约30 nm,以钙钛矿(CaTiO3)和烧绿石(Ca2Ti2O6)共存,铈和铂元素分散均匀并形成掺杂的固溶体结构。构建了Pt(111)和铂铈原子替代钛原子的钙钛矿掺杂模型,并采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对CaTixPtyCezO3材料的形成能、态密度和吸附性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,CaTi0.9Pt0.05Ce0.05O3对NH3的吸附能与Pt(111)最接近,掺杂使体系吸附能降低,有利于氨氧化催化的吸附和脱附。  相似文献   

9.
采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理超软赝势平面波方法计算了Li-Sb合金的嵌锂性能,得到合金的嵌锂形成能、嵌锂电位、理论比容量、体积膨胀率和能带结构等。并用恒流充放电和循环伏安法实测了薄膜电极的充放电性,Sb电极在循环时,表现出平稳的0.8V嵌锂电压平台,其电位与理论计算较吻合。富锂态LixSb(2相似文献   

10.
Pt-Zr合金在高氧氛围下氧化机制的 第一性原理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用第一性原理的密度泛涵理论方法从点阵参数、单位键长、电子结构等几个方面研究Pt-Zr固溶体在高氧氛围下的氧化机制.结果发现,在Pt-Zr固溶体的氧化过程中,固溶体的点阵参数发生显著的变化,最终α轴的膨胀要大于b、c两轴的膨胀.从电子结构分析,由于Zr的氧化性强于Pt,所以主要是Zr的4d电子轨道上电子与O的2p轨道上的电子成键结合形成Zr的氧化物,而Pt在整个氧化过程中只是起到中介桥梁的作用,计算结果与实验现象是比较吻合的.  相似文献   

11.
李阳  徐均琪  苏俊宏  袁松松  刘祺  刘政 《表面技术》2022,51(9):311-318, 334
目的 由于光学薄膜自身的残余应力,致使镀膜前后基底面型变化较大。针对这一问题,本文制备单层膜和激光高反膜,明确单层膜应力机制,以此研究不同膜系高反膜的应力情况及其面型变化,通过增加压应力补偿层减小面型变化,为制备微变型激光高反镜提供方法。方法 从理论上分析单层膜残余应力机制,采用等效参考温度的方法代替光学薄膜本征应力的效果,通过仿真方法得到薄膜的本征应力。使用有限元分析和试验方法研究激光高反膜的残余应力情况。以单层膜试验为依据,使用等效参考温度、生死单元和载荷步技术,仿真分析多层膜–基系统的残余应力分布及其面型变化。采用电子束热蒸发技术制备不同的高反膜,通过Zygo激光干涉仪测试其镀膜前后的面型,分析基底初始面型、膜料和膜系对高反镜面型的影响。结果 仿真发现,多层膜–基系统残余应力呈现层状分布,从基底到膜层由拉应力变为压应力,再由压应力变为拉应力。在残余应力作用下,整个多层膜–基系统呈凹形,位移呈环状分布。对于TiO2/SiO2组合,通过分析对比不同膜系下对应每一层膜层的残余应力及其对整体面型的影响,发现膜系G│(HL)10H2L│A比 G│(HL)10H│A面型的变化更小。试验发现,通过增加压应力补偿层使得高反膜的残余应力减小,高反镜(熔石英基底,?30 mm×2 mm)的面型基本没有变化(ΔPV=0.004λ),这与仿真结果一致。结论 熔石英基底上TiO2、HfO2、H4和SiO2的本征应力在残余应力中起主导作用,TiO2、HfO2和H4一般表现为拉应力,SiO2表现为压应力。不同膜料组合的高反膜体系均表现为压应力。膜系G│(HL)10H2L│A比G│(HL)10H│A残余应力和面型变化更小,其残余应力为-39.70 MPa,比不加补偿层减小了22.26 MPa,面型基本没有变化。当加2L应力补偿层时,在满足光谱特性的基础上可以平衡多层膜整体残余应力。  相似文献   

12.
    
Increasingly the market offers new and used equipment spray booths with cross-recuperators. An attempt is made here to model the heat recovery efficiency decrease in spray booths and a preliminary theoretical analysis is presented. The heat recovery reduction is due to overspray particles deposited within the extraction ducts and heat exchanger walls. The average filtration efficiency degree of the paint stop filters is 93–97%. Filters do not provide complete cleaning of the air from the overspray particles and the growing sediment layer on the recuperator walls is a good thermal insulator. Studies of the deposit layer formation intensity and its thermal conductivity are ongoing.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Si3N4 ceramic matrix composites reinforced by carbon fibres (Cf/Si3N4) were prepared by low pressure chemical vapour infiltration at 1250°C using SiCl4 and NH3 as precursor. The as prepared Cf/Si3N4 composites were ablated to determine the mechanism of the ablation resistance and oxidisation resistance by oxyacetylene torch at 2200°C. The morphology and microstructure of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The phase compositions of the composites were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the matrix of the Cf/Si3N4 composites was composed of the amorphous Si3N4 and nanometre α-Si3N4. A central ablation region and a ring oxidisation region appeared on the surface of the as ablated Cf/Si3N4 composites. Sublimation of the Si3N4 matrix and oxidation of the carbon fibres are the main ablation behaviours in the central region. Oxidation of the Si3N4 matrix and deposition of SiO2 particles are the main ablation behaviour in the ring region. A large number of SiO2 liquid droplets produced during ablation were retained and formed spherical solid particles on the surface of the ring region after ablation. For the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the carbon fibres and the Si3N4 matrix, Si3N4 matrix was cracked under the thermal impact of the oxyacetylene flame. With the passive oxidation of the as cracked surface, the continuous SiO2 liquid was formed in the ring region. Subsequently, some residual Si3N4 particles were covered by transparent SiO2 layer to form an amber-like microstructure.  相似文献   

14.
针对金泥王水湿法处理过程中产生的王水渣,探索了使用氨水处理,然后氯化分金。结果表明,采用氨水分银-氯化分金全湿法工艺处理王水渣,具有工艺流程简单、金银损耗少等特点,银直收率可95%,金直收率98%,金银总回收率均99.8%以上。  相似文献   

15.
    
The thermal processes proceeding in the casting-mould system are analysed. Solidification process can be described in the different ways. One of them consists in the application of the Fourier–Kirchhoff equation in which the source function controlling the phase change is introduced. In this paper, two approaches to the modelling of pure metals solidification, i.e. the solidification proceeding at the constant temperature and in the artificially introduced interval of temperature are considered. Numerical model used at the stage of computations is constructed using the Control Volume Method in which the principle of conservation of energy (taking also into account the release of latent heat of solidification) is applied to each control volume ensuring the correctness of the model. The use of Voronoi/Thiessen tessellation to the discretization of the casting-mould system can accurately reproduce the shape of each sub-domain. In the final part of the paper, the examples of computations are shown.  相似文献   

16.
Precipitate shapes in nickel-base superalloys vary substantially with alloy composition, partitioning of elements to the disordered gamma matrix and the ordered gamma prime precipitates and the degree of coarsening during elevated temperature exposures. These shapes, which vary from spherical to cuboidal to rod-like, have typically not been quantified in Ni-base alloys containing relatively high γ′ volume fractions, in spite of their importance to mechanical properties. Precipitate shapes in a series of new platinum group metal (PGM)-containing Ni-base alloys have been quantified by their two-dimensional moment invariants. Precipitate morphologies were characterized in a total of 17 PGM-containing alloys in the solution treated and aged condition. The average γ′ volume fraction was measured as 0.60, typical of highly creep resistant Ni-base alloys. PGM additions resulted in an unusually large range of precipitate shapes. Precipitate morphologies were quantitatively analyzed using a shape parameter derived from the absolute moment invariant. For the compositions examined, the shape parameter reaches a maximum value at a precipitate-matrix misfit magnitude of 0.4%. A large set of commercial single crystals exhibits the same range in shape parameter values around this misfit magnitude, suggesting that favorable high temperature properties are correlated with an optimum precipitate shape.  相似文献   

17.
本文建立了一种使用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)对高含量银饰品中22种杂质元素测定的检测方法,实现了对高纯银饰品的准确、高效、绿色环保的近无损测试。通过对Mg、Al、Ti、Cr和Mn等5个目标元素的测试,计算出当激光剥蚀系统能量密度为12.5 J/cm2、剥蚀孔径为90 μm、脉冲频率为10 Hz时为最优参数,目标元素的信号强度和稳定性达到最优。使用系列银标准样品建立工作曲线,对待测高含量银饰品进行测试。该方法的检出限为0.001~0.827 μg/g,各杂质元素的精密度在3%~25%之间,测试结果与ICP-AES的数据相吻合。  相似文献   

18.
概述了当前小推力液体火箭发动机用铱/铼材料体系研究和应用进展。随着对发动机性能要求的提高,研制出耐高温性能更好、质量更轻的新型铱/铼材料体系,并将它们应用于发动机燃烧室的制造是提高发动机技术水平的有效途径。  相似文献   

19.
The site preference of Fe in Cr23−xFexC6 is investigated based on the interatomic potentials obtained by the lattice inversion method. The calculated results show that Fe atoms preferentially substitute for Cr at 4a sites first and then 8c sites. The structural parameters of Cr23−xFexC6 with content x are calculated and the results are consistent with experimental results. The calculated cohesive energies indicate that the increase in x value is accompanied by the decrease in the stability of Cr23−xFexC6. The thermodynamic properties of Cr23C6, such as the phonon density of states and vibrational entropy, as well as the bulk modulus of Cr23−xFexC6 are evaluated. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results. This work provides a simple and promising method for studying the properties of carbides with complex structures.  相似文献   

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