无霜空气源热泵系统除湿与再生工况?分析

为解决传统空气源热泵系统冬季的结霜问题,同时提升夏季机组的性能,本文提出一种"一塔三用"的无霜空气源热泵系统。通过搭建实验台研究了在除湿工况下的空气温度、含湿量、质量流量及溶液温度、质量流量、质量浓度,在再生工况下的溶液质量浓度、温度对溶液塔进出口空气?、除湿?(再生?)、系统输入输出?及?效的影响。结果表明:除湿工况下,除湿?随空气温度、空气质量流量、溶液质量流量的增加以及空气含湿量、溶液温度、溶液质量浓度的减少而增加;系统的?效随空气温度、含湿量、质量流量及溶液质量流量、质量浓度的增加以及溶液温度的减少而增加,其中空气含湿量、溶液质量浓度对?效影响较小,此模式?效最高可达0. 201。再生工况下,再生?随溶液质量浓度、温度的增加而增加;系统?效随溶液质量浓度的增加、溶液温度的减少而增加,其中溶液温度对?效影响较小,此模式?效最高可达0. 108 8。该系统?效率在实验工况下高于常规空气源热泵系统。     

利用冷凝热再生低浓度除湿溶液的实验研究

为了获得系统重要运行参数对利用冷凝热实现低浓度除湿溶液再生性能的影响,本文在热泵驱动溶液除湿空调系统实验平台上,以低浓度的Li Cl水溶液作为再生盐溶液,再生量和冷凝热利用率作为再生性能的评价指标,对利用冷凝热实现溶液再生过程进行了实验研究。结果表明:空气流量、温度和溶液流量、温度的增加都有利于提高再生量。在夏季典型工况下,当溶液浓度为21.20%~24.91%时,冷凝热利用率在0.416~0.507波动,降低溶液浓度有利于提高冷凝热利用率。并根据实验数据拟合出了利用冷凝热再生除湿溶液过程中的耦合传热传质系数关联式,为后续如何在溶液再生过程中充分利用冷凝热提供了实验依据。     

大容量螺杆式无霜空气源热泵系统特性研究

本文提出一种利用螺杆式压缩机余热进行辅助解吸的无霜空气源热泵系统,建立了一套余热回收无霜空气源热泵数学模型,并实验验证了模型的准确性,分析了环境温度、相对湿度、解吸循环空气温度和质量流量等参数对系统的影响.结果表明:该系统的余热量占解吸所需总能量的比例最高可达0.61;COP受解吸循环空气温度与质量流量的影响较小,受空...     

叉流再生器性能试验研究

搭建叉流再生器性能试验台,利用Celdek规整填料作为气液接触介质,再生剂选用LiCl-H2O溶液,选取再生量和再生效率作为再生性能的评价指标。试验分析空气、溶液进口参数对再生性能的影响,并利用试验数据建立适用于LiCl-H2O溶液的再生效率和传质系数的试验关联式。最后将试验结果与文献中的相关结果进行比较,结果表明:不同的再生剂对再生性能的影响基本相同;当溶液浓度较低时(LiCl-H2O溶液≤32%),使用LiCl-H2O溶液比使用LiBr-H2O溶液的再生量大,而溶液浓度较高时,情况反之。     

基于热管传热的除湿溶液真空再生过程实验研究

溶液再生是溶液除湿的一个关键过程,其效率直接影响整个系统的性能。本文设计了一种利用热管传热传递(40～80℃)电厂低温余热驱动除湿溶液再生的装置,并对质量分数为30%～45%的氯化钙除湿溶液进行再生实验,以水分一次分离率作为衡量溶液再生性能的指标。结果表明:利用热管传热可以实现40～80℃低位热源在真空环境下高效再生氯化钙除湿溶液;再生溶液微小流量时真空再生器内的平衡压力主要受冷却水温度制约,温度越低压力越低;水分一次分离率均随热源温度的提高而提高,当热源温度由60℃提高到70℃,呈跳跃式显著增加;由于氯化钙溶液特殊的吸水性分子结构,溶度逐渐升高时会明显减弱水分一次分离率,可通过控制降膜速度显著改善水分一次分离率。     

具有预凝功能的新型热源塔运行性能的实验研究

为解决现有开式热源塔冬季运行时塔内溶液吸湿量大而影响系统运行安全的缺陷,本文设计了一种具有预凝功能的新型热源塔结构,分析了新型塔的运行过程,并对比研究了新型塔和普通塔在不同进口溶液温度、空气流量和溶液流量下的运行性能。实验结果表明,新型塔具有更强的换热性能和更低的溶液吸湿性。进口溶液温度由1℃上升到3℃时,新型塔的换热量相比于普通塔增加了0.62~0.24 k W,溶液吸湿量平均减少了0.13 g/s;空气流量由1.41 kg/s升高到2.17 kg/s,新型塔的换热量相比于普通塔增加了0.79~0.84 k W,溶液再生量平均增加了0.1 g/s;溶液流量由0.36 kg/s升高到0.68 kg/s,新型塔的换热量相比于普通塔增加了0.57~0.63 k W,溶液吸湿量平均减少了0.11 g/s。     

液体除湿空调再生传质特性的实验研究

分析了液体除湿空调再生过程热质交换的耦合特性,并提出了提高再生过程热质交换性能的措施,在此基础建立了液体除湿空调系统,其中再生器采用逆流式填料塔,在填料塔设置中间加热器,利用排风进行再生。使用氯化锂作为除湿剂,实验分析了影响再生传质性能的主要因素以及提高再生性能措施的有效性,结果表明：再生溶液温度、流量以及空气流量对再生传质量的影响比较显著,为了保证一定的再生量,溶液温度一般不低于60℃;采用室内排风再生和再热器再热均增强了再生过程传质势,提高了再生量。     

液体除湿剂超声波雾化再生器模型及能耗特性

本文对超声波雾化再生技术进行相关理论研究,在一定假设前提下,建立了超声波雾化再生器模型,并进行实验验证;提出除湿溶液再生能效指标——比能耗(SEC),模拟分析了进口溶液温度和质量浓度、再生空气温度和湿度对超声波雾化再生器能效特性的影响。研究表明:1)较低的溶液进口温度有利于提升溶液再生器的能效,但溶液进口温度的下限值应满足溶液再生后的使用条件要求;2)溶液再生SEC随除湿溶液质量浓度的增加而明显增大,当溶液质量浓度从0.28增加至0.33时,溶液单位再生量的能耗将提高近40%;3)较高的再生空气温度将导致溶液再生能效下降,当再生空气由30℃加热至41℃时,溶液的再生SEC从3.263 kJ/g增加至4.629 kJ/g;4)较高的再生空气湿度将导致较高的再生能耗,当进口再生空气含湿量从10 g/(kg干空气)增至28 g/(kg干空气)时,溶液再生SEC从3.23 kJ/g增至10.56 kJ/g。     

一种蜂窝纸砖填料用于除湿液体再生过程的实验研究

本文设计出一种采用新型蜂窝状"纸砖"砌成的填料塔,用来进行除湿溶液在一定工况下与空气的再生试验.在控制溶液浓度、流量以及进口空气状态的条件下,分别研究了空气流量、溶液温度以及填料层高度对溶液再生性能的影响趋势,并分析了各因素对再生性能的控制机理.通过对试验数据的整理,得到了几种填料厚度下平均Sh数的变化规律.     

无霜空气源热泵系统喷淋溶液质量及浓度变化规律研究

本文提出了无霜空气源热泵系统及其工作过程,根据提出的无霜空气源热泵的原理,进行了喷淋溶液的筛选。分析目前常用的除湿溶液,主要从蒸汽压力、凝固点、粘度、经济性等方面对常用的有机除湿溶液进行比较,最后确定丙三醇（甘油）作为室外换热器的喷淋溶液。通过比较不同溶液浓度和流量对除湿性能及机组性能的影响来找到合理的喷淋溶液的浓度和喷淋溶液的流量。然后使用这个浓度和流量在不同的室外气候条件下向室外换热器喷淋除湿溶液,分析不同室外条件对除湿效果和抑制结霜效果的影响,整理出室外风机风量、室内供热量、输入功率、COP、喷淋溶液截留的水量等参数的变化。最后通过实验数据分析喷淋溶液集中再生的条件,分析不同地区喷淋溶液集中再生的可行性及不同地区集中再生需要的稀溶液罐和浓溶液罐体积,为无霜空气源热泵的应用提供参考。     

Experimental study on a new internally cooled/heated dehumidifier/regenerator of liquid desiccant systems

For providing good performance of dehumidifier and regenerator with certain dimensions, a new type of internally cooled/heated dehumidifier/regenerator based on the plate–fin heat exchanger (PFHE) was designed. To investigate the behavior of the new equipment, an experimental setup was established in an environment chamber with regulable temperature and humidity air. By the internally cooled dehumidification testing, effects of the cooling water temperature, the air flow rate and the desiccant temperature on the dehumidification performance and the cooling efficiency were presented. The behavior of internally cooled dehumidification process was compared with that of the adiabatic dehumidification process. The results suggested that the cooling efficiency decreased with the increasing of the cooling water temperature and desiccant with low temperature could bring more mass transfer coefficients. There is an optimal air flow rate to achieve the maximum absolute humidity decrease of the air. By the internally heated regeneration testing, effects of the air flow rate and the desiccant inlet temperature on the regeneration performance and air outlet parameters were discussed and also compared with those of the adiabatic regeneration process. It was concluded that the regeneration efficiency of internally heated regeneration was more than that of the adiabatic regeneration, and the internally heated regenerator could offer better thermal performance.     

Effect of water supply pressure on atomization characteristics and dust-reduction efficiency of internal mixing air atomizing nozzle

As a new type of nozzle, the internal mixing air atomizing nozzle has been widely used in the field of dust reduction via spraying. In this study, the effect of water supply pressure on the atomization characteristics and dust-reduction efficiency of the internal mixing air atomizing nozzle was investigated. Firstly, the FLUENT software was used to simulate the flow field inside and outside the nozzle under different water supply pressures. The numerical simulation results showed that as the water supply pressure increased, the internal pressure and water flow velocity in the mixing chamber of the nozzle increased while the air flow rate decreased sharply, resulting the continuous decrease in the relative velocity between gas and liquid. Meanwhile, as the water supply pressure increased, the fragmentation scale of the liquid jet at the outlet of the nozzle was prolonged and the atomization of the liquid was limited. Secondly, based on the custom-developed dust reduction experimental system via spraying, the atomization characteristics of the nozzle were investigated. According to the experimental results, when the water supply pressure increased, the water flow rate and air flow rate of the nozzle had exponential increase and decrease, respectively. As the water supply pressure increased, the range, droplet volume fraction, droplet size, and velocity all increased, while the atomization angle first increased and then decreased. Finally, the dust reduction experiment via spraying was performed under different water supply pressures. The results showed that with the increase of water supply pressure, the dust-reduction efficiency for both the total dust and the respirable dust first increased and then decreased.     

一种蜂窝纸毡填料用于除湿液体再生过程的实验研究

设计出一种采用新型蜂窝状“纸毡”砌成的填料塔,用来进行除湿溶液在一定工况下与空气的再生试验。在控制溶液浓度、流量以及进口空气状态的条件下,分别研究了空气流量、溶液温度以及填料层高度对溶液再生性能的影响趋势,并分析了各因素对再生性能的控制机理。通过对试验数据的整理,得到了几种填料厚度下平均Sh数的变化规律。     

SA508Gr.4N钢热变形过程微观组织演变及流变应力模型

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究Ni-Cr-Mo系低合金SA508Gr.4N钢在变形温度为850~1200℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s^-1,真应变为0.9条件下的等温热变形行为,建立包含动态回复和动态再结晶的基于物象的流变应力模型与动态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型,并提出避免粗大晶粒组织遗传性的适宜锻造工艺。结果表明:随着变形温度的升高,应变速率的降低,动态再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸逐渐增加;SA508Gr.4N钢的真应力-真应变曲线具有明显的不连续动态再结晶现象;通过实验值和模型预测值对比可得流变应力模型的相关系数(R)及平均相对误差(MRE)分别为0.998和4.76%,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型的相关系数(R)及平均相对误差(MRE)分别为0.991和8.69%,两个模型均具有较高的准确性。     

Mathematical model and performance analysis of a novel outside evaporative cooling liquid desiccant dehumidifier

A numerical model of a novel outside evaporative cooling liquid desiccant dehumidifier (OECD) was developed and the effects of inlet parameters, including the inlet temperature and relative humidity of dehumidified air and evaporative cooling (EC) air, as well as the inlet mass flow rate of solution and so on, on the device performances were investigated in this paper. The results show that as the inlet temperature of solution increased from 31 to 42 °C, the moisture removal rates of OECD were increased by 14.0–18.0% and 31.1–101.5% compared to the non-evaporative cooling dehumidifier (NECD) and the adiabatic dehumidifier respectively, whereas the dehumidification rate was only decreased by about 1.6% with increase in the inlet temperature of LiCl solution from 24 to 44 °C. All these results can provide guidance for the structural design and performance analysis of the dehumidifier in the future.     

Investigation of turbulent heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a double pipe heat exchanger

In present study, heat transfer and turbulent flow of water/alumina nanofluid in a parallel as well as counter flow double pipe heat exchanger have been investigated. The governing equations have been solved using an in-house FORTRAN code, based on finite volume method. Single-phase and standard k-ε models have been used for nanofluid and turbulent modeling, respectively. The internal fluid has been considered as hot fluid (nanofluid) and the external fluid, cold fluid (base fluid). The effects of nanoparticles volume fraction, flow direction and Reynolds number on base fluid, nanofluid and wall temperatures, thermal efficiency, Nusselt number and convection heat transfer coefficient have been studied. The results indicated that increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction or Reynolds number causes enhancement of Nusselt number and convection heat transfer coefficient. Maximum rate of average Nusselt number and thermal efficiency enhancement are 32.7% and 30%, respectively. Also, by nanoparticles volume fraction increment, the outlet temperature of fluid and wall temperature increase. Study the minimum temperature in the solid wall of heat exchangers, it can be observed that the minimum temperature in counter flow has significantly reduced, compared to parallel flow. However, by increasing Reynolds number, the slope of thermal efficiency enhancement of heat exchanger gradually tends to a constant amount. This behavior is more obvious in parallel flow heat exchangers. Therefore, using of counter flow heat exchangers is recommended in higher Reynolds numbers.     

多级矩阵结构冷却除湿器的除湿性能研究

为了降低空分系统压缩机功耗,提高压缩机运行可靠性,本文提出一种用于压缩机进气除湿的多级矩阵结构的冷却除湿器,并搭建了多级冷却除湿实验台,测试了除湿器的除湿性能。实验结果表明,在进口空气含湿量和温度固定为11.7 g/(kg干空气)和24.4 ℃时,当空气质量流量由0.48 kg/s增至0.78 kg/s,空气出口含湿量由7.1 g/(kg干空气)增至7.7 g/(kg干空气);在进口空气质量流量和温度固定为0.53 kg/s和25.2 ℃时,当冷却水温度由6.9 ℃升至11.9 ℃,空气出口含湿量由7.1 g/(kg干空气)增至9.4 g/(kg干空气)。同时,建立了除湿器内部传热传质过程的稳态数值模型,将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明,该模型对于除湿器出口空气含湿量和温度的平均误差分别为8.6%和2.1%,显示出较好的可靠性。进一步模拟研究了多级矩阵结构与单级叉流结构冷却除湿器的除湿性能,发现采用多级结构可以有效提高除湿效率,在进口空气流量和冷却水质量流量分别为0.53 kg/s和0.3 kg/s时,多级结构的除湿量可以提高4.3%,除湿效率可以提高2.5%;通过增加填料模块的长度,可以提高除湿效率。当长方体填料模块体积固定为0.054 m3,模块长度由0.14 m增至0.28 m时,传质系数可由4.3 g/(m2?s)增至6.5 g/(m2?s),除湿效率由66.4%升至79.2%。