乳源性复合益生菌对CT-26荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用研究

为研究4种乳源性复合益生菌对CT-26荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的影响,将结肠癌CT-26细胞接种于BALB/C小鼠腋下建立CT-26实体瘤模型。成瘤后随机分为模型组、复合益生菌低剂量组、复合益生菌高剂量组以及5-氟尿嘧啶组,另取正常BALB/C小鼠为正常对照,每组10只。连续给药21 d后,称量肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏重量,并计算抑瘤率、脾脏系数、胸腺系数,HE染色观察小鼠肿瘤组织病理变化,FCM分析荷瘤小鼠T细胞亚群的比例,免疫荧光观察瘤组织Foxp3+Tregs浸润密度,Elisa检测荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ。结果显示乳源性复合益生菌能够减缓CT-26荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.05),显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提高CD4+T、CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值（P<0.05,P<0.01）,降低CD8+T细胞数量（P<0.05）,降低Tregs细胞浸润密度,并升高血清中IL-2、IFN-γ等Th1型细胞因子变化(P<0.05),降低IL-10等Th2型细胞因子的表达（P<0.05）。结果表明乳...     

乳铁蛋白对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫失衡的保护作用

探讨乳铁蛋白对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫失衡的保护作用。Balb/c小鼠随机分为6组,正常对照组,模型对照组,乳铁蛋白组(5、25、50、500 mg/kg)。连续灌胃给药27 d,第27天给药后除正常对照组外,其他小鼠均腹腔注射环磷酰胺80 mg/kg,继续灌胃至第30天,末次给药24 h后,放射免疫分析方法测定各组小鼠外周血CD4+T、CD8+T细胞。酶联免疫分析方法检测血清细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4,IL-10的变化。与正常对照组相比,模型小鼠外周血CD4+T、CD8+T百分率明显增加;血清IFN-γ明显降低(p<0.01),IL-4明显增高(p<0.05),IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显下降(p<0.01);乳铁蛋白25、50、500 mg小鼠外周血CD4+T、CD8+T细胞百分率明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。乳铁蛋白500 mg组小鼠血清IFN-γ较模型组明显增高(p<0.05),乳铁蛋白50、500 mg小鼠血清IFN-γ/IL-4比值趋于正常。乳铁蛋白能不同程度修复环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫失衡状态,具有免疫保护作用。     

荔枝果肉乙酸乙酯粗提物对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响

本研究分析荔枝果肉乙酸乙酯部粗提物对小鼠细胞因子分泌的作用,进而探讨其对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响。将30只BALB/C小鼠随机分成对照组(生理盐水)、乙酸乙酯部粗提物低剂量和高剂量组(4.6、9.2 mg/kg.bw.d),连续灌胃7 d,观察各组小鼠的胸腺和脾脏指数变化以及脾细胞增殖情况,用ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞以及血清分泌IFN-γ和IL-4的含量以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值。实验结果表明:乙酸乙酯部粗提物高剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数显著提高。乙酸乙酯部粗提物低、高剂量都能显著提高小鼠脾细胞和血清IFN-γ分泌水平,同时,高剂量组小鼠脾细胞和血清IL-4的分泌水平也显著提高。低、高剂量的乙酸乙酯部粗提物都能显著提高小鼠脾细胞和血清IFN-γ/IL-4的比值。荔枝果肉乙酸乙酯部粗提物诱导Thl/Th2平衡向Th1方向漂移,可能进而诱导机体的炎症性反应。     

螺旋藻多糖抗H22肿瘤作用研究

以螺旋藻多糖为研究对象,探讨其体内抗H22肿瘤作用及机理。采用双酶方法提取螺旋藻多糖。小鼠腋下接种H22肝癌细胞建立动物模型,以1 000 mg/kg/d灌胃给药。通过瘤重及抑瘤率测定、胸腺指数(TI)及脾脏指数(SI)测定、脾细胞增殖能力测定、NK细胞杀伤活性测定、吞噬细胞吞噬能力测定、小鼠血清TNF-α和IFN-γ测定等研究其抗H22肿瘤作用和机理。给药组抑瘤率达74.53%,提高了胸腺、脾脏指数、NK细胞杀伤活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,增加了血清中TNF-α和IFN-γ的含量,小鼠免疫系统得到有效保护,加强了抗H22肿瘤作用。螺旋藻多糖抗H22肿瘤效果明显,在保护免疫系统及提高免疫力方面起到了很好的作用。     

黑酵母β-1,3-1,6-葡聚糖对小鼠肿瘤及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨黑酵母β-1,3-1,6-葡聚糖对S180腹水移植瘤荷鼠瘤体生长以及免疫功能的影响。方法:建立BALB/c小鼠S180腹水移植瘤模型,每日给予β-1,3-1,6-葡聚糖干预,并测量瘤体积。21d后,检测小鼠血清中10种细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α、TNF-β和G-CSF的水平,以及CD4、CD8、补体C3、IgG和IgM的含量。结果:β-1,3-1,6-葡聚糖能显著抑制S180移植瘤的生长(P<0.01)。与空白对照组比较,多糖灌胃组小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、TNF-α、TNF-β、IFN-γ和G-CSF水平显著上升(P<0.01,P<0.05)。CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、补体C3、IgG和IgM含量也明显增加(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:β-1,3-1,6葡聚糖对S180腹水移植瘤生长具有明显抑制作用,其机制可能是通过促进细胞免疫和体液免疫的功能而实现的。     

重楼叶多糖改善D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠脾脏免疫功能和抗氧化能力

采用D-半乳糖注射诱导衰老模型,探讨了重楼叶多糖（PPLPs）对小鼠脾脏免疫功能和抗氧化的影响。分别对小鼠D-半乳糖、D-半乳糖和PPLPs、D-半乳糖和VC以及生理盐水处理,持续42 d。结果显示:与模型组相比,灌胃PPLPs或VC均能显著增加小鼠脾脏指数（p<0.05）,显著上调脾脏免疫相关基因（T-bet、GATA、IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-10）m RNA表达水平（p<0.05）,也显著增强了脾脏总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu Zn-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性（p<0.05）;同时,灌胃PPLPs或VC显著降低了脾脏丙二醛（MDA）含量（p<0.05）。结果表明,PPLPs可增强脾脏免疫功能并提高小鼠的抗氧化活性。      

卵转铁蛋白对免疫低下小鼠Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响

目的:研究卵转铁蛋白(OVT)对免疫低下模型小鼠的免疫平衡恢复作用。方法:将健康小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组及OVT高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组,每组10只。OVT高、中、低剂量组分别以10、1、0.1mg/mL的OVT溶液每天灌胃,灌胃量为20mL/(kg.d)(以体质量计)。模型组对照组和正常对照组灌胃生理盐水20mL/(kg.d)。连续灌胃15d,于第15天灌胃后注射环磷酰胺(正常对照组除外),继续灌胃至第19天(由模型决定)进行检测。测定血清中IFN-γ和IL-4含量、IFN-γ/IL-4比值以及脾脏和胸腺指数。结果:模型对照组小鼠血清IFN-γ的浓度和IFN-γ/IL-4比值与正常对照组相比明显降低(P<0.01);高剂量组小鼠血清IFN-γ的浓度和IFN-γ/IL-4比值显著高于模型对照组(P<0.01),与正常对照组比较,无显著性差异;高剂量组的脾脏指数和胸腺指数与模型对照组相比明显提高(P<0.01)。结论:OVT能修复由环磷酰胺所致免疫低下模型小鼠的体液和细胞免疫失衡,增强免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

黄芪和麦冬复合多糖对TNBS诱导结肠炎大鼠的改善作用研究

目的:探讨黄芪和麦冬复合多糖对TNBS（三硝基苯磺酸）诱导的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的改善作用及其可能机制。方法:将40只SPF级SD大鼠按体重随机分为四组,分别为空白对照组、TNBS模型组、柳氮磺吡啶对照组、黄芪和麦冬复合多糖组。空白对照组不造模,其余三组用TNBS溶液灌肠制作溃疡性结肠炎模型后,空白对照组给予0.9%氯化钠溶液,柳氮磺吡啶对照组给予柳氮磺吡啶混悬液（150 mg/kg）,黄芩和麦冬复方多糖组给予复合多糖（300 mg/kg）,连续给药14 d。给药后评估大鼠体重增长情况、大鼠疾病活动指数（DAI）;计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数,观察结肠大体和组织学损伤情况;测定血清细胞因子TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10含量。结果:与空白对照组比较,TNBS模型组动物体重、胸腺重量均明显减少（p<0.05）,DAI、脾脏重量、结肠大体和组织学损伤评分均显著升高（p<0.05）,血清TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6水平明显升高（p<0.05）,IL-10水平明显下降（p<0.05）。与TNBS模型组比较,柳氮磺吡啶对照组、黄芩和麦冬复合多糖治疗组体重、胸腺重量均明显增加,DAI、脾脏重量、结肠大体和组织学损伤评分均显著降低,血清TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6水平明显下降（p<0.05）,IL-10水平明显升高（p<0.05）。结论:黄芪与麦冬复合多糖对TNBS诱导的大鼠结肠炎具有一定的改善作用,这可能与抑制促炎性因子（TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6）和刺激抗炎性因子（IL-10）的释放有关。      

普洱茶对主要发炎和抗炎细胞因子的影响

目的:观察及评价不同年份普洱茶通过不同给药途径对小鼠血清中IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-1 β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-4水平的影响,进而研究普洱茶对免疫系统的调节作用.方法:通过灌胃、腹腔注射、尾静脉注射三种途径分别给小鼠当年普洱茶茶和30年普洱茶,灌胃组在给药4h后眼球取血,腹腔注射和尾静脉注射组在给药3h后眼球取血,分离血清,采用ELISA法检测血清中IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-4的含量.结果:实验组三种给药途径对小鼠血清中IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-1 β、TNF-α、IL-10、IL-4与对照组相比都有显著性差异;给药组小鼠血清中IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-4含量明显高于相应的对照组,TNF-α、IL-1 β含量显著低于对照组.三种给药途径中,腹腔注射普洱茶对细胞因子的影响最为显著.结论:不同年代的普洱茶对细胞因子的影响效果不同,普洱茶的免疫调节等一系列生物功能可能是通过对肠粘膜系统中免疫细胞产生的细胞因子的影响发挥的.     

牛磺酸对顺铂所致H22荷瘤小鼠免疫器官及淋巴细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：研究牛磺酸对顺铂化疗荷瘤小鼠免疫器官和淋巴细胞损伤的保护作用。方法：H22荷瘤小鼠随机分为5 组：模型对照组、顺铂（1.5 mg/（kg·d））化疗组、顺铂＋高剂量（640 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组、顺铂＋中剂量（320 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组和顺铂＋低剂量（160 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组,末次用药24 h后眼球放血处死小鼠,测定小鼠体质量、瘤质量、脾脏指数、胸腺指数以及血清白细胞介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（interferon-γ,IFN-γ）水平,胸腺依赖性淋巴细胞（thymusdependent lymphocyte,T细胞）、骨髓依赖性淋巴细胞（bone marrow dependent lymphocyte,B细胞）增殖能力的变化情况。结果：顺铂化疗组小鼠体质量和瘤质量均明显低于模型对照组,抑瘤率为36%,顺铂＋中、高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的体质量显著高于顺铂化疗组,抑瘤率分别达到51%和68%;顺铂化疗组小鼠的脾脏质量和脾脏指数明显低于模型对照组,而顺铂＋各剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的脾脏质量和脾脏指数均高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂化疗组小鼠的胸腺质量和胸腺指数明显低于模型对照组,顺铂＋高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的胸腺质量和胸腺指数明显高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂化疗组小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌水平明显低于模型对照组（P＜0.01）;而顺铂＋各剂量牛磺酸组血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平均高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂可明显抑制荷瘤小鼠对丝裂原刺激的T细胞和B细胞的增殖,顺铂＋高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的T细胞刺激指数明显高于顺铂化疗组（P＜0.05）;而顺铂＋低、中剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的B细胞刺激指数则高于顺铂化疗组。结论：牛磺酸可协同顺铂发挥抑制肿瘤的作用,其机制与保护顺铂导致的动物免疫器官和淋巴细胞功能损伤有关。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press