基于运动分割的视频去模糊

针对目前视频去模糊方法难以处理大幅度相对运动模糊,并且很难得到在时间和空间都保持一致性的去模糊结果的问题,提出基于运动分割的视频去模糊方法.基于视频序列清晰程度不同的前提下,用视频中的清晰块恢复模糊帧.根据模糊帧与其相邻的清晰帧的光流信息,将2帧之间存在的相对运动分割为独立的处理对象;不同运动对象分别估计模糊函数,并利用该模糊函数将清晰帧模糊处理;对模糊帧中的每一块区域,在被模糊处理后的帧中查找最相似的区域,利用对应清晰区域替换模糊区域;不同区域之间采用纹理融合,重建出清晰帧,实现对视频中大幅度相对运动去模糊.该方法基于并行思想设计和实现,利用GPU并行能力完成加速.实验结果证明,采用该方法不仅速度快,而且有效地解决了视频中大幅度相对运动模糊,并可以保持运动对象纹理结构的完整性.     

基于深度体素流的模糊视频插帧方法

针对视频运动模糊严重影响插帧效果的情况,提出了一种新型的模糊视频插帧方法。首先,提出一种多任务融合卷积神经网络,该网络结构由两个模块组成：去模糊模块和插帧模块。其中,去模糊模块采用残差块堆叠的深度卷积神经网络（CNN）,提取并学习深度模糊特征以实现两帧输入图像的运动模糊去除;插帧模块用于估计帧间的体素流,所得体素流将用于指导像素进行三线性插值以合成中间帧。其次,制作了大型模糊视频仿真数据集,并提出一种先分后合、由粗略至细致的训练策略,实验结果表明该策略促进了多任务网络有效收敛。最后,对比前沿的去模糊和插帧算法组合,实验指标显示所提方法合成中间帧时峰值信噪比最少提高1.41 dB,结构相似性提升0.020,插值误差降低1.99。视觉对比及重制序列展示表明,所提模型对于模糊视频有着显著的帧率上转换效果,即能够将两帧模糊视频帧端对端重制为清晰且视觉连贯的三帧视频帧。     

基于轻量级GAN的实时视频图像去模糊模型

由于手持拍摄设备抖动或目标运动等原因,使得视频图像资料产生运动模糊问题,降低了人类的感知质量.针对该问题从原来如何处理得到清晰图像,到现在如何高效快捷的获得清晰图像,提出了一种基于轻量级GAN(Generative Adversarial Network)的实时视频图像去模糊新模型.该模型通过定义PatchGAN作为判别网络,并在其基础上设置了全局图像和局部特征的双尺度判别器;生成网络以轻量级MobileNetV3为主干网并引入特征金字塔进行特征提取,以解决判别网络中特征信息利用率低以及生成网络推理效率慢的问题.该模型采用端到端的方式对视频图像进行快速高效去模糊.经过在GoPro和Kohler数据集上进行实验,结果表明该模型去模糊后的锐利图像具有较高的峰值信噪比和结构相似度,同时比其他模型的推理速度提高了1.7-127倍.     

深度特征融合注意力与双尺度的运动去模糊

目的 拍摄运动物体时,图像易出现运动模糊,这将影响计算机视觉任务的完成。为提升运动图像去模糊的质量,提出了基于深度特征融合注意力的双尺度去运动模糊网络。方法 首先,设计了双尺度网络,在网络结构上设计高低尺度通路,在低尺度上增加对模糊区域的注意力,在高尺度上提升网络的高频细节恢复能力,增强了模型去模糊效果。其次,设计了深度特征融合注意力模块,通过融合全尺度特征、构建通道注意力,将编码的全尺度特征与解码的同级特征进行拼接融合,进一步增强了网络的去模糊性能和细节恢复能力。最后,在双尺度的基础上,引入多尺度损失,使模型更加关注高频细节的恢复。结果 在3个数据集上,与12种去模糊方法进行了对比实验。在GoPro数据集上得到了最优结果,相比SRN （scale-recurrent network）方法,平均峰值信噪比提升了2.29 dB,能够恢复出更多的细节信息。在Kohler数据集上,得到了最高的峰值信噪比（29.91 dB）。在Lai数据集上,视觉上有最好的去模糊效果。结论 实验结果表明,本文方法可以有效去除运动模糊并恢复细节。     

基于运动估计与回溯自适应正交匹配追踪的视频压缩传感

为了解决传统视频压缩传感方法中对视频逐帧单独重构所产生的图像模糊,将压缩传感理论与MPEG标准视频编码的相关技术相结合,提出了一种基于运动估计与运动补偿的视频压缩传感方法,以消除视频信号在空域和时域上的冗余。该方法在充分考虑视频序列时域相关性的同时,首先对视频图像进行前、后向和双向预测和补偿,然后采用回溯自适应正交匹配追踪(BAOMP)算法,对运动预测残差进行重构,最后实现当前帧的重构。实验结果表明,该方法较逐帧重构的视频图像质量有较大改善,且可获得更高的峰值信噪比。     

融合空间域和频率域信息的图像去模糊

现有的图像去模糊方法通常直接采用图像的空间域或频率域信息恢复清晰图像, 忽略了空间域信息和频率域信息的互补性. 利用图像的空间域信息可以有效地恢复物体结构, 而利用图像的频率域信息可以有效地恢复纹理细节. 本文提出了一种简单、有效的图像去模糊框架, 可以充分利用图像的空间域和频率域信息, 产生高质量的清晰图像. 首先采用两个结构相同但独立的网络分别从图像的空间域和频率域中学习模糊图像到清晰图像的映射关系; 然后使用一个单独的融合网络, 充分融合空间域和频率域的图像信息, 进一步提升清晰图像的质量. 3个网络链接形成一个端到端的、可学习的大网络, 不同网络之间相互影响, 通过联合优化最终得到高质量的清晰图像. 在公共图像去模糊数据集GoPro、Kohler以及RWBI上, 本文方法的峰值信噪比、结构相似度、平均绝对误差3个指标都优于9个先进的图像去模糊方法. 大量的实验结果验证了本文提出的融合空间域和频率域信息的图像去模糊方法的有效性.     

基于主动判别机制的自适应生成对抗网络图像去模糊算法

针对现有图像去模糊算法在处理边缘丢失时出现弥散和伪影以及在视频处理中使用全帧去模糊方式导致不满足实时性需求的问题，提出一种基于主动判别机制的自适应生成对抗网络图像去模糊（ADBGAN）算法。首先，提出一种自适应模糊判别机制，开发了自适应模糊处理网络模块对输入图像进行模糊先验判断。在采集到输入时提前判断输入图像的模糊程度，从而剔除足够清晰的输入帧以提升算法运行效率。然后，在精细特征提取过程中引入注意力机制中的激励环节，从而在特征提取的流程中进行权重归一化来提升网络对精细特征的恢复能力。最后，在生成器架构中改进了特征金字塔精细特征恢复结构，并采用更轻量化的特征融合流程提高运行效率。为验证算法的有效性，在开源数据集GoPro和Kohler上进行了详细的对比实验。实验结果显示，在GoPro数据集中ADBGAN的视觉保真度是尺度循环网络（SRN）算法的2.1倍，并在峰值信噪比（PSNR）上较SRN算法提升了0.762 dB，具有良好的图像信息恢复能力；在视频数据处理时间上ADBGAN大幅超越了测试的所有算法，实测处理时间较SRN减少了85.9%。ADBGAN能够高效生成信息质量更高的去模糊图像。     

基于运动补偿的视频预处理算法

针对预处理算法易在空域产生边缘模糊和在时域产生拖尾等图像扭曲现象,提出一种基于运动估计的时域滤波预处理算法。该方法通过运动补偿技术将时域滤波映射到空域进行处理,有效地去除视频序列时域不相关的细节信息,避免空域模糊和时域拖尾,达到降噪和提高编码效率的目的。实验结果表明,在同等视频质量PSNR下,该预处理算法较预处理前可降低编码码率12％-32％,同等码率下视频序列的平均PSNR值比使用空域预处理方法高4dB～9dg。     

基于对抗神经网络的增强YOLOv3模糊目标检测

针对模糊目标检测,提出一个基于生成对抗网络去模糊网络模块(Deblur)与YOLO(You Only Look Once)实时检测算法的检测网络(BL-YOLOv3).该网络采用生成对抗网络的盲目运动去模糊图像(DeblurGAN)增强的方法对图像进行预处理,保留图像中超高质量的纹理信息并生成接近于真实场景的清晰图像.同时对YOLOv3网络进行裁剪压缩,优化对模糊目标的检测.实验结果表明,该方法有效地提升了模糊目标检测精度,在输入尺寸为416×416时检测速度可达42帧/s,mAP准确率达到了75.48％,在实际汽车防碰撞预警实时视频测试中取得较好的效果.     

基于运动检测的图像去模糊算法

针对相机曝光期间,由于相机和被拍摄物体之间存在相对运动而产生的图像模糊的问题,提出一种基于运动检测的图像去模糊算法。本算法根据相机成像的数学模型,推导出模糊核的参数（长度和方向）与相对运动之间的定量关系,通过维纳滤波对图像进行滤波去模糊。通过实验,可以观察到滤波过后的图像在细节上更加清晰,表明本方法能够一定程度上地去除模糊。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.