细晶粒钛合金热影响区晶粒长大规律

细晶粒钛合金经历焊接热循环后,热影响区粗晶区晶粒具有严重的长大倾向。针对TIG焊接过程,研究了显微组织为等轴状结构的细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒长大规律,分析了晶粒粗化对粗晶区组织转变和接头硬度的影响。结果表明,母材晶粒细化引起的冷却过程中卢相变点变化,导致细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒与普通Ti-6Al-4V合金相比具有更小的长大倾向;马氏体形核率的降低导致细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区a’马氏体束在生长过程具有更强的位相性,晶界片状马氏体片层厚度和晶内马氏体板条长度随粗晶区晶粒尺寸增加明显增大;与普通Ti-6Al-4V合金相比,细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V合金粗晶区晶粒长大未引起软化问题。     

冷却速度对快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr合金组织转变规律及力学性能研究

采用单辊旋淬快速凝固设备制备了不同辊速条件下的Ti-48Al-4Cr(at.%)薄带,研究冷却速度对快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr合金的组织及力学性能变化规律。结果表明,快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr合金凝固在辊速为10m/s和20m/s时,基体为等轴的γ相,基体中含有少量的B2相、α₂相颗粒和片层组织;辊速进一步增加至30m/s时,基体转变为α₂相,片层组织消失。快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr纳米硬度随着冷却速度的增加而增加,纳米硬度由常规凝固时的5.04±0.09GPa增加至辊速为30m/s时的10.48±0.13GPa。该结果为研究TiAl合金组织转变,减小TiAl合金偏析,提高其力学性能提供了基础。     

Cr、V对多组元Ti-Al合金组织的影响

通过向Ti-44Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B合金分别添加Cr、V,研究合金化元素和热处理对合金组织的影响。结果表明,Ti-44Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B合金铸态组织由(α_2+γ)片层团、钼化物和B_2相构成;加入Cr或V后,形成Cr B相和Ti_(0.925)V_(0.075)相,片层组织得到细化;随着Cr或V的增多,B2相也增多,细化程度增强。热处理后Ti-44Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B合金为双态组织,Ti-44Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B-1Cr合金为全片层组织,Ti-44Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B-1V合金为近片层组织。Cr对α相转变温度的降低程度强于V。     

冷却速率对粗晶铸造TiAl合金显微组织的影响

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼铸造方法制备了晶粒粗大的TI-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金.通过显微组织观察,研究了在高温预处理过程中,不同淬火介质下的冷却速率对铸态合金显微组织的影响.结果表明,冷却速率明显影响了粗晶铸造Ti-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金的显微组织.快速冷却有利于后续热处理晶粒的细化,提高细化效果,加快细化的进程;冷却速率较慢则会降低细化效果,降低细化的速率.     

高铌TiAl合金与陶瓷型壳的界面反应

研究了高铌TiAl合金Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1B-0.1Y(at%)分别与Al2O3/ZrO2/Y2O3坩埚的界面反应。测得界面反应层的厚度分别为40,170和20μm。研究中最大的发现在于Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1B-0.1Y(at%)合金在3种坩埚中凝固后显微组织的转变。经测定该合金在3种坩埚中凝固获得的试样中氧含量分别为0.35,0.41和0.11(at%)。由于在合金熔化和凝固过程中,坩埚中的氧元素扩散进入合金基体,较高的氧含量导致合金显微组织发生转变,在与Al2O3和ZrO2坩埚反应的合金中发生了包晶反应。作为对比,选取一种低铌含量的TiAl合金Ti-49.5Al-2Cr-2Nb。经测定在3种坩埚中反应的氧含量分别为0.40,0.63和0.25(at%),但是组织却没有明显的差异。     

V和B元素对Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金显微组织及热变形机制的影响

为了探究V和B元素复合添加对β型γ-TiAl合金的显微组织和变形机制产生的影响,本工作针对Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金和Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B合金,进行了不同温度和应变速率条件下的高温热压缩实验,利用SEM-BSE和TEM对组织进行表征,对比分析了其变形后的显微组织,研究了添加V和B对Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金的显微组织及热变形机制的影响。结果表明,2种Ti Al合金的显微组织差异较大,添加V和B可以显著改变TiAl合金对热变形的敏感性。Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B合金高温变形能力明显优于Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金。Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金的高温热变形以难变形片层团的偏转、变形带的产生为主,温度为1250℃时,其变形组织表现出较高的温度和应变速率敏感性,极易形成尺寸不均匀的近片层组织;对于Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B合金而言,升高变形温度或降低应变速率,既可以促进片层团内部的变形诱导L(α/γ)→α+γ+β/B2和γ→α相变,又可以促进α和β/B2相的球化/动态再结晶,从而大幅提高该合金的组织均...     

Structure Heredity Effect of Mg-10Y Master Alloy in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

研究了高铌TiAl合金Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1B-0.1Y (at％)分别与Al2O3/ZrO2/Y2O3坩埚的界面反应.测得界面反应层的厚度分别为40,170和20 μm.研究中最大的发现在于Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1B-0.1Y(at％)合金在3种坩埚中凝固后显微组织的转变.经测定该合金在3种坩埚中凝固获得的试样中氧含量分别为0.35,0.41和0.11 (at％).由于在合金熔化和凝固过程中,坩埚中的氧元素扩散进入合金基体,较高的氧含量导致合金显微组织发生转变,在与Al2O3和ZrO2坩埚反应的合金中发生了包晶反应.作为对比,选取一种低铌含量的TiAl合金Ti-49.5Al-2Cr-2Nb.经测定在3种坩埚中反应的氧含量分别为0.40,0.63和0.25 (at％),但是组织却没有明显的差异.     

冷却速度对快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr合金组织转变规律及力学性能

采用单辊旋淬快速凝固设备制备了不同辊速条件下的Ti-48Al-4Cr(原子分数,%)薄带,研究冷却速度对快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr合金的组织及力学性能变化规律。结果表明,快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr合金凝固在辊速为10和20 m/s时,基体为等轴的γ相,基体中含有少量的B2相、α_2相颗粒和片层组织;辊速进一步增加至30 m/s时,基体转变为α_2相,片层组织消失。快速凝固Ti-48Al-4Cr纳米硬度随着冷却速度的增加而增加,纳米硬度由常规凝固时的5.04±0.09 GPa增加至辊速为30 m/s时的10.48±0.13 GPa。该结果为研究Ti Al合金组织转变,减少Ti Al合金偏析,提高其力学性能提供了基础。     

Ti-45Al-5Nb(-0.3Y)合金的连续冷却相变规律

冷却速度对Ti-45Al-5Nb和Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y合金连续冷却相变有较大的影响.炉冷形成全层片组织,空冷下层片形成被α→γm块状反应抑制,油冷形成了极细小的层片组织,水冷主要发生了α→α2有序化转变.空冷导致了羽毛状组织消失和α2相的增加,水冷导致α2晶界的细小层片晶团尺寸较小、数量较多.Y添加对Ti-45Al-5Nb合金连续冷却相变有较小的影响.     

TiAl预合金粉末热等静压致密化机理及热处理对微观组织的影响

采用感应熔炼气体雾化法(EIGA)制备了Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B(原子分数,%,下同)和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B 2种Ti Al预合金粉末,应用SEM,OM和DSC对预合金粉末进行表征.对Ti Al预合金粉末进行热等静压致密化处理,随后对致密化所得Ti Al合金进行热处理,研究了不同时效温度和冷却速率对Ti Al合金微观组织的影响.结果表明,预合金粉末的冷却速率在105~106K/s之间,随着冷却速率的增加,预合金粉末雾化过程中出现b→a'的马氏体转变.DSC曲线表明,升温过程中在700~800℃之间发生亚稳a2相→g相的转变.在热等静压过程中,预合金粉末初始阶段随机堆积,通过粉末颗粒流动、转动和重排实现致密度的提高.随着温度升高a2相转变为g相;温度进一步升高,粉末颗粒发生显著塑性变形,颗粒间形成烧结颈.随着保温时间的延长,粉末间孔隙主要通过表面扩散、体积扩散和扩散蠕变连接方式完成闭合.Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B预合金粉末热等静压致密化后,其微观组织主要为细小等轴的g相组织,以及少量的a2相和b相.Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B预合金粉末热等静压致密化后,其微观组织主要为细小等轴的g相组织,以及少量的a2相和弥散分布的硅化物x-Nb5Si3.时效温度不同,等轴g相、等轴a2相和a2/g片层之间面积分数发生变化,其变化规律主要取决于各相的Gibbs自由能变化.冷却速率对Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B合金连续冷却相变有较大的影响.对于Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2W-0.15B合金,水冷主要形成等轴a2相,油冷、空冷和炉冷都形成全片层组织.对于Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2Si-0.3B合金,水冷形成a2相和gm相,油冷和空冷形成羽毛状、Widmanst?tten片层和a2/g片层混合组织,炉冷形成全片层组织.对比2种Ti Al合金连续冷却曲线可知,Nb元素的增加使得连续冷却曲线向无扩散型转变方向发展.     

热处理对吸铸TiAl基合金铸件组织的影响

利用金属型底浇式真空吸铸技术和添加合金元素获得TiAl基合金薄板,观察并研究薄板热处理前后的组织。结果表明,在金属型强制冷却和添加合金元素的共同作用下,利用金属型底浇式真空吸铸技术获得的TiAl基合金薄板件铸态组织细小、致密。其中Ti-47Al-5Nb-0.5Si和Ti-47Al-2W-0.5Si合金的铸态平均晶粒多在20μm左右,但是,铸态组织的片层组织不均匀,且在组织内部存在较大的偏析。将试样加热到1300℃,保温5 h,随炉冷却热处理后,TiAl基合金薄板的铸态组织有所长大,但是片层更加平整稳定,偏析也明显得到改善。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of low- and heavy-alloyed intermetallic alloys based on γ-TiAl + α2-Ti3Al

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-43.7Al-3.2(Nb,Cr,Mo)-0.2B alloy in the as-cast state (after gasostatistic processing) and of the Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2C alloy after hot extrusion at temperatures corresponding to the ?? + ?? phase field followed by heat treatment have been studied. The extruded heavy-alloyed alloy has demonstrated significantly higher plastic/mechanical properties at room temperature with close values of the plasticity/tensile strength and long-term strength at elevated temperatures. A comparison of the results with literature data has shown the properties of the as-cast Ti-43.7Al-3.2(Nb,Cr,Mo)-0.2B to be similar to or superior to those of the best-known casting ?? (TiAl) + ??₂ (Ti₃Al) alloys.     

无包套近等温锻造TiAl合金的显微组织和拉伸性能(英文)

以真空自耗电弧熔炼技术熔炼名义成分为Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.4(W,Mo)(摩尔百分数)的TiAl合金铸锭,并以该熔炼铸锭进行无包套的近等温锻造实验,研究该TiAl合金铸锭的高温可锻性、显微组织及拉伸性能。结果表明:在无包套的近等温锻造工艺中,该熔炼铸锭显示出较好的高温可锻性,经涂覆玻璃粉浆保护,铸锭在经过60%锻造变形后其锻饼表面无明显裂纹。TiAl合金的铸造组织由细小、均匀的层片状晶团(α2+γ)和少量存在于片层团界的等轴γ晶粒构成;经近等温锻造后,锻饼组织则主要由平均晶粒尺寸为20μm的等轴γ晶粒和一些破碎的片层组织构成,在一些难变形区域,依然存在弯曲变形的片层组织。室温拉伸性能检测表明,由于晶粒细化效应,锻饼的平均抗拉强度由铸锭的433MPa提高到573MPa。     

不同SPS烧结温度Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微组织及力学性能(英文)

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,制备成分为Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)的TiAl合金块体,随后对TiAl合金进行热处理。研究在不同SPS烧结温度下制备的TiAl合金经过热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:高能球磨后的合金粉末形状不规则,粉末颗粒尺寸大约为几十微米。XRD分析表明,机械球磨后的粉末由TiAl和Ti3Al两相组成;烧结后的Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金块体主要是TiAl相,以及少量的Ti3Al和TiB2相。当烧结温度为900°C和1000°C时,合金的显微组织为双相结构,并伴随有一些细小的等轴γ晶粒和细小的针状TiB2相。当烧结温度从900°C上升到1000°C时,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度变化不大,抗压强度从1812MPa提高到2275MPa,压缩率从22.66%增加到25.59%,合金的断裂方式为穿晶断裂。     

Development of permanent-mold cast TiAl automotive valves

This paper presents the results of an EMTEC funded project to develop low-cost TiAl automotive valves. The alloy studied was Ti-47Al-2Nb-1.75Cr (at %). Over 800 valves were cast, using several variations of the permanent-mold process, in a multi-cavity steel mold. Applying pressure during solidification improved the casting fill. However, none of the permanent-mold casting methods produced pore free as-cast valves. The as-cast microstructures of valves produced by permanent-mold casting were much finer than investment castings of similar section sizes. Of the permanent-mold casting methods, the injection cast method exhibited the finest as-cast structure showing a potential for a new high output method for producing fine-grained TiAl components. Room temperature tensile properties of the permanent-mold material were superior to those of investment castings with a similar microstructure. Two sets of valves were road tested for a total of 50000 km with average 2% fuel savings and no valve damage. There is a need to overcome few challenges before this technology can be implemented in the automotive industry.     

粉末冶金Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金组织演变及其力学行为

采用粉末冶金法对不同球磨时间的Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金机械合金化粉末塑变行为,热压烧结材料的微观组织结构和力学行为进行了研究。研究结果表明：塑性良好的Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V粉末随着球磨时间增加首先变形为大尺寸的片状、后经持续的加工硬化破碎成絮状;热压烧结能够制备微观组织可控晶粒细化的Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金,合金由单一的Nbss相构成,Ti、Al、Cr、V元素固溶引起Nb晶格尺寸减小0.0685 ?;随着球磨时间增加合金晶粒明显细化进而显著提高了合金的维氏硬度和室温压缩强度,其变化符合材料硬度和强度的Hall-Petch规律。粉末冶金制备Nb-35Ti-6Al-5Cr-8V合金的各项力学性能明显优于熔铸法制备合金。     

Nb元素对含Ti低碳微合金钢连续冷却转变及析出行为的影响

采用热模拟试验机研究了Nb元素对含Ti低碳微合金钢的动态连续冷却转变行为的影响,利用OM和TEM对等温淬火工艺处理后实验钢的显微组织和析出行为进行观察和分析。结果表明：Nb元素使得含Ti低碳微合金钢的动态CCT曲线整体向右下方移动,大大减小了先共析铁素体和珠光体相变区,同时扩大了针状铁素体和贝氏体相变区,在较低冷速时能得到较多的针状铁素体;含Nb- Ti和含Ti两种实验钢经等温淬火工艺处理后的显微组织均由铁素体和马氏体两相组成,铁素体相中析出物平均尺寸分别为6.8、4.2 nm,利用Orowan机制对析出强化量进行计算得出析出强化量分别为90.6、142.3 MPa。     

Microstructural control of Ti-Al-Mo-Nb alloy system with respect to variation of B

In the current study, phase stability of Ti-Al-Mo-Nb alloys was investigated, and the effect of B addition was examined for cast alloys. The fabricated cast alloys were mainly composed of α₂ / γ lamellar with a β phase, when they were heat treated at 1100 °C followed by air cooling, the alloy was composed of α2 / γ lamellar with γ+β necklace phase at the colony boundary for the Ti-45Al-3Mo-2Nb-1B alloy, and the colony size was refined to ~ 20 μm. In order to identify the effect of the microstructures on mechanical strength, compressive tests were performed on the fabricated alloys of Ti-45Al-3Mo-2Nb and Ti-45Al-3Mo-2Nb-1B at room temperature and at 800 °C. The microstructural variations and phase stability were discussed in terms of pseudo-binary phase diagram calculated by Pandat software?.     

Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金热变形行为及本构关系研究

采用Gleeble-1500热力模拟机对铸态Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金进行高温变形热压缩试验,变形温度范围为1050~1200℃,应变速率范围为0.001~0.1s^-1,压缩变形量为60%。研究该合金高温变形温度和应变速率与流变应力之间的关系,计算了合金激活能,并建立了Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金的Arrhenius本构模型和多元线性回归的本构模型。结果表明,该合金的激活能随温度升高和应变速率增大而增大;Arrhenius本构模型的相关系数为0.98228,平均相对误差为9.97%,相对误差在10%以内的点只占62.0%;而采用多元线性回归本构模型的相关系数为0.99566,平均相对误差为4.76%,相对误差在10%以内的点占92.6%,本构精度较高。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive manufactured novel titanium alloy after heat treatment

A novel α+β titanium alloy with multi-alloying addition was designed based on the cluster formula 12[Al-Ti₁₂](AlTi₂)+5[Al-Ti₁₄](AlV_1.2Mo_0.6Nb_0.2) which was derived from Ti-6Al-4V.The nominal composition of this novel alloy was determined as Ti-6.83Al-2.28V-2.14Mo-0.69Nb-6.79Zr.In this study,the novel alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were prepared by laser additive manufacturing.The microstructure,micro-hardness,room/high temperature tensile properties of the as-deposited samples were investigated.Compared to Ti-6Al-4V,the novel alloy has much higher room and high temperature (600℃) tensile strengths,which are 1,427.5 MPa and 642.2 MPa,respectively;however,it has a much lower elongation (3.2%) at room temperature because of the finer microstructure.To improve the elongation of the novel alloy,heat treatment was used.After solution at 960℃ or 970℃ for 1 h followed by air cooling and aging at 550℃ for 4 h followed by air cooling,a unique bi-modal microstructure which contains crab-like primary α and residual β phase is obtained,improving the compression elongation by 80.9% compared to the as-deposited samples.The novel alloy can be used as a high-temperature and high-strength candidate for laser additive manufacturing.