发酵肉制品中脂肪、蛋白质水解氧化与微生物的关系

微生物及微生物酶作用于脂肪和蛋白质发生水解氧化反应,反应及反应产物相互影响使发酵肉制品呈现出复杂的体系。发酵肉制品中的微生物对其产生的作用具有两面性。一方面,微生物的酶作用于肉中的各成分,降解了大分子物质使发酵肉制品营养物质更易吸收,且蛋白质和脂肪适度水解氧化呈现出特殊发酵风味;另一方面,微生物可能产生有毒物质,还可能导致脂肪和蛋白质过度氧化,从而产生食用危险,危害人体健康。调控肉制品的水解氧化程度对其品质具有重要意义。本文主要综述了微生物对发酵肉制品中脂肪及蛋白质的水解氧化作用及益生菌和益生素对发酵肉制品氧化稳定性的影响等。     

发酵肉制品风味分析及形成途径研究

发酵肉制品具有独特的风味、质地和颜色,肉制品的保质期长,稳定性好,营养价值高。风味物质以多种方式形成并受许多条件的影响。对高酸和低酸发酵肉制品的特点、发酵肉制品中挥发性风味成分的提取方法进行了阐述,系统性分析了风味物质的形成途径,化合物产生过程,并对发酵肉制品的安全性做了简要介绍。     

脂质水解对肉品品质及风味影响的研究进展

在肉制品贮藏和加工过程中,脂质水解是影响肉制品质量和风味的重要影响因素之一。脂质水解主要是由于脂肪酶的作用,不同的内源性脂肪酶作用于不同的脂质位点,进而使得脂质水解形成不同的醛类、醇类、酯类、烃类等物质,这也在很大程度上影响肉制品风味。适当的水解有利于改善肉制品的风味,但是过度水解会导致肉制品的品质下降,出现蛋白氧化、哈喇味等现象。同时,脂质水解和脂质氧化之间具有一定的联系,脂质水解所形成的游离脂肪酸会发生氧化,导致肉制品的品质下降,风味物质减少。控制脂质水解程度有利于提高肉制品的品质,确定更加有利于肉制品贮藏和加工的条件。脂质水解对不饱和脂肪酸影响较大,脂肪酶对脂质位点的作用也受到众多学者的关注。本文综述肉及肉制品中脂质水解及其发生机制、肉品中脂质水解所导致的化学变化、脂质水解对肉及肉制品品质和风味的影响。     

即食发酵肉制品熟化机制研究进展

即食发酵肉制品有着悠久的加工制作历史,因其营养丰富且具有独特的色泽和风味而深受消费者欢迎。迄今为止,未见即食发酵肉制品的熟化过程及其机制的全面综述。本文结合了近年来即食发酵肉制品相关研究进展,系统地阐述了其熟化过程中理化性质的变化,包括蛋白质和脂质的水解氧化、风味物质的形成以及质构的变化等。同时也总结了影响熟化的因素及其作用机制,包括酶的水解、发酵剂的抗氧化等以及腌制剂的呈味和增色的作用机制。最后讨论了现今研究存在的不足,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为即食发酵肉制品的深入研究和发展提供理论依据。     

不同发酵剂对发酵肉制品风味物质的影响

发酵肉制品凭借其特殊的发酵风味、丰富的营养和易被人体消化吸收等特点,越来越受消费者的青睐。由于在制作发酵肉制品时,选用不同的发酵剂对发酵肉制品的品质及风味有着不同程度的影响。因此,介绍了发酵肉制品的概念,对发酵肉制品中常用的几种发酵剂进行了阐述,综述了这些发酵剂对发酵肉制品中风味物质的影响,为以后制作发酵肉制品时选择合适的发酵剂提供了参考。同时,也对未来发酵肉制品在食品领域的发展及其风味物质的研究进行了展望。     

乳酸菌对发酵肉制品抑菌作用及风味特征的影响研究进展

发酵肉制品因生产周期较长、营养物质丰富,极易受到微生物的污染,从而影响产品品质并对人体健康带来不利的影响。由于消费者对发酵肉制品风味以及安全性的关注日益增加,因此对肉制品的安全性以及风味特征的研究非常重要。乳酸菌是最早从发酵肉制品中分离出来的微生物,是传统发酵肉制品中重要的优势菌群,与产品品质密切相关。在发酵肉制品中,乳酸菌不仅可以产生具有抑菌作用的物质抑制有害微生物生长,提高肉制品的安全性;还可以通过影响碳水化合物代谢、蛋白质以及脂质的分解氧化,从而改善发酵肉制品的风味。本文主要从乳酸菌影响发酵肉制品中有害微生物的生长、提高产品安全性及其对风味形成的影响方面进行综述,以期为今后发酵肉制品的研究提供新思路。     

发酵肉制品常见微生物及其对风味的影响

介绍了发酵肉制品中常用微生物的种类、性质、作用以及常用的微生物发酵剂,探讨了微生物在发酵过程中形成的风味物质及其对肉制品风味的影响。     

氨基酸对发酵肉制品的功能研究进展

在发酵肉制品中,氨基酸作为风味物质的前体物质,并与其他物质复合发挥抗氧化作用,并且可作为发色助剂影响肉制品的感官,通过阐述国内外发酵肉制品中的FAA的来源以及氨基酸在发酵肉制品中的作用,并进一步阐述风味物质的产生机理及如何控制发酵肉过量生物胺的产生,对更好的开发与应用发酵肉制品中的氨基酸有重要意义,并对我国未来发酵肉制品的发展提供理论依据。     

发酵剂抗氧化活性对发酵肉制品品质的影响研究进展

发酵肉制品中脂肪的适度氧化能够赋予产品独特的风味,而脂肪和蛋白质的过度氧化则会对产品的风味、色泽、质地等产生不利影响,甚至产生有毒物质.天然和人工抗氧化剂因来源或安全性问题而使用受到限制,发酵剂作为发酵肉制品的生产原料其抗氧化能力逐渐受到关注.本文探讨了发酵肉制品中脂肪与蛋白质的氧化及发酵剂的抗氧化作用,同时概述了微生...     

发酵肉制品风味物质的研究进展

介绍了发酵肉制品中风味物质的来源、影响因素、提取、分析鉴定等方面的研究进展情况.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press