色散平坦光纤中的高速率PM-16QAM信号传输研究

提出了一种高速率、偏振复用、正交幅度调制信号的色散平坦光纤传输系统,传输速率分别为160 Gbps和256 Gbps,调制格式为PM-16QAM。实验研究了色散平坦光纤链路系统的传输特性,并分别与非零色散位移光纤和标准单模光纤链路传输特性做了比较。实验结果表明,较低输入光功率情况下,PM-16QAM信号在160 Gbps传输50 km时,经色散平坦光纤传输后的误差矢量幅度EVM优于经非零色散位移光纤传输情况0.5%,比特误码率BER优于非零色散位移光纤传输情况两个数量级;色散平坦光纤链路能更好地衰减旁瓣噪声;256 Gbps传输50 km和75 km时,仅在色散平坦光纤链路传输后可以较好地解调出信号;传输距离越长,保持较好特性时输入光功率范围越小。对比160 Gbps和256 Gbps情况,高速率PM-16QAM信号在色散平坦光纤链路的传输特性优于非零色散位移光纤和标准单模光纤链路的传输特性,传输速率越高、传输距离越长效果越明显。     

128 Gbit/s high speed optical interconnection networks in data centers by a 30 GHz Mach-Zehnder modulator

A decision feedback equalization (DFE) algorithm is proposed by simplifying Volterra structure. The simplification principle and process of the proposed Volterra-based equalization algorithm are presented. With the support of this algorithm, the signal damage for four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal (PAM-4) is compensated, which is caused by device bandwidth limitation and dispersion during transmission in C-band intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) fiber system. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate that PAM-4 signals can transmit over 2 km in standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) based on a 30 GHz Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The bit error rate (BER) can reach the threshold of hard decision-forward error correction (HD-FEC) (BER=3.8×10-3) and its sensitivity is reduced by 2 dBm compared with traditional feedforward equalization (FFE). Meanwhile, the algorithm complexity is greatly reduced by 55%, which provides an effective theoretical support for the commercial application of the algorithm.     

All-Raman ultralong-haul single-wideband DWDM transmission systems with OADM capability

In this paper, we present a comprehensive experimental investigation of an all-Raman ultrawide single-band transmission system for both 10 and 40 Gb/s line rates. Enabling technologies include forward-Raman pumping of the transmission fiber, counter-Raman pumping of the fiber spans and dispersion compensation modules, wideband dispersion, and dispersion-slope compensation, and modulation formats resistant to both linear and nonlinear impairments. Ultralong-haul (ULH) 128/spl times/10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) and ultrahigh-capacity (UHC) 64/spl times/40 Gb/s carrier-suppressed (CS) RZ transmission are demonstrated for commercially deployed fiber types, including both standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and nonzero dispersion shifted fibers (NZDSF). The span losses of 23 dB (NZDSF) and 20 dB (SSMF) are consistent with those encountered in terrestrial networks. The optical reaches for 10 Gb/s rate are 4000 km (NZDSF) and 3200 km (SSMF). Using the same distributed Raman amplification (DRA) scheme, UHC over 2.5 Tb/s at a 40-Gb/s per channel rate is also demonstrated for all of the tested fiber types and for optical reaches exceeding 1300 km. We then study the impact of including optical add/drop modules (OADMs) in the transmission system for both 10 and 40 Gb/s channel rates. System performance is characterized by the system margin and the transmission penalty. For all of the experiments shown in this paper, industrial margins and small transmission penalties consistent with operation in commercially deployable networks are demonstrated, showing the feasibility of practical implementation of all-Raman amplified systems for ULH and UHC optical backbones. Attractive features of single-wideband transmission enabled by DRA include simplicity of design, flexible gain and gain-ripple control, good noise performance, and a small system footprint.     

Analysis of different sub-carrier allocation of M-ary QAM-OFDM downlink in RoF system

In this paper, the performance of a 60 GHz radio over fiber (RoF) system with 4/16/64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downstream signals is studied. Delivery of 10 Gbit/s M-ary QAM (MQAM) OFDM signals through the 20-km-long single-mode fiber (SMF) is complicated in terms of intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). Using self-homodyne method, the beating of two independent light waves generating the millimeter-wave at the photodetector can be down-converted to baseband in the electrical domain. Meanwhile, three kinds of sub-carrier arrangement schemes are compared and discussed, and the simulation results show that lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be obtained adopting the adjacent scheme. At bit error rate (BER) of 10-3, the receiver sensitivity using 4QAM-OFDM sub-carrier signal is almost enhanced by 4 dB and 9 dB compared with those of 16QAM-OFDM signal and 64QAM-OFDM signal.     

A full-duplex optical access system with hybrid 64/16/ 4QAM-OFDM downlink

A full-duplex optical passive access scheme is proposed and verified by simulation, in which hybrid 64/16/4-quadrature amplitude modulation (64/16/4QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) optical signal is for downstream transmission and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal is for upstream transmission. In view of the transmitting and receiving process for downlink optical signal, in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) modulation based on Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and homodyne coherent detection technology are employed, respectively. The simulation results show that the bit error ratio (BER) less than hardware decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold is successfully obtained over transmission path with 20-km-long standard single mode fiber (SSMF) for hybrid downlink modulation OFDM optical signal. In addition, by dividing the system bandwidth into several sub-channels consisting of some continuous subcarriers, it is convenient for users to select different channels depending on requirements of communication.     

光纤通信系统色散补偿方案的优化

为了优化光纤通信系统色散补偿方案,采用软件仿真的方法设计了一个用色散补偿光纤进行色散补偿的单信道通信系统,利用光纤环形镜的全反射特性使该系统的色散补偿方案得到了优化,补偿效果良好,并节约了成本。对色散补偿及光纤环形镜的工作原理进行了理论分析和仿真验证,取得了系统在2.5Gbit/s和10Gbit/s下Q参量和眼图的仿真数据,分别找出了两个信号速率下的系统最佳输入功率。结果表明,系统在2.5Gbit/s下的最佳输入功率为13dBm,此时Q参量达到了172.88;系统在10Gbit/s下的最佳输入功率为6dBm,其相应Q参量为45.96。这一结果对实际应用中光纤通信系统的色散补偿是有帮助的。     

Repeaterless 10.7-Gb/s DPSK Transmission Over 304 km of SSMF Using a Coherent Receiver and Electronic Dispersion Compensation

Record repeaterless transmission of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) at 10.7 Gb/s over 304 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is demonstrated using a coherent optical receiver and electronic dispersion compensation. This is the longest repeaterless 10-Gb/s transmission over SSMF in the absence of Raman amplifiers. The high receiver sensitivity and the high tolerance to nonlinearities of DPSK allow us to overcome a total link loss of 58 dB with a 3-dB system margin. Coherent detection enables linear electrical dispersion compensation and avoids the use of optical dispersion compensation.     

Full-duplex fiber-wireless link with 40 Gbit/s 16-QAM signals for alternative wired and wireless accesses based on homodyne/heterodyne coherent detection

A novel full-duplex fiber-wireless link with 40 Gbit/s 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals is proposed to provide alternative wired and wireless accesses for the user terminals. In the central station (CS), the downstream signal for wired and wireless accesses is beared onto the CW laser source via an optical I/Q modulator to realize the QAM modulation. At the hybrid optical network unit (HONU), a tunable laser is used to provide coherent optical local oscillator for homo-/heterodyne beating to coherently down-convert the baseband optical signal to the baseband electrical one for wired access or to the mm-wave one for wireless access according to the requirement of the user terminals. Simultaneously, the lightwave from the tunable laser is also used as the uplink optical carrier for either wired or wireless access, and is modulated colorlessly by the baseband or mm-wave signal of the uplink alternatively. After filtering, only one tone carrying the uplink signal is transmitted back to the CS even for the wireless access. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our proposed full-duplex link for the alternative wired and wireless accesses maintains good performance even when the transmission link with standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is extended to 30 km.     

A radio-over-fiber system with photonic generated 16QAM OFDM signals and wavelength reuse for upstream data connection

We have experimentally demonstrated a wavelength reuse scheme for up-link connection in a radio-over-fiber (ROF) system with photonics generated 2.5 Gbit/s 16QAM OFDM signals. In this architecture, 2.5 Gbit/s 16QAM OFDM signals are carried by the optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) carriers which are generated with four times frequency of the local oscillator (LO) signal. The power penalties for both down- and up-stream signal delivery over 20 km fiber are less than 1 dB.     

A 40-Gb/s/ch WDM transmission with SPM/XPM suppression throughprechirping and dispersion management

This paper proposes to combine prechirping with dispersion management scheme in such a way as to suppress the power penalty induced by self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) in 40-Gb/s per channel wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission systems with long-amplifier spacing. First, we show that the optimum total dispersion to minimize SPM depends on prechirping and the local dispersion of the transmission fiber, unlike that for minimizing XPM. Next, it is shown that, by optimizing the combination of prechirping and local dispersion, these two optima can be made to match so as to improve the allowable maximum fiber input power. Finally, the operation of the proposed optimization scheme is confirmed experimentally, and 4×40-Gb/s WDM transmission over 400 km of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) is demonstrated successfully with the fiber input power of +10 dBm/ch and 250 GHz channel spacing     

Performance evaluation of (D)APSK modulated coherent optical OFDM system

Performance of amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK) modulated coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) with and without differential encoding is investigated. Numerical simulations based on 40 Gbit/s single-channel and 5 ^* 40 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing transmission are performed, and the impacts of amplified spontaneous emission noise, laser linewidth, chromatic dispersion, and fiber nonlinearity on the system performance are analyzed. The results show that compared with conventional 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulated optical OFDM signal, although 16(D)APSK modulated optical OFDM signal has a lower tolerance towards amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, it has a higher tolerance towards fiber nonlinearity such as self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM): the optimal launch power and the corresponding Q² factor of 16(D)APSK modulated OFDM signal are respectively 2 dB and 0.5 dB higher than 16QAM modulated optical OFDM signal after 640 km transmission, both in single-channel and WDM CO-OFDM systems. Although the accumulated CD decreases the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) during transmission, 16(D)APSK modulated OFDM signal will still remain an advantage compared with 16QAM modulated OFDM signal up to 1000 km single-channel transmission, meanwhile relaxing the needs for training symbols and pilot subcarriers and consequently increase the spectral efficiency.     

Novel full-duplex SSB WDM-RoF system with SLM technique for decreasing PAPR

A novel full-duplex single-sideband (SSB) wavelength division multiplexing radio over fiber (WDM-RoF) system with selected mapping (SLM) technique for decreasing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is proposed in this paper. At the central office (CO), the generated SSB signal carrying 10 Gbit/s 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16QAM-OFDM) downstream signal with SLM technique is sent to the base station, and 60 GHz SSB optical signal carrying 10 Gbit/s 16QAM-OFDM upstream signal is sent back to CO utilizing the wavelength-reuse technology. Simulation results show the proposed method for PAPR reduction can effectively improve the sensitivity of receiver, and the power penalty of the 16QAM-OFDM downlink (uplink) signal is about 2 dB (3 dB) at BER of 1×10-3 after 42 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission.     

A WDM-PON with DPSK modulated downstream and OOK modulated upstream signals based on symmetric 10 Gbit/s wavelength reused bidirectional reflective SOA

We investigate a wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with centralized lightwave and direct detection. The system is demonstrated for symmetric 10 Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) downstream signals and on-off keying (OOK) upstream signals, respectively. A wavelength reused scheme is employed to carry the upstream data by using a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) as an intensity modulator at the optical network unit (ONU). The constant-intensity property of the DPSK modulation format can keep high extinction ratio (ER) of downstream signal and reduce the crosstalk to the upstream signal. The bit error rate (BER) performance of our scheme shows that the proposed 10 Gbit/s symmetric WDM-PON can achieve error free transmission over 25-km-long fiber transmission with low power penalty.     

基于不同的非线性前色散补偿技术的比较

对非线性前色散补偿系统中的完全补偿、过补偿和欠补偿进行了数值模拟。数值结论表明：采用非线性前补偿不论是完全补偿、过补偿还是欠补偿，当入纤平均功率为1mW至15mW时20Gbit／s、最大半宽度为20ps的RZ脉冲经过100km的标准单模光纤后均能满足误码率小于10－9的要求。当入纤功率较大时，采用完全补偿经过一个放大距离后Q值最大，而且能够传输的放大周期也最多。     

A novel chromatic dispersion monitoring method for 400 Gbit/s 256 QAM fiber-optic system based on asynchronous amplitude sampling

A novel chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring technique based on asynchronous amplitude sampling (AAS) is proposed for a higher modulation format and higher rate system. The dispersion and other impairment factors can be separated with the definition of monitoring parameter M. A 400 Gbit/s 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system is built using Optisystem13.0 beta software. Simulations of CD monitoring technique for different bandwidths of sampling Gaussian filter, optical signal to noise ratios (OSNRs) and duty cycles are investigated, and the tolerance is also discussed. Simulation results show that the method can be less affected by noise, and a higher accuracy of 600 ps/(nm.km) can be achieved. The technique supports a wide range of data traffic and enhances operation flexibility of optical networks.     

Transmission of 112 Gb/s dual-carrier DQPSK signal over 10 Gb/s-based WDM optical links

The 112 Gb/s dual-carrier differential quadrature phase shift keying (DC-DQPSK) optical transceiver, which does not need digital signal processing and coherent detection, is proposed for cost-effective 100G transport solution. In this paper, we describe upgrade schemes of 10 Gb/s-based WDM optical links by adopting 112 Gb/s DC-DQPSK transceiver, while the dispersion of the optical links is compensated 100% at each span. Method of introducing the DC-DQPSK signal into single grid of 100 GHz spaced WDM link is demonstrated. Performance sufficient for error-free operation after forward error correction is achieved over 640 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) link. In another method, we experimentally investigate the transmission performance with co-propagating 10.7 Gb/s on-off-keying (OOK) signals over 1000 km of SSMF when the dual carriers occupy two channel grids separately. Excellent tolerance to the nonlinearities impacted by the OOK signals and low optical signal-to-noise ratio requirement are verified to demonstrate superior transmission performance in 10 Gb/s-based WDM links.     

基于色散平坦光纤的二阶孤子压缩

将再生锁模光纤激光器(RMLFL)输出的约5.8 ps脉宽的高质量无啁啾双曲正割脉冲,通过掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)放大后注入4.28 km长的色散平坦光纤(DFF)中,利用二阶孤子压缩效应成功地将脉冲压缩到1.74 ps,压缩比为3.3,与理论计算结果完全一致。与基于色散渐减光纤(DDF)的绝热孤子压缩(ASC)方案相比,该方案在同样的孤子阶数下大大降低了入射功率,而且色散平坦光纤的非色散渐减特性决定了它对于不同波长、不同脉宽的输入都可以通过调整输入脉冲功率和选取合适的光纤长度来配合满足压缩条件。虽然压缩因子不大,但基本能满足需求。     

Colorless ONU implementation for WDM-PON using direct-detection optical OFDM

A novel architecture for the colorless optical network unit (ONU) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DDO-OFDM). In this architecture, polarization-division multiplexing is used to reduce the cost at ONU. In optical line terminal (OLT), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) intensity-modulated OFDM signal with x-polarization at 10 Gbit/s is transmitted as downstream. At each ONU, the optical OFDM signal is demodulated with direct detection, and y-polarization signal is modulated for upstream on-off keying (OOK) data at 5 Gbit/s. Simulation results show that the power penalty is negligible for both optical OFDM downstream and the on-off keying upstream signals after over 50 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission.     

通过恒包络调制提高相干光OFDM系统的光纤非线性容限

相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)对光纤链路中 的色度色散(CD)和偏振模色散(PMD)具有较强的容忍性,但 是OFDM信号高峰均功率比(PAPR)的特点使其对光纤非线性效应 非常敏感,严重影响了系统传输性能。 本文提出了基于恒包络(CE)调制的方法使得系统中光信号PAPR降低为0dB,从而提高了CO-OFDM系统的非 线性传输性能。仿真结果表明,子载波采用16QAM调制的40Gbit/s单信道CE调制CO -OFDM系统,在经800km无色散补偿、欠色散补偿和周期全色散补偿 标准单模光纤(SSMF)链 路传输后,虽然较传统CO-OFDM存在约1.8dB的代价,但是系统最大 发射光功率分别提高 了6.2、9.3dB。并且,将本文方案应 用 到CO-OFDM和10Gbit/s NRZ-OOK混合传输WDM系统中,信道最大发 射光功率仍获得了5.2dB的提高。因此,本文提出的CE调制方法能有 效地提高CO-OFDM系统在不同传输环境中的光纤非线性容限。     

10-Gb/s upgrade of bidirectional CWDM systems using electronic equalization and FEC

We discuss options for upgrading coarse wavelength-division multiplexed (CWDM) optical access links over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) by increasing per-channel data rates from 2.5 to 10 Gb/s. We identify electronic equalization and forward error correction (FEC) as the enabling technologies to overcome the dispersion limit of SSMF. In addition, we show how FEC enhances the tolerance to in-band crosstalk, and paves the way toward fully bidirectional CWDM transmission. Due to the lack of CWDM sources rated for 10-Gb/s operation, we demonstrate full-spectrum (1310 to 1610 nm) 10-Gb/s CWDM transmission over standard-dispersion fiber using uncooled, directly modulated lasers specified for 2.5 Gb/s. All 16 CWDM channels could be transmitted over more than 40 km, yielding a capacity-times-distance product of 6.4 Tb/s/km. The longest transmission distance (80 km) was achieved at 1610 nm, equivalent to 1600 ps/nm of chromatic dispersion.