基于CNN-XGBoost的短时交通流预测

为准确预测短时交通流,缓解交通拥堵提高交通运行效率,提出一种基于CNN-XGBoost的短时交通流预测方法。结合短时交通流数据的时间相关性和空间相关性,将本路段和邻近路段的历史数据一同作为输入进行预测。利用卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)实现特征提取以减少数据冗余性,提出一种参数经果蝇算法优化的XGBoost模型用于交通流量预测。实例验证结果表明,CNN可对时间和空间结合下的交通流数据进行有效特征提取;相比SVR、LSTM等模型,改进的XGBoost模型下的交通流量预测误差明显减小。     

基于ACGRU模型的短时交通流预测

针对现有交通流预测模型未能充分利用交通流数据的时空特征以实现准确预测的问题,提出一种结合注意力机制的卷积门控循环单元预测模型（ACGRU）。该模型利用卷积神经网络（CNN）和门控循环单元（GRU）提取交通流的时空特征,然后使用注意力机制生成含有注意力概率分布的交通流特征表示,同时利用交通流的周相似性提取周期特征,将所有特征相互融合进行回归预测。在真实交通流数据集上的实验表明,提出的ACGRU模型具有更高的预测精度,预测误差相比其他预测模型平均降低了9%。     

基于长-短时序特征融合的资源负载预测模型

高准确率的资源负载预测能够为实时任务调度提供依据,从而降低能源消耗。但是,针对资源负载的时间序列的预测模型,大多是通过提取时间序列的长时序依赖特性来进行短期或者长期预测,忽略了时间序列中的短时序依赖特性。为了更好地对资源负载进行长期预测,提出了一种基于长-短时序特征融合的边缘计算资源负载预测模型。首先,利用格拉姆角场（GAF）将时间序列转变为图像格式数据,以便利用卷积神经网络（CNN）来提取特征;然后,通过卷积神经网络提取空间特征和短期数据的特征,用长短期记忆（LSTM）网络来提取时间序列的长时序依赖特征;最后,将所提取的长、短时序依赖特征通过双通道进行融合,从而实现长期资源负载预测。实验结果表明,所提出的模型在阿里云集群跟踪数据集CPU资源负载预测中的平均绝对误差（MAE）为3.823,均方根误差（RMSE）为5.274,拟合度（R²）为0.815 8,相较于单通道的CNN和LSTM模型、双通道CNN+LSTM和ConvLSTM+LSTM模型,以及资源负载预测模型LSTM-ED和XGBoost,所提模型的预测准确率更高。     

基于CNN-LightGBM模型的高速公路交通量预测

有效的交通流量预测对人们出行和交管部门监管都有着重要的意义。传统的交通量预测模型主要基于交通流的时间特性,未结合交通流的时间和空间特性进行深入挖掘,因此预测效果有时不佳。提出了一种基于CNN与LightGBM结合的交通流预测模型,首先利用CNN模型挖掘出高速公路相邻路段监测点和出入口的时间和空间关联性,实现对交通流数据的时空特征提取,然后将CNN提取到的特征向量输入到LightGBM模型中进行预测。为了验证模型的有效性,实验中使用了多种预测模型进行对比,实验结果表明,所提出的考虑到时空特性的CNN-LightGBM组合的模型可以明显降低预测误差,是一种有效快速的交通流预测模型。     

基于门控卷积的时空交通流预测模型

针对现有的交通流预测模型未能精确捕获交通数据的时空特征,以及大部分模型都是在单步预测中体现出良好的预测性能,在多步预测中模型的预测性能显得并不理想的问题,提出了一种基于门控卷积的时空交通流预测模型（GC-STTFPM）。首先,利用图卷积网络（GCN）结合门控循环单元（GRU）来捕获交通流数据的时空特征;然后提出了一种利用卷积门控单元对原始数据和时空特征数据进行拼接与筛选处理的方法来对时空特征数据的有效性进行校验;最后,将GRU作为解码器来对未来交通流作出准确可靠的预测。在洛杉矶公路的交通数据集上的实验结果表明,GC-STTFPM在单步预测（5 min）中与基于注意力的时空图神经网络（ASTGNN）和扩散卷积递归神经网络（DCRNN）相比,平均绝对误差（MAE）分别降低了5.9%和9.9%,均方根误差（RMSE）分别降低了1.7%和5.8%。同时,GC-STTFPM在15、30、60 min三个多步尺度下的预测精度优于大多数现有基准模型,具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性。     

基于改进在线极限学习机的短时交通流预测模型研究

交通流信息预测是智能交通系统进行交通疏导管理的重要基础,为城市交通管理规划提供可靠的数据支持和科学的决策依据。由于交通流量数据是实时更新的增量流数据,每次更新历史数据集时都需要重新构建预测模型,消耗了大量计算资源和运行时间,为此提出一种基于改进在线顺序极限学习机的交通流预测模型（IOS-ELM）,通过构建新增数据的增强特征映射关系,生成交通流动态更新特征表示空间,实现短时交通流预测模型的动态更新。利用长沙市远大一路交通流数据评估该模型,实验结果表明,IOS-ELM模型在NRMSE和MAPE的预测性能上均超过其他基准预测模型（MLP、ELM、OS-ELM和SVR）,同时模型的预测耗时较小,可以保证一定实时性,满足城市道路交通流的实时准确预测的需求。     

基于改进时空残差卷积神经网络的城市路网短时交通流预测

城市路网交通流预测受到历史交通流和相邻路口交通流的影响,具有复杂的时空关联性.针对传统时空残差模型缺乏对交通流数据进行相关性分析、捕获微小变化而容易忽略长期时间特征等问题,提出一种基于改进时空残差卷积神经网络(CNN)的城市路网短时交通流预测模型.该模型将原始交通流数据转化成交通栅格数据,利用皮尔逊相关系数(PCC)对...     

基于深度学习的短时交通流预测

针对现有预测方法未能充分揭示交通流内部的本质规律,提出了一种基于深度学习的短时交通流预测方法。该方法结合深度信念网路模型（DBN）与支持向量回归分类器（SVR）作为预测模型,利用差分去除交通流数据的趋势向,用深度信念网络模型进行交通流特征学习,在网络顶层连接支持向量回归模型进行流量预测。实际交通流数据测试结果表明：文中提出的预测模型与传统预测模型相比,具有更高的预测精度,预测性能提高了18.01%,是一种有效的交通流预测方法。     

基于DWT-GCN的短时交通流预测

交通流预测是智慧交通领域的研究热点之一, 为了深层次地挖掘交通流序列的时空特征, 提高预测精度, 提出了一种基于离散小波变换(discrete wavelet transformation, DWT)和图卷积网络(graph convolutional network, GCN)短时交通流预测模型. 首先, 利用DWT算法将原始交通序列分解为细节分量与近似分量, 降低交通流数据的非平稳性; 其次, 引入距离因子项优化GCN模型中的邻接矩阵, 进一步提取路网的空间特征; 最后, 将DWT分解的各组分量数据分别作为GCN模型的输入进行预测, 并对各组预测结果进行重构, 得到最终预测值. 利用美国加利福尼亚州交通局PeMS数据库实测交通数据对模型进行测试, 结果表明, 该模型相比于ARIMA、WNN、GCN, 平均绝对误差平均降低57%, 平均绝对百分比误差平均降低59%, 是一种有效的短时交通流预测方法.     

时空相关的短时交通流宽度学习预测模型

针对深度学习预测模型运算大的问题,在充分挖掘交通大数据的时空相关性的基础上,提出了一种基于K-最邻近（K-nearest neighbor,KNN）与宽度学习系统（broad learning system,BLS）相结合的短时交通流预测模型。利用KNN算法筛选与预测路段时空相关性高的K个路段,将选取路段的交通流数据作为BLS模型的输入分别进行预测,对选取不同路段的预测结果进行加权,以均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为最小时对应K值的结果作为最终的预测值。美国加利福尼亚州交通局PeMs交通数据库实测的交通流量数据的测试结果表明,提出的模型相比于ARIMA、WNN、LSTM、KNN-LSTM模型均方根误差平均降低46.56%,运算效率明显提高,是一种有效的短时交通流预测方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.