纤维状材料对模拟高放废液中钯的吸附行为

为从高放废液中分离富集钯Pd(Ⅱ),考察纤维状吸附材料Smopex~?-102 FG对Pd(Ⅱ)的静态吸附行为,研究HNO_3浓度、接触时间、初始金属离子浓度、温度对Pd(Ⅱ)吸附行为的影响,并考察吸附过程的动力学和热力学。结果表明:在研究条件下,Smopex~?-102 FG对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附分配系数Kd随HNO_3浓度的减小而逐渐增加,在HNO_3浓度为0.001 mol/dm~3时,分配系数Kd为142.0 cm~3/g。Smopex~?-102 FG吸附Pd(Ⅱ)的动力学过程迅速,20 min即达到平衡状态,且平衡吸附率(R)皆在70%以上,吸附动力学符合拟一阶和拟二阶动力学模型,理论平衡吸附量与实验值(Q_e=19.82 mg/g)基本吻合。Weber-Morris粒内扩散模型表明,Pd(Ⅱ)在纤维状吸附材料Smopex~?-102 FG的表面和颗粒内的扩散共同控制吸附速率。与此同时,随着初始金属离子浓度的增大,Smopex~?-102 FG对Pd(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量呈线性增加,而其对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附率却随之减小,吸附过程遵循Freundlich等温吸附模型,为优惠吸附。从热力学实验结果可知,该吸附是自发吸热过程,温度升高有利于吸附过程的进行。静态吸附实验表明,纤维状吸附材料Smopex~?-102 FG对钯离子表现出良好的吸附性能,是一种适用于处理高放废液中Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附材料。     

微生物固定化吸附剂吸附Pd(II)的研究

微生物法在吸附处理重金属污染和回收贵金属方面具有广阔的发展前景。利用载体A固定化大肠杆菌开发了一种高效微生物固定化吸附剂,研究其对Pd(II)的吸附特性,构建其对Pd(II)的动态吸附模型,并开展了循环再生实验。结果表明,吸附柱的穿透时间和耗竭时间与大肠杆菌的浓度、微生物固定化吸附剂的填充量成正相关,与溶液流速成负相关;载体A:粘结剂:大肠杆菌的质量比为4:1:3,固定化吸附剂添加量为15 g、溶液流速3 mL/min时,吸附柱对Pd(II)有较好的吸附效率,穿透时间和耗竭时间分别为60 min和360 min;使用2 mol/L的HCl对负载Pd(II)后吸附剂进行解吸处理,解吸率达到99.32%;吸附-解吸循环5次后,固定化吸附剂对Pd(II)的吸附量基本保持不变。     

季铵功能化NH2-MIL-101(Fe)吸附氰化钯性能

制备了一种新型季铵功能化金属有机框架(MOFs)材料Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe),用于氰化钯的吸附，采用红外光谱、扫描电镜等对其吸附Pd(CN)₄^2-特性进行了表征。吸附热力学表明吸附为放热反应，且能自发进行。Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)对Pd(CN)₄^2-的吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir模型，采用2.0 mol·L^-1KI溶液洗脱Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)上吸附的Pd(CN)₄^2-,洗脱率大于97.0%。5次循环后Pd(CN)₄^2-的回收率大于91.0%。研究表明，Et-N-NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)在中性介质中稳定性良好，对Pd(CN)₄^2-具有快速优良的吸附能力。     

普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌对Pt(IV)的吸附特性

研究了普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌两种微生物对Pt(IV)的吸附特性。pH和离子强度条件优化实验结果表明,pH=2.0时吸附效果较好,吸附量分别为58.62和72.20 mg/g;随着离子强度的增加,普罗维登斯菌对Pt(IV)的吸附量增加而希瓦氏菌却降低;Pt(IV)和Pd(II)共存时,两种微生物吸附剂均优先吸附Pd(II)。动力学和等温吸附实验结果表明,普罗维登斯菌吸附Pt(IV)的过程更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型,说明化学吸附是该过程的限速步骤,且为单分子层吸附,其理论最大吸附量为136.10 mg/g。因此,以上研究结果表明,普罗维登斯菌和希瓦氏菌可以吸附回收溶液中的Pt(IV)离子。     

改性海泡石作为循环使用的吸附剂在酸性溶液中吸附Pd(Ⅱ)的应用（英文）

研究以改性海泡石作为吸附剂从酸性溶液中回收Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附特性和机理;通过等温模型、动力学和热力学模型分析改性海泡石对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附特性;利用SEM-EDS、TEM和XPS技术研究改性海泡石对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理。Langmuir模型表明,当温度为30°C时,改性海泡石对Pd(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为322.58 mg/g。动力学实验结果表明,准二级动力学模型能较好地模拟改性海泡石对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程,化学吸附为改性海泡石吸附Pd(Ⅱ)的控速步骤。当Pd(Ⅱ)的初始浓度为100 mg/L时,1 g/L改性海泡石可吸附99%的Pd(Ⅱ)。吸附-脱附循环实验结果表明,改性海泡石具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性。本研究结果表明,改性海泡石是一种可高效且经济的Pd(Ⅱ)回收材料。     

不同长度金属结合肽对大肠杆菌吸附钯性能的影响

利用微生物吸附法回收铂族金属(PGMs)有较大的应用前景,然而利用基因工程手段改造微生物胞外金属结合基团,进而提升微生物的吸附量与特异性仍是一项挑战。本研究利用微生物表面展示技术,在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,简写为E. coli)BL21菌株外膜上展示了不同长度的金属结合肽(EC10、EC20、EC30),并解析了其对钯(Pd(II))的吸附行为。结果表明,在E.coli BL21表面展示不同长度金属结合肽均能增强其对Pd(II)的吸附量。其中,表面展示了EC20的菌株(简写为E. coli EC20)吸附量最高,为144.25 mg/g,是未进行表面展示菌株的1.14倍;E. coli BL21和E. coli EC20均能够从含多种金属离子的工业废水中选择性吸附Pd(II)和Pt(IV),两株菌对Pd(II)吸附率分别为96.2%和99.0%。以上研究表明利用表面展示技术增加微生物外膜金属结合基团是一种有效提升微生物吸附能力的手段。     

盐酸胍-MCI-GEL体系固相萃取分离钯的研究

研究了盐酸胍-MCI-GEL体系固相萃取分离钯的行为。结果表明,在稀盐酸介质中,MCI-GEL树脂能够吸附钯(II)与盐酸胍形成的离子缔合物,最佳吸附条件为:nGCl:nPd(II)=1,盐酸浓度0.05mol/L,过柱流速5 m L/min,Pd(II)的吸附率可达99%,同时对干扰元素具有较好的选择性,体系的吸附容量为5.2 mg/g;以反方向洗脱的方式,洗脱速度为1 m L/min,3 m L由1%盐酸、20 g/L硫脲配制的洗脱剂可以将0.5 g饱和吸附的树脂上的钯完全洗脱。     

大肠杆菌对铂(IV)的吸附特性及行为表征

比较了10种菌株对纯溶液中铂(IV)的吸附效果,优选出大肠杆菌作为吸附剂,并对其吸附行为进行了表征和研究。吸附动力学及颗粒内扩散模型表明,大肠杆菌对铂(IV)的吸附过程经历了快速的表面吸附和缓慢吸收2个阶段,并可在60 min内达到吸附平衡;吸附后的SEM、TEM形貌表征显示,大肠杆菌菌体细胞发生形变,皱缩并团聚;XPS结果显示,部分铂(IV)转化为铂(II),表明吸附过程中发生了还原。在25℃、pH=7.0、6 h的条件下,大肠杆菌对初始浓度为100 mg/L的Pt(IV)溶液的吸附率为96.66%。     

乙二胺改性木屑黄原酸盐对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)离子吸附平衡及动力学（英文）

使用乙二胺改性的木屑黄原酸盐对水溶液中的Cu(II)、Ni(II)离子进行吸附。在单离子体系中,考虑影响因素(温度、投加量)对Cu(II)、Ni(II)单离子吸附等温线的影响;并计算Cu(II)、Ni(II)离子吸附的热力学参数:吸附吉布斯自由能(?GΘ)、吸附过程的焓变(?HΘ)以及熵变(?SΘ),表明此吸附是一个放热自发的过程。在Cu(II)和Ni(II)双离子体系中,采用修正后的拓展Langmuir模型对体系的吸附情况可以进行很好的预测。在单离子体系和双离子体系中,吸附过程的数据均可通过准二级动力学模型进行描述;计算得到其对Cu(II)和Ni(II)单离子的吸附活化能分别为59.12和55.92 kJ/mol。结果表明,金属离子在改性木屑表面的吸附效果会受到另一离子存在的影响。     

利用天然二氧化锰吸附铜（英文）

软锰矿的主要成分为MuO2,其可作为一种低成本的吸附剂使用,研究其对废水中铜离子的吸附分离作用。研究Cu(II)离子的初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量和粒度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明:随着吸附剂的用量增加,吸附铜的比例增大。在不同铜浓度下,溶液的初始pH值为自然状态时的吸附量最大。当初始溶液浓度、初始p H值、接触时间、搅拌速度、粒径大小和吸附剂用量分别为0.0025 mol/L、自然状态、180 min、200 r/min和6 g/L时,软锰矿对铜的吸附率为96.5%。对吸附过程中的等温吸附曲线和动力学进行研究。结果表明:该平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir等温模型,而过程的动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型。     

氧化石墨烯-壳聚糖复合物的制备及其吸附性能

采用Hummers法合成的氧化石墨烯(GO)与壳聚糖(CTS)制备复合型吸附剂GO-CTS,通过傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对结构和形貌进行表征。考察pH、投加量、吸附时间以及铀初始浓度等参数对吸附剂去铀效果的影响。结果表明,对于10mg/L的含铀溶液,GO和GO-CTS的最佳吸附条件分别为:pH=4~7,5;投加量1.0,1.0g/L;吸附时间为1,70min;最大去铀率分别为99.5%,97.5%。GO和GO-CTS的吸附平衡符合Freundlich等温线模型,表明为多分子层吸附,主要以物理吸附为主,最大吸附量分别为78.13和114.94mg/g。     

Adsorption of gold(III) from waste rinse water of semiconductor manufacturing industries using Amberlite XAD-7HP resin

Advanced hydrometallurgical separation processes are gaining significant importance for the recovery of gold from the aqueous solutions viz. leach liquor of waste electronics, plating material solutions, and waste wash water from electronic industries. In the present investigation, gold adsorption from the waste rinse water of semiconductor manufacturing industries is reported using Amberlite XAD-7HP. For experimental purposes, chloride waste rinse water that contained primarily Au (281 mg/ L) with trace amounts of Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn etc was used. Batch studies were carried out to optimize various process parameters, including contact time, acidity of solution, and resin dosage for the adsorption of gold from the above waste effluent. Adsorption of 92.25% gold was found from the waste solution within a contact time of 30 minutes at an aqueous to resin (A/R) ratio of 25 mL/g and an equilibrium pH of 0.63. In optimal conditions, the loading capacity of resin for gold was observed to be 58.82 mg of gold/g of resin. The gold adsorption phenomena were confirmed by the comparative FT-IR spectroscopic characterization studies of fresh resin and gold loaded resin. Elution tests were carried out for the elution of gold from the gold loaded resin using various ratio mixtures of acetone and 1.0 M HCl. An elution efficiency of 96.96% gold was achieved at an acetone-to-acid ratio of 9. In this condition, gold-enriched solution containing 7,240 mg gold/ L was obtained. The maximum elution of gold was found to be 99.33% using pure acetone in a contact time of 30 minutes. The data obtained will be useful to simulate the continuous gold adsorption process within a column.     

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of gallium(Ⅲ) on nano-TiO_2

Nano-TiO2 was employed for the adsorption of gallium from aqueous solution in batch equilibrium experiments to investigate its adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorption efficiency of Ga(Ⅲ) was more than 96% at pH 3.0. The adsorption capacities and rates of Ga(Ⅲ) onto nano-TiO2 were evaluated as a function of solution concentration and temperature. The results were analyzed using the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Adsorption isothermal data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model. The mean energy of adsorption, 15.81 kJ·mol-1, was calculated from the D-R adsorption isotherm. The kinetic experimental data properly correlate with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters for the process of adsorption have been estimated. The △ H Οand △ GΟvalues of gallium(Ⅲ) adsorption on nano-TiO2 showed an endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption.     

Study of hexavalent chromium ion adsorption on nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide

The present study evaluates adsorption of hexavalent chromium ion (Cr(VI)) from contaminated solution on nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). The AAO sorbent was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. Effects of the solution pH, contact time, and AAO quantity on Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. It was shown that Cr(VI) adsorption on AAO was strongly pH dependent and Cr(VI) removal increased by decreasing of the pH, Cr(VI) displays anion-type sorption behavior on the AAO sorbent. Chromium ion removal of 82% was obtained at presence of 0.05 g/L AAO, pH of 1, and contact time of 40 min in the solution.     

Removal of vanadium from ammonium molybdate solution by ion exchange

The separation techniques of vanadium and molybdenum were summarized, and a new method of removal V(Ⅴ) from Mo(Ⅵ) by adsorption with chelate resin was presented. Nine kinds of chelate resins were used to investigate the adsorbent capability of V(Ⅴ) in ammonium molybdate solution with static method. The test results show that DDAS, CUW and CW-2 resins can easily adsorb V(Ⅴ) in ammonium molybdate solution, but hardly adsorb Mo(Ⅵ). The dynamic experimental results show more than 99.5% of V(Ⅴ) can be adsorbed, and the adsorption rate of Mo(Ⅵ) is less than 0.27% at 294-296 K for 60 min at pH 7.42-8.02. The mass ratio of V to Mo decreases to l/5 0000 in the effluent from 1/255 in the initial solution. The loaded resin can be desorbed by 5% NH3·H2O solution, and the vanadium desorption rate can reach 99.6%. The max concentration of vanadium in desorbed solution can reach 20 g/L, while the concentration of molybdenum is less than 0.8 g/L.     

Removal and recovery of titanium (IV) from leach liquor of high-sulfur bauxite using calcium alginate microspheres impregnated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid

In the leaching solution of high-sulfur bauxite roasted by sulfuric acid, a high concentration of aluminum presented along with titanium and iron. The present work was to remove Ti(IV) from the leach liquor by calcium alginate microsphere sorbent material (CA-P204) based on natural alginate impregnated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) to purify leaching solution. Cation exchange and chelation make major contributions to the adsorption mechanism according to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The results showed that Ti(IV) was successfully removed by the CA-P204 adsorbent from the Ti(IV)?Al(III)?Fe(III) ternary system with a dynamic column experiment. The removal rate of titanium was nearly 95% under optimal conditions and the maximum adsorption capacity was 66.79 mg/g at pH 1.0. Reusability of CA-P204 was evaluated over three consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. The adsorption process was simple, low-cost, and had no waste discharge, suggesting that the CA-P204 was promising, efficient, and economical for removing Ti(IV) from high-sulfur bauxite leaching solution.     

十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵与 NH4 SCN 缓蚀协同效应

目的研究十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵(CDAB)与NH4SCN在硫酸介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀协同效应,并探讨其缓蚀机理和性能,以期为工业实际生产提供理论数据。方法运用失重法研究CDAB质量浓度与缓蚀率的关系,通过失重法、动电位极化曲线法和交流阻抗法分析CDAB与NH4SCN复配后的缓蚀率和缓蚀机理。结果仅添加CDAB时,缓蚀率随着CDAB质量浓度增大而增大,但缓蚀性能并不显著,当质量浓度为10 mg/L时缓蚀率仅为85.07%;当CDAB与30 mg/L的NH4SCN复配后,缓蚀率显著提高到96.73%,能有效抑制Q235钢在0.5 mol/L硫酸介质中的腐蚀。极化试验结果显示,该复配缓蚀剂是一种以控制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀率随CDAB质量浓度增大而增大,与交流阻抗法、失重法试验结果相一致。复配缓蚀剂在Q235钢表面的吸附服从Langmiur吸附等温模型,吸附吉布斯自由能ΔG0=-48.33 k J/mol,为自发吸附。结论 CDAB与NH4SCN在0.5 mol/L硫酸介质中具有优异缓蚀协同效应,能有效抑制腐蚀介质对Q235钢在的腐蚀,复配缓蚀剂具有较高的缓蚀率。     

Direct extraction of Mo(VI) from acidic leach solution of molybdenite ore by ion exchange resin: Batch and column adsorption studies

The adsorption behavior of ion exchange resin D301 in the extraction of hexavalent molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was investigated. SEM, EDS and Raman spectra analyses were applied to studying the adsorption capacity, reaction kinetics and possible adsorption mechanism in detail. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of D301 resin for molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was up to 463.63 mg/g. Results of the kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was controlled by the particle diffusion with the activation energy 25.47 kJ/mol (0.9α1.2 mm) and 20.38 kJ/mol (0.6α0.9 mm). Furthermore, the molybdenum loaded on the resin could be eluted by using 2 mol/L ammonia hydroxide solution. Besides, dynamic continuous column experiments verified direct extraction of molybdenum from acidic leach solutions by ion exchange resin D301 and the upstream flow improved dynamic continuous absorption.     

活性炭从含铂稀溶液中回收铂

采用活性炭从含57.6g/LPt的稀溶液中吸附回收Pt。研究不同吸附工艺参数对Pt吸附回收率的影响。结果表明,随着活性炭用量的增加、吸附时间的延长和温度的升高,Pt的吸附回收率也提高。在振荡速率200r/min,吸附时间3h和25℃的条件下,使用400mg活性炭,Pt的回收率可以达到70%。然而,在80℃下吸附1h,使用200mg活性炭,Pt的吸附率就可达到88%,表明温度对吸附的影响是显著的。在80℃下吸附3h,使用400mg活性炭,Pt的吸附率可达到99%以上。