The viscosity functions of long‐chain branched metallocene‐catalyzed ethene homopolymers and copolymers (LCB‐mPE) were described by an extended Carreau‐Yasuda model. The two characteristic relaxation times, λ1 and λ2, and the slope of the viscosity function between these two characteristic relaxation times can be correlated to the zero shear‐rate viscosity, η0, and the molar mass . The characteristic relaxation times, λ1 and λ2 (describing the main curvatures of the viscosity function) exhibit a power law dependency on the molar mass, . The parameterization of the viscosity function can be used for a molecular characterization and flow simulations of various kinds.
Three‐dimensional simulations of bubble formation in Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids through a microchannel T‐junction are conducted by the volume‐of‐fluid method. For Newtonian fluids, the critical capillary number Ca for the transition of the bubble breakup mechanism is dependent on the velocity ratio between the two phases and the microchannel dimension. For the power law fluid, the bubble diameter decreases and the generation frequency increases with higher viscosity parameter K and power law index n. For a Bingham fluid, the viscous force plays a more important role in microbubble formation. Due to the yield stress τy, a high‐viscous region is developed in the central area of the channel and bubbles deform to a flat ellipsoid shape in this region. The bubble diameter and generation frequency are almost independent of K. 相似文献
The viscosity of a globular protein solution as a function of concentration was studied with a cone and plate viscometef (Ferranti-Shirley Viscometer System) using, β-lactoglobulin as a model. An aqueous buffer solution (pH 7, ionic strength 0.04) containing up to 40 percent protein was subjected to rates of shear between 800 and 17,000 sec?1. Specific viscosity of β-lactoglobulin up to 10 weight percent was proportional to the weight concentration of protein in solution such that: ηs = η0 [ 1+0.8 (weight percent concentration)] where η0 and ηs are viscosity coefficients for the pure solvent and the solution, respectively. For 3-40 weight percent, a linear relation of shear rate and shear stress was observed at high shear rates. Linearity began at 3500, 4300, 6800, and 7000 see?1 for 10, 20, 30 and 40 weight percent concentrations respectively. The apparent viscosity was lower below these critical shear rates. 相似文献
The effect of mesh refinement on the finite element computation of velocity and pressure is assessed for the creeping flow of a power law fluid and a Carreau fluid through an axisymmetric sudden contraction. The emphasis is placed on the determination of the entrance pressure correction nent. The augmented Lagrangian formalism is used and the discretization of the variational problem is based on the Crouzeix-Raviart triangular element. For power-law fluids, it is found that fine meshes yield values of nent which are significantly lower than those obtained in previous numerical studies, especially for high shear-thinning fluids. A similar trend is observed in the Carreau model. 相似文献
Viscosity data for honey, corn oil, mayonnaise, yogourt, blood and banana puree have been analyzed using two Theological models: the Herschel-Bulkley model and a proposed model. The proposed model contains three parameters: a yield stress, a parameter having the units of time and a parameter having the units of viscosity. The model parameters were obtained by non-linear regression and the proposed model was shown to compare favorably with the Herschel-Bulkley equation. An Arrhenius-type of correlation could be verified between the viscosity of banana puree and the inverse of the temperature. Also, the time parameter (t1) of the proposed model could be correlated with the temperature and the parameter η1. It is asserted that the proposed model should replace advantageously the commonly used Casson expression. 相似文献
The formation of dispersed phase in blends of incompatible polymers during melt extrusion with a co-rotating twin screw extruder was studied, using nylon and polyester as the matrix and ethylene-propylene rubbers as the dispersed phase. A master curve is obtained, i.e., Gηmα/γ = 4p±0.84, where G is the shear rate, γ the particle diameter, η the interfacial tension, ηm the matrix viscosity, ηd the dispersed-drop viscosity, and p = ηd/ηm. The plus (+) sign applies for p > 1, and the minus (?) sign for p < 1. Thus, the dispersed-drop size is directly proportional to the interfacial tension and the ±0.84 power of viscosity ratio. The dispersed drops are the smaller, when the interfacial tension is the lower and the viscosity ratio is the closer to unity. The interfacial tension is largely controlled by the polarities of the two phases, and can be varied over several orders of magnitude by using appropriate dispersants. 相似文献
The article presents the effect of non-Newtonian viscosity on the longitudinal dispersion of tracer molecules released in an incompressible viscous non-Newtonian fluid (known as the simplified Cross model fluid) under the action of a constant pressure gradient. The Gill and Sankarasubramanian model is used to solve the unsteady convection diffusion equation for all time periods. An exact expression is obtained for the longitudinal convection coefficient K1(η?), which shows the effect of the non-Newtonian parameter η? on the centerline coefficient. It is seen that the value of the K1(η?) for η? > 1 is always smaller than the corresponding value for a Newtonian fluid. Also, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the solute K2(τ, η?) is determined exactly. The results show that the K2(τ, η?) asymptotically reaches a stationary state after a certain time. The effect of the η? on the most dominant dispersion coefficient is clearly depicted. Finally, the axial distribution of the average concentration θm of the solute over the channel cross section is determined at a fixed instant after the solute injection for several values of the η?. The results for “pure convection” are also reported 相似文献
Flow properties of sheet molding compounds (SMC) were measured by several rhemeters. Shear viscosities of SMC paste can be fitted by the Carreau viscosity equation and reduced to a single master curve by plotting the reduced shear viscosity (η/η0) against reduced shear rate (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma $\end{document} η0/T). The deformation fo glass filled compounds under extensional forces. When the shear forced was applied, the compound defomed like a deck of cards being slid. It behaved essentially like a laminate of many layers. On the other hand, SMC compounds elongated much less before sample failure occurred under the extensional flow. The extensional viscosity was much higher than the shear viscosity. This phenomenon was explained by a solid composite theory and theories developed from local shear flows between adjacent fibers. The flow of SMC compounds during molding showed that the surface layers flowed further than the inner layers when the mold surfaces were hot. This casued inner plies to show through at the surface and resulting in some wavy glass orientation. This phenomenon was explained equalitatively by a heat penetration model. 相似文献