一种改进的球结构偏二叉树SVM多分类算法

针对支持向量机分类方法在处理不平衡样本数据时出现的问题,通过对类间样本距离、类内样本分布及该类所占区域3个方面的改进,提出了一种处理不平衡样本数据的计算方法。将该方法与偏二叉树支持向量机结合,提出了一种改进球结构偏二叉树支持向量机多分类方法。选取UCI数据库中的数据,将该方法与球结构偏二叉树支持向量机、欧氏距离偏二叉树支持向量机、加权欧氏距离偏二叉树支持向量机方法进行比较,实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于支持向量机的改进分类算法

为了进一步提高支持向量机分类的准确性和泛化能力,提出一种基于支持向量机的改进二叉树分类算法.首先介绍支持向量机的基本原理,总结了常见的多分类器分类算法及其特点,结合现有分类算法的优点,为分类器引入了不同的权值,提出二叉树改进分类算法,有效避免了常用分类算法不足.通过仿真实验,与典型的多类分类算法对比,验证该算法的有效性,为多类分类预测研究提供了一条有效的途径.     

支持向量机在肌电信号模式识别中的应用

为了提高肌电信号多运动模式识别的准确性和实时性,提出了一种基于支持向量机的动作模式分类算法.在给出支持向量机的原理及其多类问题的基本算法基础上,着重介绍了两种改进的支持向量机多类识别算法,即有向无环图算法和基于先聚类后分类的二叉树算法,并比较了它们的优缺点.实验结果表明,针对前臂肌电信号的多运动模式分类,先聚类后分类的二叉树算法具有较高的分类准确性,更少的计算量,更好的实时性.     

基于二叉树多类支持向量机的文本分类研究

文本分类是文本数据挖掘的基础和核心,为解决在文本分类中二值支持向量机不能进行多类分类的问题,论文提出采用二叉树对多个二值支持向量机(SVM)子分类器进行组合,并运用聚类分析中类距离方法规范二叉树生成过程的基于二叉树的多类支持向量机(MSVM)分类算法。实验数据表明,相对于KNN 算法和朴素贝叶斯算法,基于二叉树的MSVM 算法在文本分类上更具优越性。该算法已应用于科技奖励信息检索系统中,取得了良好的效果。     

基于改进FCM聚类的BT-SVM多类分类算法

针对二叉树支持向量机在多类分类问题上存在的不足,利用粒子群算法对模糊C均值聚类算法进行了改进,在此基础上,结合二又树支持向量机,构建了偏二叉树多类分类算法.该方法在二叉树各节点处根据聚类中心所对应的样本构造学习样本集和最优分类超平面,保障了聚类精度,有效地提高了测试正确率.实验表明,本文提出BT-SVM多类分类算法的测试正确率要高于同类多类分类算法.     

多分类孪生支持向量机研究进展

孪生支持向量机因其简单的模型、快速的训练速度和优秀的性能而受到广泛关注.该算法最初是为解决二分类问题而提出的,不能直接用于解决现实生活中普遍存在的多分类问题.近来,学者们致力于将二分类孪生支持向量机扩展为多分类方法并提出了多种多分类孪生支持向量机.多分类孪生支持向量机的研究已经取得了一定的进展.本文主要工作是回顾多分类孪生支持向量机的发展,对多分类孪生支持向量机进行合理归类,分析各个类型的多分类孪生支持向量机的理论和几何意义.本文以多分类孪生支持向量机的子分类器组织结构为依据,将多分类孪生支持向量机分为：基于“一对多”策略的多分类孪生支持向量机、基于“一对一”策略的多分类孪生支持向量机、基于“一对一对余”策略的多分类孪生支持向量机、基于二叉树结构的多分类孪生支持向量机和基于“多对一”策略的多分类孪生支持向量机.基于有向无环图的多分类孪生支持向量机训练过程与基于“一对一”策略的多分类孪生支持向量机类似,但是其决策方式有其特殊的优缺点,因此本文将其也独立为一类.本文分析和总结了这六种类型的多分类孪生支持向量机的算法思想、理论基础.此外,还通过实验对比了分类性能.本文工作为各种多分类孪生支持向量机之间建立了联系比较,使得初学者能够快速理解不同多分类孪生支持向量机之间的本质区别,也对实际应用中选取合适的多分类孪生支持向量机起到一定的指导作用.     

一种基于改进的支持向量机的多类文本分类方法

提出了一种基于二叉树、预抽取支持向量机及循环迭代算法的改进的支持向量机(SVM)的多类文本分类方法, 与现有的多类分类SVM算法相比,该方法具有较高的计算效率。给出了具体实现过程并将其用于文本分类中,实验表明该算法用于文本分类的有效性及其高效率。     

基于对支持向量机的多类分类算法在入侵检测中的应用

针对基于传统支持向量机(SVM)的多类分类算法在处理大规模数据时训练速度上存在的弱势,提出了一种基于对支持向量机(TWSVM)的多类分类算法。该算法结合二叉树SVM多类分类思想,通过在二叉树节点处构造基于TWSVM的分类器来达到分类目的。为减少二叉树SVM的误差累积,算法分类前首先通过聚类算法得到各类的聚类中心,通过比较各聚类中心之间的距离来衡量样本的差异以决定二叉树节点处类别的分离顺序,最后将算法用于网络入侵检测。实验结果表明,该算法不仅保持了较高的检测精度,在训练速度上还表现了一定优势,尤其在处理稍大规模数据时,这种优势更为明显,是传统二叉树SVM多类分类算法训练速度的近两倍,为入侵检测领域大规模数据处理提供了有效参考价值。     

一种基于几何分布的新支持向量机多分类方法

二叉树支持向量机是多分类问题的一种有效方法,然而分类的效果与二叉树的结构密切相关。获得更好的分类效果和更高的效率,要使得二叉树高度尽量小而两个子类尽量易分。距离通常用来衡量两个类的分离程度,但不能反映类的分布情况。考虑到多分类中类的分布,文中定义新的分离度和相似度来衡量两个类的分离度,并且提出了一中新的基于几何分布二叉树支持向量机多分类算法,该方法使得二叉树高度尽量小而两个子类尽量易分。实验表明该方法具有较高的分类准确率和效率。     

一种新的二叉树多类支持向量机算法

采用二叉树结构对多个二值支持向量机(SVM)子分类器组合,可实现多类问题的分类,并且还可克服传统多类SVM算法存在的不可分区域的情况。针对现有二叉树多类SVM方法未采用有效的二叉树生成算法,该文采用聚类分析中的类距离思想,提出了一种新的基于二叉树的多类SVM分类方法。实验结果表明,新算法具有较高的推广性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.